[Hyun-seok Oh] 이미지로 세상을 편집하기

오현석(Hyun-seok Oh) (주)월간사진 2024 월간 사진 Vol.671 No.-

간세포암과 감별이 어려웠던 악성중피종 치험 1예

김선문,허원석,채경훈,강윤세,정재훈,김연수,박기오,문희석,이엄석,김석현,성재규,이병석,이헌영,신경숙,조준식,송인상,강대영 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm that arises from the mesothelium of a serosal cavity and is a rapidly fatal disease with a median survival of 4 to 12 months for untreated cases. Recently, we experienced a case with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma who was suspected hepatocelluar carcioma by abdominal CT scan and was confirmed by biopsy including immunohistochemical stain(calretinin) after surgery. We performed tumor excisions and wedge resection of the liver(segment Ⅷ)and inserted Tencoff catheter in abdominal cavity at 25th day of post-operation. We treated with intraperitoneal paclitaxel(25mg/m^(2)/day for 5 days) six courses monthly. She was well tolerable and is still living without any evidence of recurrence for 14th month of post-operation.

경기도 용인시(경희대학교) 주변지역의 지하수 오염현황

오종민,김홍석,진현오,윤세철 경희대학교 환경연구소 1998 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Recently, the concern about groundwater pollution is increasing. And, groundwater was one of the major water resource used as drinking water by eighty percent of the world population, and its utility as industry water, agriculture water, fresh water was increasing. But, when pollution material was found in housing well, by purifying polluted water, the area of doing thorough conservation management was few. Thus, if water resource being regard as unlimited source, the right view of nature and scientific utility were essential because of the problem of its value. The purpose of this study was that investigated groundwater quality pollution condition in the part areas of Kyunggi-do Suwon Si, Yong-In Si, proposed to efficient management plan for pollution occurrence prevention and groundwater quality development by surveying groundwater pollution source. The result of the study was that the groundwater by use purpose could systematically manage water quality since development beginning, management system about groundwater development with use can established.

토양으로부터 항세균성 물질을 생산하는 Streptomyces sp. 의 분리

오현정,정완석,김세재,김창진,고영환 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

제주도의 토양에서 분리된 방선균 307주를 대상으로, paper disc법과 시험관 희석 배양법을 사용하여 항세균성 물질을 생산하는 균주를 선별하였다. 약 3.3%에 상당하는 분리주들이 Escherichia coli 8749, Staphylococcus aureus 6538 그리고 Pseudomonas solanacearum 10692에 대해 항균효과를 나타냈고, 그 중에서 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내는 BL93 균주를 최종선별하여 동정하였다. BL93 균주의 배양학적, 형태학적, 생리학적, 생화학적 그리고 화학분류학적 특성을 기준으로 볼 때 Streptomyces violaceus와 유사하였기에, Streptomyces sp. BL93으로 명명하였다. 이 균주가 생산하는 항세균성 물질은 butanol보다도 물에 더 잘 녹는 극성화합물로 chloroform이나 ethylacetate에는 거의 용해되지 않았다. 100℃에서 30분간 가열 처리해도 활성의 소실이 거의 없었고, pH 3∼9범위에서 안정하였다. 분리균주 BL93은 aspartocin을 생산하는 Streptomyces violaceus와 유사함으로, BL93이 생산하는 항세균성 물질의 동정 및 aspartocin과의 비교 검토가 선행되어야 할 것이다. Three hundred and seven isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated and purified from soil samples in Cheju Is. to screen antibacterial compounds. About 3.3% of the isolates showed antibacterial activity, and one of them, BL93, showed relatively higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 8749, Staphylococcus aureus 6538 and Pseudomonas solanacearum 10692 by both paper disc method and tube dilution incubation method. The isolate BL93 was similar to Streptomyces violaceus based upon its cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxanomic characteristics. It was designated as Streptomyces sp. BL93. The antibacterial substance produced by the isolate BL93 had higher affinity for water than butanol and was insoluble in chloroform or ethylacetate. Most of its antibacterial activity was retained even after heating at 100℃ for 30min and was stable at pH ranges 3 to 9. As the isolate BL93 was tentatively identified to be Streptomyces violaceus, the antibacterial substance preferentially need to be identified and compared with aspartocin, an antimicrobial compound produced by Streptomyces violaceus.

