프로토콜 분석을 통한 창의적 디자인 전략으로서의 은유와 유추

최한희(Choi, Han_Hee),주서령(Ju, Seo Ryeung),김미정(Kim, Mi Jeong) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.1

The aim of this research is to explore the potential of analogy and metaphor as design strategies for supporting the creative design thinking. For the empirical research on analogical and metaphoric process in designing, we conducted design experiments that consist of three different conditions of given items as stimulation for design inspiration: baseline, surrealist paintings, and housing design collections. The results were analyzed using a protocol analysis in order to obtain more systmatic interpretation of the design processes and strategies. As a result, it was noted that students are more apt to read visual information rather than semantic information in the given items. Instead of the representation of their senses or feelings from the paintings, they visualized the analogical images of the paintings for the design representation. However, analogical and metaphoric thinking derived from the given items seem change a designer’s perspective, thus bring a novel interpretation on design problems, and eventually more creative and meaningful design ideas. An extended research using one-semester training and observation of the design studio process is introduced as a follow-up study for this paper. This research will investigate the long-term effect of the analogy and metaphor on the design thinking.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

在來市場 再整備 戰略의 方向 : 미국·일본의 소매시장 활성화 전략을 중심으로

한희경,김정태,오덕성 忠南大學校 地域開發硏究所 1997 地域開發論叢 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this is to present effective strategy of rehabilitations, renewals on traditional retail markets which have been pressed from emerging of new types of retail shops, increased income, changing of consumer's merchandising pattern. For this study, the cases of America, Japan were chosen and analyzed according to effective ways of rehabilitations, renewals on traditional retail markets. The results were as follows. ① The strategy in Japan rehabilitations depending on tenant's participation present architectural guidelines our situation consisting of petty market and organization. ② The strategy in America give functional mix, tenant mix, strategical market, markets with regional character in markets renewal which were applied to out situation associated with clearance.

상온 기포유동층 연소로내에서 전열관의 마모 특성연구

한근희,정진도,류정인 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

The erosion characteristics of heat exchanger tube submerged in bubbling fluidized bed were investigated in a cold model reactor which had a cross sectional area of 0.15×0.2m and a height of 1m. The bed materials were two different sizes of river sand with the average diameter of 0.731 and 1.243mm. The static bed height was 45cm. The wear specimens were made of acrylic tube with a diameter of 24.6mm and a length of 150mm. Test tubes were located inside the bed with three tubes in a low at 15, 30, 45cm and with a single tube at 60cm above distributor plate. Test was performed with the variation of fluidization velocity of 1.2 to 2.2m/s for 100 hours per set. The test was performed ti investigate the effects of fluidization velocity, array of tubes, distance above distributor plate on the erosion rate, and the erosion trend of tube surface with radial and axial direction. The results showed that the erosion rate increases with fluidization velocity and with distance above the distributor plate. The erosion was severe at the tube located in the splash zone of 60cm above the distributor. the trend with radial direction showed severe erosion at the 4-8 o'clock clockwise compared to other areas, especially 5 and 7 o'clock clockwise.

기호학적 접근을 통한 웹 페이지 이해 과정 탐색 : 화학교육 홈페이지를 중심으로

한재영,김은혜,차정호,노태희 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2007 중등교육연구 Vol.55 No.1

고추 풋마름병ㆍ역병 복합 저항성 계통육성

한정혜,김주영,황희숙,김병수 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2000 慶北大農學誌 Vol.18 No.-

풋마름병과 역병에 복합저항성인 계통을 육성하기 위한 노력으로서 앞서 역병 저항성으로 육성한 계통(16-2-2-3-2 = 역병 저항성 '칼미초', 19-1-3-7-1-1, 19-2-4-5-3-2 = 역병 저항성 '수비초', 김 등, 1996)과 풋마름병 저항성 계통(KC350 = MC 4, KC353 = PBC631)을 교배하여 육성한 F5와 BC1F4, F6와 BC1F5 세대에 대해 1999년과 2000년에 각각 풋마름병과 역병에 대한 복합저항성을 검정하였다. 풋마름병과 역병에 복합 저항성을 보인 개체를 선발하여 다음 세대의 종자를 채종하였다. In an effort to breed lines resistant to both bacterial wilt and Phytophthora blight, F5 and BC1F4, and F6 and BC4F5 generations of the crosses between the lines previously bred for resistance to Phytophthora blight ((16-2-2-3-2 = Phytophthora-resistant 'Kalmi', 19-1-3-7-1-1, 19-2-4-5-3-2 = Phytophthora-resistant 'Subi', Kim et al., 1996) and sources of resistance to bacterial wilt (KC350 = MC-4 or KC353 =PBC631, Kim et al., 1998) were evaluated for resistance to both bacterial wilt and to Phytophthora blight in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Plants which were highly resistant to both bacterial wilt and Phytophthora blight were selected for development of the next generations.

