정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

다양한 표피 종양에서 Matrix Metalloproteinase-2와 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

박홍표,최규철,정병수 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.1

Background and Objectives: Degradation of basement membranes and extracelluar matrix is a essential step in tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis formation. Two types of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9 are active in the digestion of type Ⅳ collagen, the main constituent of the basement membrane. Based on this background, we investigated the expression patterns of Type Ⅳ collagenase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid (acantholytic) squamous cell carcimoma, and its precancerous conditions, actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease by immunohistochemical technique. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 5 actinic keratosis, 5 Bowen's diseases, 5 adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, and 5 squamous cell carcinoma were immunolabelled with monoclonal antibodies directed against MMP-2 and MMP-9. Result: For MMP-2, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma was expressed to relative low level in tumor cells. Bowen's disease showed a negative staining for MMP-9, but in microinvasive area of actinic keratosis and adenoid lining cells of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma was a positive staining or MMP-9. In Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, dyskeratotic cells and acantholytic cells were stained for MMP-2 but for MMP-9, only in adenoid squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: This finding suggested that MMP-9 may be related to tumor invasion to surrounding stroma and that MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involves in the apoptotic process of the tumor cells.

Scale 제어를 통한 제지공정 안정화 및 용수 절감 방안

권오철,박지혜,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Recently, many paper industries are trying to recycle the under of processing for reserving the environment and saving the water. Because of the decrease of the lord of waste water, the process water concentrate the in the substance which is create the scale in the process and then, these factor cause the decrease of qualify of products and need the cost for cleaning the machine. In this study, through the analysis of process water for each part, we examine the degree of stability index and saturation index. We expect the scale in the system. We also examine the change of process water to stabilize the quality of products and work.

김정일정권의 체제유지 전략 : 선군정치와 7·1 경제관리개선조치를 중심으로

박동국,박병철 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2006 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.5 No.2

This paper aims to analyzes the strategic direction of regime maintenance of Km Jung—Il under the political, economic crisis after 1990s. The strategies of regime maintenance are classfied following two categories: ‘Arduous March’, ‘Military—First Politics’ as political · ideological strategy and the "New Economic Management Improvement policy"(hereafter ‘7 · 1 policy,) as economic strategy. Under the comprehensive critical condition,'Arduous March' was adopted as a 'muddling through strategy’ based on the severely forced sacrifice of people of North Korea. 'Military—First Politics‘ was an instrument for the system control. As an expression of confidence of stabiizing Kim's regime,‘7 · 1 policy’ was lunched for the purpose of the improvement of economic difficulties by introducing partly some elements of market economy. ‘7 · 1 policy’ has contributed actually to favorable turn of North Korea's economy. From this point,‘7 · 1 policy’ can be seen as a successful strategy for the regime stability. However,‘7 · 1 policy’ would be characterized as an provisional instrument which can be realized only during the economic recovering period,because Kim's regime,based on the ‘Military—First Politics’,might eliminate elements of the market economy adopted through the ‘7 · 1 policy’. The policy aims not at an application of capitalist market principles to the national economic policy, but at reestablishment of the planned economy system. It is very likely that Kim's regime would continuously expand some elements of market economy for the purpose of the regime stability until the end of economic crisis. Yet the economic reform will be continued under the influence of the 'Military—First Politics’. 본 논문은 1990년대 이후 북한 위기상황에서 김정일정권이 체제유지를 위해 제시한 전략의 방향성을 고찰하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 북한에 있어 체제유지 전략은 정치 · 사상적 전략으로 ‘고난의 행군’과 ‘선군정치’와 경제적 전략으로 ‘7․1경제관리개선조치’를 들 수 있을 것이다. 북한 사회 전반적인 위기 상황에서 ‘고난의 행군’은 주민들의 회생을 통한 ‘버티기 전략’의 일환으로, 선군정치는 체제통제 수단으로 기능하고 있다. 또한 ‘7․1조치’는 김정일체제의 자신감의 표현으로, 시장경제의 부분적 도입을 통해 현실적 경제위기를 개선하려는 조치이다. 여기서 ‘7․1조치’로 북한의 경제가 호전되고 있다는 측면에서는 북한의 체제유지 전략이 성과를 거두고 있다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 ‘7․1조치’는 북한이 계획경제를 정상화하는 동안의 과도기에 임시방편으로 활용될 가능성을 지니고 있다. 왜냐하면 북한은 강력한 체제 통제 수단인 선군정치를 바탕으로 언제든지 ‘7․1조치’로 등장한 개혁적 시장경제요소들을 제거할 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 ‘7․1조치’도 계획경제의 복귀를 목적-사회주의 경제 정상화를 위한 방법-으로 시장경제의 요소를 일부 활용한다는 차원이지, 시장경제를 사회 전반의 경제원칙으로 정립하려는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재의 북한은 체제유지전략으로 당면한 경제 위기가 해결되기 전까지는 시장경제를 지속적으로 확대해 나갈 것으로 보이며, 이는 선군정치를 바탕으로 진행될 것이다.

쇄석말뚝(CSP)의 압밀거동특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김유철,김병일,박용원 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Crushed Stone Pile(CSP) is one of the ground improvement methods and is suitable for soft clays or loose silty sands. CSP has proven successful in increasing bearing capacity, reducing settlements, increasing time rate of consolidation. In this study several model tests were performed to evaluate the stress concentration ratio and the consolidation behaviour characteristics of CSP relevant to the area replacement ratio. Two rectangular model tanks(1.0m×1.0m×1.0× & 1.5m×1.5m×1.2m) are used and area replacement ration of 20%, 30%, 40%, are applied in the model tests. The results of model tests are compared with the model test results of SCP performed previously.