Rat의 포유조절에 따른 난소와 유선의 조직학적 성상

오석두,윤창현 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2000 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.13 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate how the lactation regulation such as restricted-lactation, early weaning during the suckling period influences on ovarian functions in primiparous rats, on the bases of change in histological characteristics of ovary and mammary gland. 1. The ovaries of rats in middle lactation stage maintained the functional corpora lutea full of cytoplasm, and those of rats in late lactation stage contained matured ovarian follicles. 2. The milk was found full in the mammary gland tissue of NL rats, but short in the tissue of RL rats, and all the alveolar tissues were degraded in mammary gland of weaned rats. The alveoli structures of mammary gland of NL rats were uniformed on Day 10, but such uniformity was lost greatly on Day 20.

장루 보유자의 생활 만족도 조사

서현석,이석환,고영관,오수명,윤충,주흥재,이기형 대한대장항문학회 1998 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.14 No.3

동아시아 경제통합의 전망과 과제

현오석 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2006 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.5 No.-

Economic relations of countries within the East Asian region have been getting stronger in recent years. With China that has achieved rapid economic growth as a central force, countries in the East Asian region have increased the share of intra-regional trade in their trade. On the investment front, for some years, intra-regional investment was mostly concentrated on China. However, in recent years, East Asian countries have been actively looking for more investment opportunities following China. The East Asian region is also more actively working on bilateral Free Trade Agreements(FTAs) than any other continent on the globe. Countries in this region have shown a great interest in establishing an East Asia Free Trade Agreement(EAFTA) bringing the whole East Asian region into a single economic zone based on current regional FTAs. There is an expectation that an EAFTA may be realized by 2008. If an EAFTA was concluded, its economic scale would surpass that of the North Atrerican Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and resulting effects would be much considerable. However, it is difficult to guarantee that an EAFTA would be created by simply integrating various regional or bilateral FTAs to form a single economic community. The degree and scope of liberalization in the ASEAN integration model that has been suggested so far has turned out to be not enough to lead to an EAFTA. Therefore, it is more realistic that an EAFTA can be eventually materialized through establishing a China-ASEAN FTA, Korea-ASEAN FTA and Japan-ASEAN FTA, to which a Korea-Japan FTA, Korea-China FTA and China-Japan FTA are added.Bilateral FTAs which are now underway should serve as a foundation in creating an EAFTA. Furthermore, if these bilateral FTAs were to serve as a springboard in establishing an Asian economic community, there are a lot of obstacles to be tackled before achieving that goal. First of all, bilateral FTAs that are currently underway should be developed into more comprehensive ones. Simultaneously, mutual conformity of each individual FTA should be enhanced. In addition, the scope of FTA negotiations should include not only liberalization of commodities, but also a wide range of areas such as services, investment,intellectual property rights, competition policies, and economic cooperation, etc. What'smore, there must be more efforts to reduce the length of