자연 판막에 발생한 아스페르길루스 심내막염 1예

서정원,김진현,박완범,신정임,김대희,윤창환,김용진 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.65 No.6

아스페르길루스 심내막염은 드물지만 매우 불량한 예후를 보이는 질환이다. 최근 심장 수술, 면역 저하, 장기간의 항생제 사용, 약물 남용 및 후천성 면역 결핍증 등의 선행 요인과 연관되어 빈도가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 국내 최초로 자연 판막에 발생한 아스페르길루스 심내막염을 심초음파 검사 및 수술 조직을 통해 진단하였고, 이에 대해 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Fungal endocarditis is a rare but poor-prognostic disease. It typically occurs in patients with several predisposing factors such as open heart surgery, long term venous catheterization, antibiotic therapy, intravenous drug abuse, hematologic malignancy and AIDS. We report a case of native endocarditis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, which has not been reported as a causative organism of native valve endocarditis in Korea. A 47 year-old female patients without significant past medical history except pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted because of headache and neck pain. After admission, she developed high feve, new cardiac murmur and signs of multiple systemic embolization. Echocardiography revealed large mobile vegetations. Emergent mitral valve replacement was performed and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the resected vegetation. Despite postoperative amphotericin B therapy, she died of subarachnoidal hemorrhage.

베타 아밀로이드 형성에 관여하는 효소와 그를 응용한 알츠하이머병 치료법 개발 동향

장창환,정민환,묵인희 한국뇌학회 2001 한국뇌학회지 Vol.1 No.1

알츠하이머병(Alzheimer's disease: AD)은 퇴행성 신경질환으로서 80세 이상 노인의 50% 정도가 고통을 받고 있는 병이다. 그 증상으로는 기억력 및 인지기능의 상실이 서서히 진행되어 나타나며 아직 정확한 병인이나 치료법은 알려지지 않고 있는 실정이다. AD의 병리학적 특징으로는 노인반점(senile plaques), 신경섬유덩어리(neurofibrilary tangles), 그리고 신경세포의 손실(neuronal loss)을 대표적으로 들 수 있다 하겠다. 노인반점의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 응집된 베타아밀로이드 단백질은 여러 가지 실험적 증거들에 의하여 AD의 주요 병인으로 생각되어지고 있다. AD는 크게 젊은 나이에 발병하는 유전성 AD(familial AD)와 원인을 알 수 없는 산발성 AD(sporadic AD)로 나눌 수 있다. 유전성 AD의 경우는 presenilin 1(PS1), presenilin 2(PS2) 혹은 아밀로이드 전구단백질(amyloid precursor protein, APP) 유전인자에 돌연변이가 일어났을 경우 100% AD로 발병하게 된다. 산발성 AD의 경우는 아포지단백질 E(apolipoprotein E)나 α-2 macroglobulin에 돌연변이가 일어났을 때 AD로 진전할 확률이 높아지는 위험인자는 밝혀져 있으나 발병의 정확한 원인은 알려진 것이 없다. 특이한 사항은 산발성이나 유전성 AD 모두 베타아밀로이드 단백질의 과다 침착이 공통적으로 일어난다는 것으로 베타아밀로이드의 AD의 병인으로서의 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 베타아밀로이드가 형성되어지는 대사경로를 설명하고 그 중 베타아밀로이드 생성에 관여하는 β-, γ-secretases에 관하여 최근의 연구결과들을 중점적으로 설명할 것이다. 또한 베타아밀로이드의 생성을 저해하는 α-secretase의 후보물질들에 관한 설명과 이러한 secretases들의 조절 및 이를 이용한 치매치료법에 관한 최근 동향을 설명하고자 한다. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common senile dementia in elderly population. It is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Almost 50% of over 80 years old individuals suffer the problems with AD. Memory deficit which is resulted from degenerated neurons followed by synaptic loss is the major symptom of AD. The pathological hallmarks of AD are (1) extracellular deposit of senile plaques, (2) intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and (3) severe neuronal loss in the brain. Senile plaques consist of a central core of insoluble fibrillary amyloid β-protein (Aβ) surrounded by a halo of dystrophic neurites. Most of AD is sporadic form and less than 10% in AD is familial form. The mutations on the gene of amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) have been found on early-onset familial AD (FAD). Apolipoprotein E is known as a risk factor on late-onset sporadic AD (SAD). Since high level of Aβ deposit is appeared in the patient brains of both FAD and SAD, it is considered that Aβ might be the major cause of AD. Because Aβ is generated from a larger precursor protein, designated APP, understanding APP processing is important. APP is processed through at least two different pathways. The α-secretory pathway involves α- and γ-secretases, generating two secreted protein fragments, sAPP αand p3. Alternatively, the secreted fragments sAPPβ and Aβ are generated out of the β-secretory pathway by the actions of β- and γ-secretases. In this review, mechanism of A βgeneration is discussed with focus on three secretases such as α-, β- and γ-secretases. Also, possible therapeutic approaches is discussed based on the information about basic research results of secretases.

