정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

STI571 (Glivec^(�))에 의하여 빠른 치료 반응을 보인 불응성 Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

윤경원,이제중,김여경,황호인,이병환,조상희,정익주,김형준 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.4

펄프 표백시 산소와 이산화염소의 영향 : 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온의 영향 The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical and Metal Ion

윤병호,조병묵,이명구 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 1997 Journal of Forest Science Vol.13 No.-

본 논문에서는 케미루민센스와 HPLC를 사용하여 산소 표백시 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 리그닌 및 탄수화물의 분해와의 상호관련성을 밝히기 위하여 간단한 리그닌 모델화합물인 아포사이놀과 탄수화물 모델화합물인 α-D-glucopyranose와 methyl-β-D-glucopyronoside를 사용하여 연구하였다. 또한 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온과의 연관성을 검토하고 탈리그닌을 촉진함과 동시에 탄수화물의 분해를 억제하는 최적의 금속이온 농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 금속이온의 존재가 수산기 라디칼의 형성과 탈리그닌화에 효과적인 영향을 주며, Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+ 순서로 수산기 라디칼이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 금속이온들은 탄수화물도 분해시키는 문제가 있음을 증명하였다. 그러나 100㎛ Mg^2+를 첨가하면 수산기 라디칼의 생성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Cu^2+은 탄수화물의 안정성에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤으나, 3㎛ Mn^2+을 첨가하면 놀랍게도 methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside에 대해 약간의 보호효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이산화염소 라디칼 표백 용액 중에서는 이와 반대로 금속과 관계없이 상당한 양의 수산기 라디칼을 생성하지 않으나 이산화염소 자체의 라디칼이 리그닌만을 선택적으로 분해하였다. Hydroxyl radicals were detected and their qualitative yields were estimated by using chemiluminescence method and γ-irradiation technique in oxygen or chlorine dioxide radicals bleaching conditions. The correlation of hydroxyl radical formation and lignin model(Apocynol) or carbohydrate model(α-D-glucopyranose and methyl-β-D-g1ucopyranoside) degradation was studied in the presence of metal ion or without metal ion. The results showed that the presence of metal ions efficiently affected the formation of hydroxyl radicals in oxygen bleaching process, in the order of Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+, and these metal gave also rise to the degradation of carbohydrate. But it was found that the addition of 100㎛ Mg^2+ gave an efficient protection against carbohydrate degradation and suppressed the hydroxyl radical formation under oxygen bleaching conditions. And the presence of Cu^2+ had a detrimental effect on the stability of carbohydrates, whereas the addition of 3㎛ Mn^2+ surprisingly had a small protective effect on methyl--β-D-g1ucopyranoside. In the CIO_2 radical bleaching conditions the hydroxyl radical expected to generate from water or substrates was not detected in the presence of metals.

투명단열 축열벽 시스템의 하절기 과열현상 방지에 관한 실험 연구

윤종호,김병수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

Korea has been introducing passive solar systems in order to save the heating energy of a building from the past. Among them, a Mass-wall system as a component of construction structure has been applied to various types since it had excellent application and function. However, because of characteristics of Korean climate, the Mass-wall system is excellent to the reducing effect of a heating energy in winter, and in summer, cooling energy consumption by over heating might be increased. The purpose of this paper is to analyse overheating of summer using the experiment model of a Mass-wall system with doble glass and Mass-wall system with TIM, and to research the effect and selection of a overheating protector. The process of this paper is as follows : 1) After establishing a experiment model which sets up doubled glass and TIM as collector respectively, it analysed overheating through a summer experiment. 2) Solar shading effect was analysed after putting blinds on all sides of collector in order to reduce overheating phenomenon of a Mass-wall system applying TIM. 3) After installing a natural ventilation device between blinds and air-gap, the overheating effect by solar shading and natural ventilation was analysed. As a result of the experiment, overheating phenomenon of a Mass-wall system applying doubled glass and TIM was almost same. In the case of a thermal mass wall set with only blinds for solar shading, although the increasement of temperature of a thermal mass wall and air-gap was stopped by solar shading, an indoor temperature was increased 32℃ which was about 2℃ higher than outdoor temperature. In the case of setting up blinds and a natural ventilation device at the same time, the blinds and natural ventilation device blocked overheating of air-gap, a thermal mass wall and indoor temperature by solar and outdoor temperature effectively, and they kept up indoor temperature as average 27℃.