exception list in the liberalizationof commodities and the service sector. As there is an enormous gap in the national income among countries in the East Asian region and they have different industrial structures, it would not be easy for a simple horizontal integration to help achieve such a comprehensive FTA down the road. Therefore, it will be desirable to provide assistance programs for underdeveloped countries and to find a way for a mutual existence in the area of agriculture, the biggest obstacle in the process of establishing an intra-regional FTA. For individual countriesin the region, they should take a more positive action to facilitate restructuring of less competitive industries than other areas. In addition, there should be a consensus on the scope of participation in the EAFTA and relationships with other countries outside the region like the US. Although the scope of an EAFTA will first include the ASEAN plus three, which groups ASEAN with Korea, China and Japan, the settlement should be made about its relationships with the US, Oceania, and India which have a great influence on the economy and security of the East Asian region. There are substantial political and economic obstacles standing in the way of realizing EAFTA. Politically, the perception of a common destiny and regional identity has not been fully developed in East Asia Mistrust between China and Japan, arising from historyand the emerging rivalry for Asian leadership, may be difficult to overcome in the immediate future. Economically, because of the wide differences in development levels and different ambitions for liberalization, the regional countries will want to open up at different paces and protect different sensitive sectors. These are difficult challenges. But judging from the experience of regionalism elsewhere, they should not be insurmountable. 최근 동아시아지역 내에서는 경제적 밀접도가 점점 높아가고 있다. 급속한 경제성장을 이룩한 중국을 중심으로 동아시아 지역 내 국가들은 역내 거래 비중이 높아지고 있고, 투자 또한 그 동안 중국에 집중 되었지만 최근에는 중국에서 탈피, 여타 ASEAN 국가로의 투자도 확대되는 추세이다. 동아시아 지역은 또한 현재 세계 어느 지역보다도 양자간 자유무역협정 (FT A: Free Trade Agreement)이 활발하게 추진되고 있다. 그리고 현재 진행되고 있는 역내 양자간 FTA를 바탕 으로 동아시아 전체를 하나로 묶는 FTA. 즉 동아시아 자유무역협정 (EAFTA: East Asia Free Trade Agreement)에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 2008년쯤이면 EAFTA가 실현될 것이라는 전망도 나오고 있다. EAFTA가 실현된다면 그 경제 규모는 현재 NAFTA를 능가하는 수준이며, 그 파급효과도 매우 클 것임에 틀림없다. 그러나 지금의 동아시아 역내 국가 간의 FTA가 EAFTA로 확대 발전될 수 있을 지에 대해서는 쉽게 장담할 수 없는 상황이다. 왜냐하면 지금까지 제시되고 있는 ASEAN 통합 모델을보면 자유화 정도나 그 포괄범위가 상당히 낮은 수준이어서 EAFTA로 이어지기에는 매우미흡하기 때문이다. 따라서 EAFTA는 결국 중-ASEAN, 일-ASEAN, 한-ASEAN이 체결되고 여기에 한 일, 한-중과 함께 중-일이 통합되는 것이 더 현실적일 것이다. 현재 진행되고 있는 양자간 FTA가 EAFTA의 기반이 되어야 하고, 더 나아가 「아시아공동체」구축의 출발점이 되려면 앞으로 해결해야 할 과제가 산적해 있다. 우선 현재 진행되고있는 양자간 FTA는 한 층 더 높은 수준의 FTA되어야 하고, 동시에 각 FTA 상호간의 정합성을 제고시켜야 한다. FTA 대상에 상품자유화 뿐만 아니라 서비스, 투자, 지적재산권, 경쟁정책, 경제협력 등 다양한 분야를 포합할 필요가 있으며, 상풍 및 서비스 분야의 자유화 수준 또한 예외를 최소한으로 하는 노력이 있어야 한다. 또한 현재 동아시아 내에서는 국가별 소득 수준의 차이가 심하고 산업구조도 상이하여 단순한 수평적 결합으로는 높은 수준의 FTA체결이 어렵다. 저개발국가에 대한 지원 프로그램이나 역내 FTA 체결에 가장 큰 걸림돌인 농산물 분야에서 상호 공존 방안도 찾아야 할것이다. 국가별로는 취약한 산업분야에 대한 구조조정 추진에 보다 적극적인 자세가 필요하다. 그리고 EAFTA 참여 범위와 향후 미국 등 역외국과의 관계에 대해서도 합의가 이뤄져야할 것이다. EAFTA의 범위가 우선적으로는 ASEAN+3이 되겠지만 경제적으로나 안보적으로나 동아시아에 영향력이 큰 미국, 대양주, 인도 등에 대한 관계도 정립되어야 할 것이다. EAFTA를 실현하는 데에는 현실적인 정치적, 경제적인 장애물도 있다. 정치적으로는 동아시아내 국가들은 아직 공동 목표와 지역적 동질성에 대한 인식이 충분하게 성숙되지 않은 상태이다. 역사 문제와 아시아 리더에 대한 라이벌 의식에서 야기되는 중국과 일본 간의 불신도 가까운 장래에 극복되기 어려울 것이다. 경제적으로는 동아시아 국가들 사이에 경제적 발전 수준이나 자유화 요구 수준이 크게 차이가 나고 있어 이들 각국이 원하는 개방 속도나 민감 분야가 국가별로 크게 다를 수 있다 이처럼 EAFTA 실현에는 많은 어려운 과제들이 많지만, 여타 지역에서 진행되고 있는 지역주의를 감안한다면 이런 과제들은 반드시 극복되어야 할 것이다.