한국초등미술에서 종이판화의 실제 문제와 그 대안 연구 : 기법, 판화용구 및 매체 사용을 중심으로

박정환,강창재 광주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2000 初等敎育硏究 Vol.15 No.1

This report has been studied in order to guide the desirable collagraph producing in art subject in an elementary school. The content of this study was the review of various techniques, forms and teaching aids and their usage. The methods of this study was to research and analyze teacher's actural state of understanding, art teacher's book, the techniques described on teaching aids and their usage. So I can find out the real problems and make an alternative measure through this study. Finally this studty is as follows. First, the collagraph which has alternative quality on the original printmaking techniques has a possibility to extend the range of printmaking in the elementary school. Second, the successful art(expression) activity can be done with the concrete techniques and proper teaching aids and usage. Third, this study inspected the potential of collagraph as a formative art, possibility of teacher's real guidance and educational development through the various techniques and proper teaching aids and usage.

쇄골 중간부 골절후 불유합 및 지연 유합의 원인

윤정로,심재익,김택선,이성종,김영배,김학준,안국환,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들어지고 잇으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우 높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고 있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2002년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자 194명 중 완전 전위를 보인 78례를 조사하여 이중 63례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사성 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합의 유의성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 15(23%)례였다. 골유합을 보인 48례의 단축은 평균 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜)였고, 전위는 평균 9.7㎜(2-22㎜)였다 .불유합 및 지연 유합을 보였던 15례에서 단축은 평균 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜), 전위는 평균 17.3㎜(4-25㎜)였다. 18㎜이상 단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01), Chi-square test상 16㎜ 이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다(p<0.01). 결 론 : 쇄골 골절 특히 중간 1/3의 골절은 비교적 보존적 치료에 결과가 좋은 것으로 되어 있으나, 전위 및 단축이 심한 경우 불유합에 대한 가능성이 높이 때문에 보다 경과 관찰시 유합의 진행이 없으면 적극적인 치료를 고려해야한다. Purpose : Because the prognosis of the mid 1.3 clavicle fracture is good, the conservative treatment with a figure of 8 bandage is the gold standard and the nonunions are rare. However, recently surgical treatment is recommended when the shortening and displacement is severe because of the high nonunion rate and the poor clinical result. This study was undertaken to evaluate that the shortening and displacement at fracture site are associated with the development of nonunion. Materials and Methods : We analysed the 194 fractures of mid 1/3 clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively from February 1993 to January 2002 and did the retrospective study. Of these, 78 cases were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 63 of these cases. The shortening and displacement at the fracture site was measured on the initial roentgenogram. And the analysis of the patients' chart was done for another predisposing nonunion factors. Nonunion and delayed union are considered to be present when there has been little or no progression of clinical or radiographic healing at a minimum of 4 months after injury. Results : 15 of the 63 cases had developed nonunion.. The average 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜) shortening and average 9.7㎜(2-22㎜) in the union patients. The average 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜) shortening and average 17.3㎜(4-25㎜) in the nonunion patients. We found that initial shortening ≥18㎜(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and initial displacement ≥ 16㎜(Chi-square test. p<0.01)at the fracture site were significantly associated with the development of nonunion. Conclusion : The conservative treatment with figure-80-bandage is the gold standard in the clavicle middle one third fracture. However, the nonunion is commonly occurs in the cases of more of severely shortened and displaced fractures. If there are no signs of callus formation and the patient complains of pain after several week, osteosynthesis should be considered.