기존 축열벽 시스템과 투명단열 축열벽 시스템의 열성능 평가 실험 연구

김병수,윤종호,윤용진,이진숙 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.10

TI-wall is an Mass-wall with TIM used instead of an usual single, double and triple glassed windows. The aim of this study is to analyze the thermal performance through Test-Cell of TI-wall in domestic climate. This study is carried out as follows: 1) Test-cells of TI-wall and Mass-wall are designed through the investigation of previous paper and work. The type of the TIM used in test-cell is small-celled(diameter 4㎜ and thickness 50㎜) capillary and cement brick(density 1500㎏/㎥) is used by thermal mass. 2) individual and combination test with various variants, such as thickness(190㎜, 380㎜) and surface absorption(60%, 95%) of thermal mass wall, measured for winter and spring, and the thermal effects are analyzed. Finally, as results indicated that the peak point time of the temperature of in-and-out surface is cut down approximately by an hour when the surface absorption of thermal mass wall is changed from 60% to 95% In case of applying for 1B(190㎜) in thickness of thermal mass wall. In case of applying for 2B(380㎜) in thickness of thermal mass wall, the temperature difference between in-and-out surface is showed about 23℃ in terms of Spring and Autumn. It means that the heat could not be delivered enough because the distance for heat transmission is too far. Therefore, in case of more than being 2B in thickness of thermal mass wall, it is not right for heating in Winter, Spring and Autumn. Experiment in term of su㎜er, the thermal mass wall is heated enough by outside temperature and solar radiation, the temperature difference between in-and-out surface is indicated 10℃. Also, inside temperature is sustained more than average 28C. Therefore, radical temperature rising will be released by changing its thickness, but the inside temperature still remains in high.

광대역 고출력 공간 전력 증폭 소자에 관한 연구

이성호,권세웅,이병무,윤영중 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

In this paper, spatial amplifier using wideband printed dipole antennas is proposed for spatial power combining. The input and output printed dipole antennas have wide bandwidth of 22 %(5.44 ㎓∼6.75 ㎓) and 26.3 %(5.2 ㎓∼6.78 ㎓), respectively. Gain of the designed amplifier is 9.5 ㏈ at 6 ㎓. As a result, the proposed spatial amplifier using wideband printed dipole antennas and amplifiers shows that the gain is 16.8 ㏈ at 6 ㎓ and 3-㏈ gain bandwidth is 1.04 ㎓.

Carbamate계 살충제에 의한 Cholinesterase활성의 저해

김정호,박홍재,박병윤 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Carbamate 농약에 대한 cholinesterase(ChE)활성 저해 관계를 규명 하고자 in vivo와 in vitro 실험을 하였다. ChE의 최적 pH는 8.0이었다. 병아리 혈장의 ChE 활성은 기질로 acetylcholin를 사용할 경우 24.6 μmol/min/g protein이었다. in vivo에서 BPMC을 0.32 mg/kg 경구 투여한 15분 후에 ChE 활성이 60% 까지 저해되었으며 그후 12시간 후에 97% 까지 회복이 일어났다. in vitro에서 효소 활성이 50%로 저해되는데 필요한 농도인 I_50이 Phenyl N-methylcarbamate계에 XMC는 329 ㎍/l였고, metolcarb은 214 ㎍/l였다. BPMC는 111 ㎍/l, propoxur는 107 ㎍/l, isoprocarb는 104 ㎍/l 이었다. Aromatic N-methylcarbamate계에 속하는 carbaryl의 I_50은 280 ㎍/l이었고, carbofuran 114 ㎍/l이었다. This study was carried out with the inhibition of the cholinesterase activity by carbamate insecticides in the chicken in vivo and in vitro. The optimum pH of cholinesterase was 8.0. The cholinesterase activity used the acetylcholin as substrate in plasma was 24.6 μmol/min/g protein. After oral administration with 0.32 mg/kg of BPMC as carbamate pesticide, the cholinesterase activity was inhibited to 60% of control after 15min in vivo. Then the recovery of cholinesterase activity followed to 97% of control after 12hr. I_50, such as concentration required for 50% inhibition of enzyme activity, of phenyl N-methylcarbamate were 329 ㎍/l of XMC, 214 ㎍/l of metolcarb, 111 ㎍/l of BPMC, 107 ㎍/l of propoxur and 104 ㎍/l of isoprocarb. I_50 of aromatic N-methylcarbamate were 280 ㎍/l of carbaryl and 114 ㎍/l carbofuran.