가압유동층연소로에서 국내무연탄의 황산화물 배출특성

한근희,송용식,류정인,손재익,진경태 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

본 연구는 가압유동충연소로에서 국내 무연탄을 연소함에 있어서 SO_2 배출농도에 대하여 고찰하였다. Bench scale PFBC에서 석탁을 연소하는 동안에 탈황제로 식회석을 사용하였으며, 배가스의 배출특성을 조사함에 있어서 SO_2의 제어에 주안점을 두었다. 석탁은 강원도 태백지역에서 채탄된 무연탄이고, 석회석은 강원도 삼척지역에서 얻은 것이다. 실험장치는 층 직경 0.17m, freeboard 직경 0.25m이고, 총 높이가 5m로 이루어졌다. 실험은 운전압력(1-6 atm), 운전온도(850-950℃), 과잉공기(10-30%), Ca/S 몰비(0.8-4.8)의 조건으로 수행하였다. 결과적으로 최대 탈황율을 보인 층(bed)온도는 1, 2 기압일 때 850℃, 4 기압일때 900℃, 6 기압일 때 950℃로 나타났다. 또 탈황율은 모든 실험조건에서 운전압력, Ca/s 몰비, 과잉공기가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 국내무연탄의 가압유동충연소시 안정적인 SO_2의 배출을 위하여 각각의 운전압력에서 적정한 Ca/S 몰비는 2 기압 이하일때 Ca/S≥4.8, 4기압일 때 Ca/S=4.8, 6 기압 이상일때 Ca/S≤4.8를 보였다. This study was to investigate the SO_2 emission with Korean anthracite in a PFBC (Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor). This work focuses on the control of SO_2, one of the severe air pollutants in flue gas, emission characteristics by injecting sorbent during the combustion of coal in a bench scale PFBC. The coal and limestone used in this work were Taeback anthracite and Samchuck limestone, respectively, in Korea. The effects of operation parameters such as pressure (1-6 atm), bed temperature (850-950℃), excess air ratio(10-30%), and Ca/S mole(0.8-4.8) on desulfurization was investigated in PFBC(0.17m of bed diamether, 0.25m of freeboard diameter and 5.0m height). The bed temperature showing maximum sulfur capture increased from 850℃ at 1 and 2 atm. to 950℃ at 6 atm. with 10% of excess air ratio. Sulfur capture increased as excess air ratio increased at all experimental condition. Both the sulfur capture and the temperature showing maximum sulfur capture increased as operation pressure increased. It was recognized that Ca/S mole ratio higher than 4.8 was needed below 2 atm. and lower Ca/S mole ratio than 4.8 was needed at 4 and 6 atm. for the stable SO_2 emission in combustion of Korean anthracite.

Cheek Flap을 이용한 안면부 재건

한예식,홍인식,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4

There are several technique for facial reconstruction using local, regional and distant flaps. Most of these techniques require multiple stages, leave poor color match, and create serious complications at donor site. Since 1959, a wide variety of defects in the eyelid and cheek have been reconstructed with Mustarde's cheek flap. This can mobilize a large area to be rotated into the defect, and effectively cover a relatively large defect with minimal distortion and with good color match. Advantage of the cheek flap include easy accessibility and operative technique. In the old age group that present most commonly with eyelid malignancies, there is sufficient laxity of the skin, and therefore, abundant tissue is available to reconstruct the lower lid. Problems which can develop with this flap include hematoma, infection, or flap necrosis early in the postoperative course. Late complications include problems resulting mainly from skin tension and gravity, causing ectropion or lateral canthal distortion. The author experienced excellent functional and esthetic result form 15 cases of facial reconstruction with Mustsarde's cheek flap. We reviewed history and surgical techniques of this flap referring the literature.