Squalene Adjuvant를 이용한 단백질 항원의 세포성 면역반응 유도

도현주,김성열,안종성,하영주,이승찬,오재택,장명호,정홍석,문홍모,박해준 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

To investigate the role of adjuvant for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induction, squalene-based adjuvant was studied its capability eliciting to the induction of cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity to exogeneous proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as model proteins. It was demonstrated that antigen formulation consisted of metabolizable oil squalene mixed with Tween 80 and pluronic L121 (S/TJ121) could induced the antigen specific CTL responses and antibodies irrespective of immunization routes in mice. We also demonstrated that this antigen formulation was a inducer of CD8+, major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I-restricted, and antigen-specific C;1'Ls. These data suggest that the squalene-based emulsion system is a potent adjuvant inducing cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity.

煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 開發에 關한 硏究

鄭鉉丞,李乙熙,金哲旭,宋瑛敏,吳錫斗 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1990 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라에서 年間 50萬M/T 生産廢水處理되는 魚汁中의 蛋白質, U.G.F., Ca等과 991萬M/T 生産廢棄되는 煉炭灰中의 Fe, Zn等의 微量鑛物質을 混合한 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料(FBF:Fish-soluble-abosorbed briquette ash feed)를 開發하기 爲하여 一次로 1981年부터 1984年까지 煉炭灰의 成分分析과 煉炭灰 添加給與試驗을 哺乳中仔豚과 育成-肥育豚에 實施하였고 哺乳中 仔豚에 實施하고 있는 1, 2次 鐵分注射代用 給與試驗을 거쳐 添加給與飼料化 可能性 確認後 1985年부터 1989年까지 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 製造하여 5∼10% 添加 給與試驗結果 優秀한 成績이 나타났으므로 3%, 5%, 10% 水準을 代替配給한 飼料를 製造하여 哺乳仔豚의 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果, 育成期, 肥育期, 育性-肥育期의 飼養試驗, 試驗飼料의 製造,貯藏性, 消化率 및 經濟性, 豚의 背脂肪層,屠體率, 血液像 等으로 調査한 바 다음과 같다. 1. 煉炭灰와 煉炭의 一般成分 및 鑛物質 分析結果 煉炭灰의 成分含量은 수분(0.15%), 조단백질(0.52%), 조지방(0%), 조섬유(4.13%), NFE(0%), 조회분(95.35%), Ca(0.807%), P(0.074%), K(0.138%), Na(0.025%), Mg(0.183%), Fe(3,769mg/kg), Mn(98mg/kg), Zn(139mg/kg) 및 Cu(21.0mg/kg)이였고 煉炭은 NFE(10.96%), 조회분(71.35%), Ca(0.224%), P(0.043%), K(0.158%), Na(0.039%), Mg(0.191%), Fe(7,385mg/kg), Mn(116mg/kg), Zn(306mg/kg) 및 Cu(17.5mg/kg)이었다. 2. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料成分 分析 煉炭灰 500g에 濃縮魚汁量을 50g에서 250g 및 1,250g 乾物換算(1:1) 水準까지 混合시킨 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 成分含量은 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일때는 各各 11.69% 및 31.31%와 2.61% 및 10.6%로 增加하였고 粗纖維와 粗灰分은 各各 5.51% 및 3.86%와 62.82% 및 50.42%로 감소하였다. 아미노酸 成分에서 lysine의 境遇 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일 때 0.19%로 나타났으나 濃縮魚汁量 增加에 比例하여 250g일 때 0.75%로 나타났다. 기타의 아미노酸들도 濃縮 魚汁量이 增加할수록 아미노산 含量이 높게 나타나는 傾向을 보였다. 鑛物質成分은 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn 및 Co등은 濃縮魚汁量인 높을수록 높게 나타났다. 3. 哺乳中의 成長期와 離乳後 育成-肥育期에 微量鑛物質 供給濟로서 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 增體量은 配合飼料 單飼區보다 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰 給與區가 多少 높았으나 有意性은 認定되지 않았다(p>0.05). (2) 飼料效率은 配合飼料單飼區(4.71)보다 煉炭灰 給與 育成肥育區(4.84)가 약간 낮게 나타났다. (3) 仔豚育成區에서는 飼料效率이 3.0이었으며 萎縮豚에 效果가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. (4) 經濟性 分析結果 1kg增體當 飼料肥로 換算하면 配合飼料單飼區(829원)에서 比해 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰區(852원)가 23원이 增加하였다. (5) 仔豚育成區에서는 1kg 增體當 528원이 소요되었다. (6) 煉炭灰의 嗜好性은 좋은 편이었고 건강상태도 양호했다. 4. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 效果 및 離乳仔豚의 育成期에 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 煉炭灰를 3, 5, 7% 水準으로 添加 給與하였을 때 (1) 哺乳中 鐵分注射 代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食 시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. (2) 增體量은 煉炭灰를 3% 添加 給與하였을 때 가장 좋게 나타났다(P>0.05). (3) 飼料要求量은 對照區와 處理區間에는 큰 差異가 없었다(p>0.05). (4) 1kg增體에 所要된 飼料費는 T1(3% 첨가구), T2(5% 첨가), C 및 T3(7% 첨가구)에서 636.40, 646.72, 672.52 및 684.56원이었다. (5) 對照區에 比해 處理區에서의 血色素 含量은 암·수 供히 良好하였다. 5. 母豚과 哺乳仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을때의 乳汁을 通한 鐵分이 哺乳仔豚에 미치는 影響과 哺乳仔豚이 直接 採食하므로서 哺乳中 實施하는 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果는 (1) 生後 3週間의 體重은 本 大學(5.27kg)이 原種豚(5.00kg)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. (2) 育成數 및 育成率은 本 大學(8.0頭, 86.0%)이 原種豚(8.3頭, 88.3%)보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 離乳時 體重은 本 大學(17.8kg)이 原種豚(17.4kg) 보다 多少 높게 나타났다. (4) 分娩時期와 哺乳仔豚數가 같은 區에서 鐵分注射區와 煉炭灰給與區間의 比較成績은 煉炭灰給與區가 多少 좋게 나타났으나 有意差는 없었다(p>0.05). (5) 哺乳中 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. 