HASA 교육과정 기반의 과학캠프 프로그램 개발과 개발 과정 분석

김창만,김인환,차정호,황북기,최정훈 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2009 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구에서는 학교 밖 탐구활동의 실태 분석 결과와 수공적 기능이 강조된 HASA 교육과정 기준안에 근거하여 체험 중심 과학캠프 프로그램의 개발 내용과 과정을 분석하였다. 과학캠프 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하는 과정에 대해서는 개발자들과 운영자들이 기획한 자료와 면담 내용을 바탕으로 개발과정에서의 문제점과 개선방안을 분석하였다. 분석한 캠프 프로그램은 개발진이 설정한 개발 방향과 수업 모형을 토대로 과학 강연, 과학 체험학습, 과학 경연, 탐구주제 토론으로 구성되었다. 이 프로그램들은 HASA 교육과정에서 강조하는 수공적 기능, 탐구, 지식, 태도를 모두 포함하였다. 프로그램의 개발 과정에 대한 분석한 결과, 개발 기관의 인적 물적 인프라는 부족함이 없었으나, 프로그램 개발자 중 과학교육학 전공자가 부족하다는 점과 참가 대상 및 비용 측면에서 문제점이 지적되었다. In this study, practice-centered science camp programs developed based on the HASA science curriculum standard and its developmental processes were analyzed. For this purpose, materials related with development of programs and interview protocols were overviewed, and the shortcomings and revision points of the science camp were introduced. The camp programs included science lecture, science experiment, science contest, and inquiry topic discussion. These were based on manipulative skill, inquiry, knowledge, and attitude which were emphasized in HASA curriculum. As a results of analysis, we found that the institutions had enough infrastructures. However, there was no expert in science education, and had some problems in participant's school grade level and participation fee.

三成分系 세라믹의 壓電特性

都是弘,金重煥,張志元 釜山水産大學校 1982 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

1. (??)의 첨가량이 0.03mole일때 徑方向 電氣機械結合係數는 약 43%로 최대로 나타났으며, 이 때 誘電常數는 25℃ 1MHz에서 580이었다. 2. (??)을 0.03mole, MnO₂를 0.01wt% 첨가했을 경우 電氣機械結合係數는 約 5% 떨어지나 ?? 약 2배 증가하였고, 誘電常數는 580에서 880으로 증가하였다. 3. 不純物의 첨가량을 증가시킬수록 Curie溫度가 내려갔다. 4. MnO₂의 첨가량이 증가할수록 ?? 증가하였다. Properties of the ternary systems of ??·(1-X) 〔y(PbTiO₃) z(PbZro₃)〕 were studied, where A=Pb and B=Nb. The composition ranges were 0.003≤X≤0.1, y=0.46 and z=0.54 mole, and manganese was added to the ternary systems. The radial coupling coefficient exhibited 43% when ?? was 0.03 mole. Mn-impurities in ternary system are found to increase the mechanical quality factor ?? and the dielectric constant ε. On the other hand the radial coupling coefficient ?? have been decreased with the addition of manganese. Curie temperature has been decreased with the addition of ??and Mn-impurities.