夏節期中의 琴湖江의 水質調査 硏究

朴炳允,染成鎬,李松愛 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1991 연구논문집 Vol.42 No.1

In order to porvide the basic information for the conservation of Keumho river, pH, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate and heavy metals were investigated at seven sampling sites(Yeungchun dam, Yeungseo bridge, Hayang bridge, Ayang bridge, Seobyun bridge, Paldal bridge, Gangchang bridge). The results were as follows. 1. The values of DO at other sampling sites except for the downstream of Yeungchun dam were lower than those of saturated DO, and, particularly, DO sag was observed at Gangchang bridge. 2. The value of BOD at Gangchang bridge was 13.3ppm, which exceeded the fourth grade of environmental criterion(8ppm). 3. The calue of COD at the downstream of Yeungchun dam was 2.1ppm, but the value of COD at Gangchang bridge, the most highly polluted site, was 27.6ppm, which exceeded the fifth grade of environmental criterion(8ppm). 4. The values of NH₃-N at Yeungseo bridge and Gangchang bridge were 1.93ppm and 1.94ppm, respectively, but those of other sampling sites were at range of 0.18∼0.60ppm The values of NO₃-N at seven sampling sites were at gange of 3.74∼16.32ppm. These values were very high in comparison with those of NH₃-N. 5. The contents of heavy metals at Gangchang bridge(Cu 0.27ppm, Cd 0.034ppm Mn 0.081ppm, Fe 1.742ppm, Zn 0.684ppm, Cr 1.018ppm) were higher than those of other sampling sites.

미소 유체 혼합기와 DNA 정제칩으로 구성된 DNA 시료 전처리를 위한 일회용 수동 미소 유체 시스템

김준호,김병균,윤준보,윤의식 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

치환성 양이온이 중금속 흡착에 미치는 영향

박병윤,허남호,이정재 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1991 환경위생연구 Vol.1 No.1

국내산 zeolite의 중금속 제거제로서의 이용가능성을 검정하기 위해 zeolite에 의한 중금속의 흡착능을 조사하였다. Zeolite의 주구성점토광물은 clinoptilolite와 smectite였다. 증금속 ion들의 흡착반응은 45분 이후에 흡착평형에 도달하였다. 이들의 흡착량은 첨가중금속 ion들의농도가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었으며 흡착등온선은 Freundlich식에 잘 부합되었다. 치환성 양 ion별 중금속 흡착량은 Na^+ -> K^+ -> Mg^+2 -> Ca^+2 -zeolite의 순으로 1가 양Ion으로포화된 시료가 2가 양Ion으로 포화된 시료보다 더 많은 양의 중금속을 흡착하였다. This study was conducted to examine the adsorption capacity ofheavy metal cations by zeolite for the purpose of investigating the possibilityfor heavy metal cations eliminator of Korean zeolite. The dominant clay minerals of zeolite were clinoptilolite and smectite. The adsorption of heavy metal cations by zeolite reached equilibrium after 45 minutes. The adsorption increased with increasing concentrations of the bulk solution, and it was found that the adsorption isothermal curves conformed to Freundlich's equation. Samples saturated with monovalent cations adsorbed more heavy metal cations than those saturated with divalent cations, and the order of adsorption amounts was Na^+ -> K^+ -> Mg^+2 -> Ca^+2 -saturated samples.