5. 哺乳仔豚에 2回 實施하고 있는 鐵分注射를 1回로 줄이고 哺乳母豚과 仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 哺乳中 21日齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(4.48kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(4.43kg)보다 苦干 좋게 나타났다. (2) 離乳時體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(16.8kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(17.4kg) 보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 15週齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(48.85kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(46.0kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (4) 終了時 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(78.3kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(71.6kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (5) 日當 增體量은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(0.589kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(0.537kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (6) 飼料效率은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(2.32)가 鐵分注射 2回區(2.34)보다 낮게 나타났다. (7) 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區의 健康狀態는 正常이었다. 以上의 結果로 生後 3週齡까지의 鐵分注射 1回代替로서 煉炭灰 給與가 可能하고 育成-肥育 前期까지 微量鑛物質 供給源으로 煉炭灰 給與效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 1981年부터 1984年까지 4年間 돼지에 煉炭灰를 급여하였을 때 鐵分注射代用 및 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 效果를 究明하기 위하여 본 대학 부속목장에서 실시한 결과를 綜合的으로 考察해 본 것이다. 대체적으로 姙娠中 암돼지에 煉炭灰給與區와 대조구간에 나타난 仔豚의 生時體重, 21日齡 體重, 56日齡 體重은 有意的인 差異가 없었다. 育成率은 煉炭灰給與區가 優秀하였다. 離乳後 계속 煉炭灰를 給與한 育成豚은 대조구보다 15週齡 체중, 일당증체량 및 사료효율이 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과를 綜合 考察할 때 平素에 煉炭灰를 먹이면 仔豚에 鐵分注射를 아니해도 이상이 없고 育成豚은 微量鑛物質 不足으로 발생하는 여러 가지 疾病이 발생하지 아니하였으므로 煉炭灰를 먹였을 때 돼지의 성장 및 飼料費 節減에 效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 8. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 育成期에 5%, 肥育期에는 10%를 添加하여 飼養試驗하였을 때 (1) 日當 增體量은 試驗區(784.52g)가 對照區(645.24g)보다 높게 나타났다. (2) 飼料攝取量은 試驗區(185.53kg)가 對照區(165.46kg)보다 높게 나타났으며, (3) 飼料效率은 試驗區(2.82)가 對照區(3.05)보다 有意的으로 높게 나타났다. (4) 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 添加 飼養으로서 1kg 增體當 飼料費가 49.45원이 節減되었다. (5) 90kg 到達日齡은 試驗區(155日)가 對照區(169日)보다 14日이 短縮되었다. 9. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 代替水準(0%, 3%, 5%, 10%)別 飼養試驗成績은 (1) 育成期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 C(0%), T1(3%), T2(5%), T3(10%) 水準別로 代替 配合한 飼料로 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 試驗區가 T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g으로 對照區의 618g 보다 높게 나타났으며, ② 1일 飼料攝取量은 T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg의 順으로 魚汁吸着飼料量이 增加함에 따라 증가하였다. ③ 增體量은 T2(38.47kg)>T3(38.20kg)>T1(36.83kg)>對照區(34.59kg)의 順으로 T2區가 가장 높게 나타났고, 飼料要求率도 T2(2.32), T1(2.36), T3(2.37)區의 순으로 좋게 나타났으며 全般的으로 處理區가 對照區(2.49)에 比하여 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. ④ 1kg 增體當 飼料單價는 T2區가 291.24원으로 가장 낮게 나타났고 對照區에 比해 1kg 增體當 24.62원의 節減效果가 나타났다. ⑤ 育成期飼料의 消化率은 對照區의 處理區間에 有意적인 差異가 없었고 貯藏期間에는 成分의 變化없이 安定한 것으로 나타났다. (2) 肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 T3(779.33g)와 T2(752g)에서 對照區(674g) 보다 높았고 (p<0.01) 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡도 試驗區에서 良好한 成績을 나타내었다. ② 肥育飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이나 有意的인 差異는 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的인 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層 두께는 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(386.81원), T1(374.19원), T2(347.79원) 및 T3(33699원)로써 試驗區의 飼料費가 절감되었다. (3) 育成-肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 增體量, 日當增體量, 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡 等에서 對照區에 比하여 FBF를 5%(T2), 10%(T3) 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 良好하게 나타났다 (p>0.01). ② 育成期 및 肥育期飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이었으나 有意性은 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 代替 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層은 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm 보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg當 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(350.77원), T1(336.32원), T2(320.89원), T3區(316.11원)의 순으로써 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加時 飼料費가 節減되었다. 10. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料와 濃縮魚汁을 配合飼料에 各各 10%씩 代替 給與하였을 때 (1) 終了時體重과 日當增體量은 對照區(94.05kg, 678g)에 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 代替區(98.65kg, 752g) 및 濃縮魚汁代替區(95.40kg, 709g)順으로 나타났다. (2) 飼料效率은 對照區에 (3.65) 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着代替區(3.24) 및 濃縮魚汁 代替區(3.40)에서 良好하게 나타났다. (3) 1kg增體當 所要飼料費는 煉炭灰 魚汁代替區(369.33), 濃縮魚汁代替區(388.15), 對照區(413.56)의 順으로 나타났다. (4) 90kg到達日齡은 煉炭灰魚汁 代替區(162.1), 濃縮魚汁 代替區(163.7) 및 對照區(166.9)의 順으로 短縮되었다. 11. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料給與 飼養時의 血液狀은 赤血球, 血色素量, 赤血球容積 및 白血球數는 無處理區에서 높은 편이고, 平均赤血球容積, 平均血球血色素量, 平均赤血球血色素濃度는 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加區에서 약간 높았으나, 白血球 鑑別計劃數를 包含한 이들 血液像은 正常値 範圍內였다. 12. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 給與하였을 때 (1) 日當 飼料攝取量은 對照區 408g 보다 處理區가 418g으로 10g이 더 높았다 (p<0.01). (2) 平均 日當增體量은 對照區 222.94g 보다 處理區가 296.89g이 더 높았다(p<0.01). (3) 飼料效率은 對照區 1.83 보다 處理區가 1.41로 改善되었다. (4) 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 自由採食 시켰을 때 仔豚의 健康狀態의 發育成績은 比較的 良好하였다. 13. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 代替 水準別 配合飼料製造費用은 1kg當 單價로서 育成期 配合飼料는 代替水準 0%가 125.34원, 3%가 125.56원, 5%가 126.03원 및 10%가 125.43원으로 나타났고, 肥育期飼料는 0% 113.31원, 3% 113.52, 5% 113.68, 10% 114.10원으로 나타났다 (煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 1kg當 生産費 100원 基準). 以上의 結果를 보아 廢棄物인 煉炭灰와 廢水處理되는 魚汁을 混合하여 飼料資源化하므로써 飼料費節減, 飼料效率改善, 營養素利用 增進, 環境汚染防止, 公害處理, 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 開發 活用으로써 導入飼料外貨 節減效果와 養畜農家의 所得增大에 이바지할 것으로 生覺된다. In Korea, 500,000M/T of fish soluble and 9,910,000M/T of briquette-ash are yearly produced and discarded as waste materials. A series of experiments was performed to develop fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) in order to utilize the protein, UGF, Ca contained in the abandoned fish soluble and Fe, Zn, and other microminerals in the discarded briquette-ash. From the year 1981 to 1984 the chemical composition of briquette-ash was analyzed and its feeding effects on sucking, growing and fattening pigs were studied. Also the effects of briquette-ash addition for substituting Fe injection in pigs at sucking were examined. After the potential of briquette-ash feed was proved, from the year 1985 to 1989 fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) was made and previously fed from 5 to 10%, subsequently, 3, 5, and 10% of pig ration was substituted by FBF and its effects on sucking pig as substitution for Fe injection, its feeding effects on growing, fattening and growing-fattening pigs, changes during storage, digestibility, economics, backfat thickness and hematological values were examined and gave results as follows. 1. Analysis of proximate composition and mineral contents of briquette and briquette-ash. Briquette-ash contained moisture(0.15%), C·protein (0.52%), C·fat (0%), C·fiber (4.13%), NFE (0%), C·ash (95.35%), Ca (0.807%), P (0.074%), K (0.138%), Na (0.025%), Mg (0.025%), Mg (0.183%), Fe (3,769mg/kg), Mn (98mg/kg), Zn (139mg/kg), Cu (21.0mg/kg). And in the briquette contained NFE (10.96%), C·ash (71.35%), Ca (0.224%), P (0.043%), K (0.158%), Na (0.039%), Mg (0.19%), Fe (7,385mg/kg), Mn (116mg/kg), Zn (306mg/kg), Cu (17.5mg/kg). 2. Analysis of Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF). To study the effects of feeding Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF) in pigs, firstly the chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents of briquette ash absorbed concentrated fish solubles were analyzed. Increasing absorbed rate of concentrated fish soluble to briquette ash, chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents resulted higher. 3. When the briquette-ash was fed ad libitum to sucking and growing-fattening pigs as micromineral supplements; (1) Body weight gain was little higher in the briquette-ash supplied group than control(p>0.05). (2) In the growing-fattening pig, feed efficiency was better in the control group (4.71) than the briquette-ash supplied group (4.84). (3) In the weaning pig the feed efficiency was 3.0 and suplemental effects of briquette-ash were outstanding in atrophic pigs. (4) Making economical analysis by term of feed cost per kg weight gain, in the briquette-ash supplemented group, the feed cost was increased to 852 won where it was 829 won in the control group. (5) In the weaning pig group, 528 won was used per kg weight gain. (6) The palatability of briquette-ash was good and healty conditions were normal, too. 4. When the briquette-ash was supplemented in 3%(T1), 5%(T2) and 10%(T3) to the sucking, weaning and growing pigs; (1) When the briquette-ash was fed as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs, the growing state and health conditions were good enough. (2) Body weight gain was best when 3% of briquette-ash was supplemented(p>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in feed efficiency(p>0.05). (4) Feed costs required per kg weight gain for T1, T2 and T3 were 636.40, 672.52 and 684.56 won respectively. (5) Hematological values of treatment group were in normal range. 