한국 연안 퇴적물에서 ^137Cs, ^90Sr 및 Pu 동위원소의 분포

최석원,진현국,김철수,노정환,김창규,노병환 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.2

한국 주변 연안 15개 정점의 퇴적물(0∼20 cm)에서 ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^239+240Pu 의 농도와 농도비를 조사했다. ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu 및^239+240Pu의 평균 방사능 농도는 각각 2.24±0.79 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.20±0.04 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.009±0.005 Bq·kg^-1-dry 및 0.27±0.17 Bq·kg^-1-dry이다. ^137Cs/^90Sr, ^239+240Pu/^137Cs 및 ^238Pu/229+240Pu의 평균 농도 비와 ^239Pu/240의 평균 원자 비는 각각 11.2±2.9, 0.123±0.053, 0.033±0.01 및 0.218±0.036이다. 퇴적물에서 핵종의 농도 범위와 핵종간의 농도 비는 그 동안 주변국가의 퇴적물에서 조사한 값과 비슷하였다. 퇴적물에서 ^137Cs과 ^239+240Pu의 상관계수는 0.80이다. ^137Cs과 SOM, ^239+240Pu과 점토 함량과의 상관계수는 각각 0.69, 0.67 이다. The concentrations and activity ratios of ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu and ^239+240Pu in sediment(0∼20 cm) at 15 coastal stations of Korea were determined. The mean concentrations of ^137Cs, ^90Sr, ^238Pu and ^239+240Pu are 2.24±0.79 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.20±0.04 Bq·kg^-1-dry, 0.009±0.005 Bq·kg^-1-dry and 0.27±0.17 Bq·kg^-1-dry, respectively. The mean activity ratios of ^137Cs/^90Sr, ^239+240Pu/^137Cs and ^238Pu/^229+240Pu and atomic ratio of ^240Pu/^239Pu are 11.2±2.9, 0.123±0.053 and 0.033±0.017 and 0.218±0.036, respectively. The concentrations and activity ratios in sediment samples are similar to those reported from neighbouring country in the northern hemisphere. The correlation coefficient of ^137Cs and ^239+240Pu is 0.80. The correlation coefficient of ^137Cs and soil organic matter(SOM), and ^239+240Pu and clay content are 0.69 and 0.67, respectively.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

식괴의 종류에 따른 식도운동의 변화에 관한 연구

이정환(Jung Whan Lee),송치욱(Chi Wook Song),허병원(Byung Won Hur),강창돈(Chang Don Kang),진윤태(Yoon Tae Jeen),전훈재(Hoon Jai Chun),이홍식(Hong Sik Lee),이상우(Sang Woo lee),엄순호(Soon Ho Um),최재현(Jai Hyun Choi),김창덕(Chang Duck 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2000 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.6 No.1

N/A Background/Aims: It is suggested that diffuse esophagenl spasm (DES), nutcracker esophagus (NUT), and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (HLES) could be re-classified together as a spastic esophageal motility disorder of similar clinical background. However, there were no studies to evaluate the pathophysiological characteristics of these motor abnormalities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of esophageal motor function depending on the different types of the bolus (water vs semi-solid bolus). Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects and 42 subjects with primary esophageal motility disorders (4 DES, 12 NUT, 5 HLES, 12 nonspecific esophageal motility disorders, 9 normal) underwent a perfusion manometry with a low compliance pneumo-hydraulic capillary infusion system. Consecutively, each patient had l0 swallows of water and 10 swallows of Jello, 5 ml each. Results: In the healthy controls, the Jello swallow showed an increased amplitude and duration of distal esophageal contraction, and the velocity of peristalsis was decreased (p<0.05). Among all patients diagnosed by manometry with the water swallow, 2 cases diagnosed with HLES (40%) and 4 with NUT (33%) were changed to a diagnoses of DES after the Jello swallow. Moreover, HLES was found in 1 patient with DES (25%) and in 6 patients with NUT (50%). Conclusions: Semi-solid bolus swallows increase the contractile force of the esophagus more than water swallows. A conventional manometric diagnosis could be changed to a different spastic motility disorder of the esophagus after a semi-solid bolus swallow. It is suggested that DES, NUT, and HLES can be considered as a spectrum of spastic esophageal motility disorders sharing a similar pathophysiology. (Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 2000;6;ll-19)

Sol-gel Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Dissolved Oxygen and pH Detection

Chang Whan JUNG,Ok-Jae SOHN,Jong Il RHEE 한국생물공학회 2009 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10