사람 갑상선자극호르몬 수용체를 발현하는 Chinese Hamster Ovary(hTSHR-CHO)세포를 이용한 자극형 갑상선자극호르몬 수용체 항체 활성 측정의 임상적 유용성

한희정,원진호,채수홍,김현진,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

Detection of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR) autoantibodies has clinical value in establishing the diagnosis of Graves ' disease, and in predicting its clinical course with high sensitivity and high specificity. Especially, TBII using radioreceptor assay has been widely used. Recently, for detecting thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb), a sensitive method using human TSH receptor-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO) cells has been developed and clinically used. The aims of this study are to determine the change and discrepancy of 2 TSHR autoantibodics in clinical course and to evaluate the correlation between 2 autoantibodies. We measured TSAb and TBII in 30 newly diagnosed and untreated patients and in 73 previously diagnosed as Graves ' disease and treated with antithyroid drug. Also we compared the changes of the antibodies in clinical course and correlation between 2 antibodies. Thes results are summarized follows. 1. In newly diagnosed patients, all of the 30 patients had positive TBII and/or TSAb. None of them had negative TBII and negative TSAb. And in newly diagnosed patients, mean TBII and mean TSAb values are 46.8% and 361%, respectively. In 73 treated patients mean values are 18. 7% and 196% each other. Therefore, newly diagnosed group has significant greater TBII and TSAb than antithyroid drug-treated group. 2. TBII was significantly different between euthyroid group and thyrotoxic group in antithyroid drug-treated patients, but TSAb was not. 3. TBII was sequentially decreased as increased medication duration, but TSAb was not shown sequential decrease as increased medication duration. 4. There was significant negative correlation between cumulative doses of antithyroid drug and TBII, but no significant correlation between cumulative doses and TSAb. 6. There was significant positive correlation between TBII and TSAb in total patients group and in antithyroid drug medication group, but not in newly diagnosed group. In conclusion, in Graves ' disease patients, detection of TSHR antibodies are clinical values in establishing the diagnosis and prediction of clinical course. A method detecting TSAb using hTSHR-CHO cells should be further studied for standardization of measurement, and for detecting the changes of TSAb in clinical course, long-term follow-up of patients are important.

어린이에게 사용되는 가철식 교정장치용 clasp의 유지력비교

한정재,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 어린이에게 사용되고 있는 가철식 교정장치를 위한 clasp에 대하여 각 디자인간 유지력의 차이를 평가하고자 함이다. 상악 유견치와 제 1, 2유구치 및 제 1 대구치를 단일 치아 모형과 두 개의 인접 치아 형태로 금속 주모형을 제작한 후 clasp를 종류에 따라 형성하여 각 모형에 대한 clasp의 유지력을 측정하였다. Clasp의 종류에 따른 유지력을 서로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 단일치아에서 유지력을 얻는 clasp중 Jackson clasp와 Adams clasp는 다른 clasp에 비하여 높은 유지력을 나타냈으며, C clasp는 가장 낮은 유지력을 나타냈다. (p<0.05) 2. 두 개이상 치아의 치간부 undercut을 이용하는 clasp중 eyelet clasp가 가장 큰 유지력을 보여주었고 triangular clasp, ball clasp순으로 낮은 유지력을 보여주었다. (p<0.05) The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive forces of various types of clasps for removable orthodontic appliances for primary and mixed dentition. Seven metal models of a single tooth and two teeth were made, including axillary left primary canine, first primary molar, second primary molar and first molar. Retentive forces of Adams clasp, circumferential clasp(C clasp), Jackson clasp, Duyzing clasp, arrowhead clasp, ball clasp, eyelet clasp, and triangular clasp were measured by Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Germany). The obtained results were as follows. 1. Jackson clasp and Adams clasp showed the highest retentive force among single tooth clasps. 2. C clasp showed the lowest retentive force, and there was no statistically significant difference in retentive force between mesial end C clasp and distal end C clasp. 3. Eyelet clasp showed the highest, and ball clasp showed the lowest retentive force among clasps for interdental undercut. 4. Triangular clasp showed higher retentive force than ball clasp.