5. Effects of briquette-ash addition as substitution for Fe injection when breeding and sucking pigs are fed with briquette-ash. (1) The pig of this college (5.27kg) had slightly heavier average weight at the age fo 3 wks. than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station(5.00kg). (2) The purebred (8.3pigs. 88.3%) had higher litter size and survival rate at weaning than the pig of this college. (3) The pig of this college (17.8kg) had slightly heavier average weight at weaning than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station (17.4kg). (4) In the group equal to farrowing season and litter size at sucking, there were nonsignificant defferences for the reproductive traits between briquette-ash addition and Fe injection group. (5) When fed liberally, briquette-ash as the substitute for Fe injection in sucking pig, there is relatively superior tendency to the growth and health conditions in pigs. 6. When the Fe injection was reduced to once and briquette-ash was supplied liberally; (1) Pig weight at 21 days was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice. (2) Pig weight at weaning(16.8kg) was lower in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice (17.4kg). (3) Pig weight at 15 wks. was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injecte Fe once (48.85kg) than in those injected Fe twice (46.0kg). (4) Final body weight was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (78.3kg) than in those injected Fe twice (71.6kg). (5) Feed efficiency was better in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (2.32) than in those injected Fe twice (2.34) (6) The health conditions of the pigs feeding briquette-ash injected Fe once were normal. (7) The results obtainced in this study suggest that briquette-ash feeding can substitute Fe injection effectively supplementing sufficient microminerals from growing to fattening. 7. The results of feeding briquette-ash to pigs during 4 years from 1981 to 1984 in substitution for Fe injection and as micromineral supplements are reviewed. Generally, when sows are fed briquette-ash ad libitum, there were no significant differences in birth weight, weight at 21 days and weight at 56 days. The survival rate was better in the briquette-ash supplemented group. However when the briquette-ash was supplied continuously after weaning, there were significant differences in weight at 15 days, weight gain and feed efficiency. In conclusion, it might be suggested that the pigs farrowed from sows fed ad libitum briquette-ash could grow without Fe injection and when fed briquette-ash ad libitum, it can prevent micromineral deficiency and gain body weight more rapidly. 8. When FBF was added by 5% in the growing pig ration and 10% in the fattening pig ration; (1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (784.52g) than the control group (645.24g). (2) Feed intake was higher in the treatment group (185.53kg) than the control group (165.46kg). (3) Feed efficiency was significantly higher in the treatment group (2.82) than the control group (3.05). (4) Adding FBF in ration, 49.45 won was saved per kg body weight gain. (5) Ages at 90kg were shortened by 14 days in the treatment group (155d) than the control group (169d). 9. Effects of levels 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2), and 10%(T3) of substitution of FBF (1) Growing period 1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g) than the control group (618g). 2) Daily feed intake was in order of T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg. it increased according to the level of fish soluble. 3) Body weight gain was in order of T2:38.47kg>T3:38.20kg>T1:36.83kg>C:34.59kg. Feed efficiency was in order of T2:2.32>T3:2.37>T1:2.36>C:2.49. Generally the treatment group was better than the control group. 4) Feed cost per kg weight gain was lowest in T2(291.24won) and it saved 24.62won per kg weight gain compared to the control group. 