포스파젠 분리막을 이용한 금속이온의 분리

李炳哲,朴在圭 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 産業技術 Vol.9 No.-

Poly〔bis(trifluoromethoxyethoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene〕was casted by dip coating method into membranes supported on porous polypropylene mesh filter sheet for metal separation testing. A solution of Cr^3+, Co^2+, Mn^2+ nitrates was used in diffusion experiments which conducted from 25 to 60℃. Membrane of poly〔bis(trifluoromethoxyethoxyethoxy-ethoxy)phosphazene〕was found to separate Cr ion from Mn and Co ions with separation factors of 2.0 at 60℃. Diffusion activation energy were calculated from diffusion coefficients.

Paraquat 투여 백서에서 Cyclophosphamide와 Dexamethasone의 치료 효과

신정철,신양수,유병전,임현성,정태흥,박찬국,오금탁,이병래 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

Paraquat (N,N'-dimethy 1-4,4'bipyrydinium : Gramoxone^(R), a widely used herbicide, is extremely toxic to all green plants and many eukaryotic organisms. In human, paraquat intoxication leads to multiple organ failure, it preferentially damages the lung, kidney and liver and may result in death. The participation of superoxide in initiating tissue damage by administration of paraquat is well known in which one electron reduction of paraquat leads to the formation of radical species which react with molecular oxygen to give superoxide. This process initiates immunological changes with the activation of neutrophilic leukocytes, which is related to further production of superoxide. In this experiment, therapeutic effects of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone on blood cell count, malondialdehyde as a indicator of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes levels in the lung, liver and kidney of paraquat intoxicated rats were inbestigated. The WBC count were significantly decreased by combined treatment of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in paraquat intoxicated rats at 3 and 5 days but RBC count were not changed. The contents of malondialdehyde were significantly decreased in the lung and Kidney by combined treatment at 10 days after paraquat intoxication. The catalase acitvities were markedly increased in the lung and liver of rats at 10 days after paraquat intoxication, and superoxide dismutase activities showed minimal changes in the lung, liver and kidney of rats by combined treatment. These results suggest that paraquat induced tissue damage in rats can be redeced by combined administration of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone.

Anoxic-oxic 및 Step-feed process에 있어서의 생물학적 질소제거 Modeling

이철희,박영규,이병대 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 WQM MODEL에 의해서 Anoxic-oxic process와 Step-feed process 각 Unit에서의 TN 유출수를 계산하였고 실 처리장의 측정치와 비교분석하였다. Simulation도중에서 bugs나 logic error는 발생하지 않았다. 또한 모든 simulation결과치는 두번 행한 값이고 이 값들은 매우 유사한 값을 나타내어 본 모델이 좋은 재현상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 몇 개의 simulation결과치가 실 처리장의 측정치와 다소 차이가 있었으나 이것은 실 처리장의 유입수질의 부족하였기 때문에 발생한 것이라고 생각된다. 그러나 전반적으로는 실 처리장의 측정치와 좋은 상관관계를 보이고 있어 본 모델이 신뢰성을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 모델을 이용하여 Anoxic-oxic process와 Step-feed process의 실 처리장에서 TN유출수를 ±4.92 mg/ℓ안에서 예측 가능함을 나타냈다. Two activated sludge methods of anoxic-oxic and step-feed process were analyzed numerically for the each unit and final TN effluent by WQM MODEL and the results were compared with several measured data from these WWTPs. No bugs and logic error were occurred during simulation work. All of the simulation results tried to two times were obtained and both results were almost same thus this model has good reappearance. A few of simulation results were deviated with measured data because lack of influent water qualities are reported however simulation results have wholly good relationship with measured data. Also each unit of simulation result was kept good realtionship with that of measured data therefore this WQM MODEL has good reliance. Finally, WQM MODEL predicts final TN effluent within±4.92 mg/ℓ.

자일리톨, 후노란, 제2인산칼슘 및 카제인포스포펩타이드배합껌이 법랑질의 광질재침착에 미치는 영향에 관한 실용실험연구

이병진,배광학,박우철,양준영,황수정,노정,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The object of this study was to investigate caries preventive effect of chewing gum containing xylitol, funoran, calcium hydrogen phosphate and casein phosphopeptide by examining Vickers' hardness and surface roughness with confocal laser microscope. Early caries-like lesions were created using 0.1 M lactic acid-sodium hydroxide buffer(pH 4.0). 8 pieces of 3am diameter bovine enamel specimen with early caries-like lesions were mounted into the recesses of lingual surface of the acrylic mandibular removable appliance. 13 subjects were the appliance for daytime and chewed control and experimental gums 7 times in a day, for 3 days. In order to evaluate the remineralization effect of chewing gum on specimens, we measured vickers' hardness number after chewing gum, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days after and calculated surface roughness immediately after chewing gum. Vickers' hardness number of experimental chewing gum was significantly higher than control in 2 and 3 days after. Surface roughness of experimental chewing gum was significantly lower than control immediately after chewing gum. These results showed that experimental gum has more effective in remineralization of bovine tooth enamel, and it is more effective at immediately after chewing.

전기투석에 의한 금속이온 분리에 관한 연구

李炳哲,朴在奎 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術 Vol.10 No.-

Effect on the temperature, flow rate, and applied stack, voltage on zero-gap electrodialysis cell performance. Permeation of metal ion was increased with increasing temperature and flow rate. The temperature characteristics data were well coincided with Arrhenius type equation. As the applied stack voltage increased, the current density changing rate was increased rapidly with time due to the concentration polarization. It was proposed that not only the distance of electrode but also the flow pattern should be taken as a design factor electrodialysis cell.