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이성종,안국환,윤정로,심재익,김택선,김영배,김학준,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4
목 적 : 쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들여지고있으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나, 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2 0 0 0 2 년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자1 9 4 명 중 완전 전위를 보인 7 8례를 조사하여 이중 6 3례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사선 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합 혹은 지연 유합으로 판정을 하였다. 단축 및 전위 정도를 처음 방사선 사진에서 측정하였고 이들과 불유합의 유의성을 알아 보고자 하였다.. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 1 5 ( 2 3 % ) 례였다. 골유합을 보인 4 8례의 단축은 평균 8 . 6 m m ( 2 - 1 7 m m ) 였고, 전위는 평균 9.7mm (2-22mm)였다. 불유합및 지연 유합을 보였던 1 5례에서 단축은 평균 14.5mm(3-37mm), 전위는평균 1 7 . 3 m m ( 4 - 2 5 m m ) 였다. 18mm이상단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고( F i s h e r ’s exact test, p〈0.01). Chi-square test상1 6 m m이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다( p〈0 . 0 1 ) .
생체분자 분리를 위한 Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> 나노입자의 표면수식과 분산 안정성 향상
김민정,안국환,임보라미,김희택,좌용호,Kim, Min-Jung,An, Guk-Hwan,Lim, Borami,Kim, Hee-Taik,Choa, Yong-Ho 한국분말야금학회 2007 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.14 No.4
The surface of magnetite ($Fe_{3}O_{4}$) nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation method was modified by carboxylic acid group of poly(3-thiophenacetic acid (3TA)) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Then the lysozyme protein was immobilized on the carboxylic acid group of the modification of the magnetite nanoparticles. The magnetite nanoparticles are spherical and the particle size is approximately 10 nm. We measured quantitative dispersion state by dispersion stability analyzer for each $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ nanoparticles with and without surface modification. The concentration of lysozyme on the modified magnetite nanoparticles was also investigated by a UV-Vis spectrometer and compared to that of magnetite nanoparticles without surface modification. The functionalized magnetite particles had higher enzymatic capacity and dispersion stability than non-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles.
An Economic Feasibility Analysis of Korea-Singapore FTA and a Korea-China FTA
김창봉,안국환 한국관세학회 2005 관세학회지 Vol.6 No.4
This paper examined an economic feasibility analysis of a Korea-Singapore FTA and a Korea-China FTA. Based on the data collect with welfare level, income level, inflation, and trade balance, the following results were found. First, the economic effects of world's free trade areas can be enhanced through an open regionalism. Second, the economic effects of world's free trade areas can be enhanced through the inter-regional trade between Korea, Singapore, or China. Third, the economic effects of world's free trade areas can be enhanced through the economic effects of a Korea-Singapore FTA and a Korea-China FTA. However, there are several limitations, such as measurement for the economic effects of free trade areas, small sample size, and secondary data in using parameter from simulation analysis, that make the preceding conclusions be considered preliminary.
에너지 및 단백질 수준이 쥐의 성장 , 체성분 및 혈액성상에 미치는 효과
한인규,신인수,안국환 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.5
A total of 216 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned in a 2 × 3 × 3 (Sex × 3 protein × 3 energy) factorial design in order to estimate the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth performances, body composition and blood components. Experimental subjects aged five wks were fed experimental diets for eight weeks. Rats fed diets low or intermediate in energy and protein grew faster than those fed diets high :in energy and protein. Daily weight gain of male rats increased as dietary energy levels increased whereas that of female rats decreased as dietary energy levels increased. Daily feed intake was reduced with increasing dietary energy and protein levels; thus, feed to gain ratio was lowered with increasing energy and protein levels. Protein efficiency ratio was improved as dietary energy levels increased and as dietary protein levels decreased. Serum protein content was not influenced by dietary energy but were influenced by dietary protein levels. Serum cholesterol concentration was lowest for rats for diets intermediate in energy or low in protein. Blood protein and cholesterol concentrations were higher for male rats than for female rats. Ratios of each organ to body weight tended to increase as dietary protein level increased. Ratios of organs to body weight were greater for male rats than for female rats. Dietary energy or protein levels had no effects on the body compositions. Nitrogen digestion and retention were not affected by sex, dietary energy or protein levels, while digestible and metabolizable energy increased with increasing energy levels, but mere independent of dietary protein levels. The ratio of digestible energy to digestible nitrogen increased as dietary energy levels increased but decreased as dietary protein levels increased. The most appropriate ratio of digestible energy to digestible nitrogen ranged between 175 and 220 ㎉/g (36 and 28㎎ protein/㎉), which were relatively close to 29 to 33㎎ protein/㎉, the recommended ratio of dietary protein to energy by the NRC. In conclusion, 3,600 to 4,500 ㎉ MF/㎏ and 15 to 20% CP in the diet were adequate for the normal growth of laboratory rats.