5) There was no significant difference in the digestibility of growing diets and it was stable during the storage period. (2) Fattening period 1) Daily weight gain was higher in T3 (779.33g) and T2 (752.0g) than control (674.0g) significantly (p<0.01). Feed efficiency and ages at 90kg were also better in the treatment group. 2) Digestibility was improved in the treatment group by not signivicantly. 3) Until the 7th day of storaging period, the chemical composition of FBF added ration decreased but it did not show any change until the 27th day. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p>0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p>0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 386.81 won in control, 374.91won in T1, 347.79 in T2 and 336.99won in T3. As result feed costs were saved adding FBF in the ration. (3) Growing-fattening period 1) Weight gain, feed efficiency and ages at 9kg were significantly higher in FBF added T2(5%) and T3(10%) group. 2) Digestibility of growing and fattening diet was improved in the treatment group but not significantly. 3) The chemical composition of FBF added ration decreassed slightly till the day 7 of storaging period. But after 7th day it did not show and change untill the dat 27. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p<0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 350.71won in control, 336.32 won in T1, 320.89won in T2 and 316.11won in T3. As result feed costs were saved when FBF was added in the ration. 10. When the ration was substituted by FBF and fish soluble by 10% respectively; (1) Final weight and daily weight gain were 94.05kg, 678g in control group whereas 98.65kg, 752g in FBF substituted ration and 95.40kg, 709g in fish soluble substituted ration. (2) Feed efficiency was 3.65 in control group whereas 3.24 in FBF substituted ration and 3.40 in fish soluble substituted ration giving better resuluts. (3) Feed cost required per kg weight gain was in order of FBF substituted ration (369.33 won), fish soluble substituted ration(388.15 won) and control group (413.56 won). (4) Ages at 90kg were in order of FBF substituted ration (162.1), fish soluble substituted ration (163.7) and control group (166.9). 11. Hematological values of FBF fed pigs RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC were higher in the non-treated group, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were a little higher in the treated group. And all the above hematological values including differential count were within the normal range. 12. Effects of FBF addition as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs. (1) Daily feed consumption was larger by 10g in the treatment group (418g) than in the control group(408g). (2) Average daily weight gain was larger by 73.95g in the treatment group (296.98g) than in the control group (222.94g). (3) Feed efficiency was higher in the treatment group (1.41) than in the control group (1.83). (4) When the sucking pigs were fed liberally FBF as the substitute for Fe injection, there was relatively superior tendency to their growth and health conditions. 13. Production cost of FBF per kg (when the production cost of 1kg of FBF is fixed as 100 won) (1) Growing 0% ; 125.34 won, 3% ; 125.56 won, 5% ; 126.03 won and 10% ; 125.43 won (2) Fattening 0% ; 113.31 won, 3% ; 113.52 won, 5% ; 113.68 won and 10% ; 114.10 won As conclusion, making FBF with the abandoned briquette-ash and fish soluble results in lowering feed cost, increasing feed efficiency, increasing nutrient availability, decreasing pollution, saving the foreign currency used to import feed ingredients and increasing farmers income.

하드웨어 設計環境에서의 CDFG 形態에 관한 硏究

金賢培,金忠錫,朴淳東,高炳吾 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

In this study, design CDFG format in hardware design environment. It is used for high level synthesis in hardware design environment and supported in VHDL(VHSIC(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Hardware Description Language) Design Environment. This CDFG supports most of characteristic in hardware description language, concurrency, sequence, hierarchy etc. It is designed in consideration of VHDL, C, PASCAL, HardwareC. First, design CDFG and describe description rule then represent example of translation and grammar for CDFG paser.