Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향

김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석

서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.

섭취유지의 종류가 흰쥐의 혈청 및 간장의 지질성분에 미치는 영향

金君子,鄭孝淑,朴畢淑,姜晋順,鄭承鏞 慶尙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

지방 산조성이 다른 수종의 유지를 흰쥐에 급이하여 혈청 및 간장중의 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식이섭취량과 증체량은 각 군간에 유의성이 없었다. 2. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 4군 (5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름)은 높았다.HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 각 국간에 큰 차이는 없으나 5군 (5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름), 3군 (5% 라드+5% 콩기름)이 비교적 높았으며 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율은 3군(5% 라드+5% 콩기름)이 가장 높았다. 3.간장의 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 각 군간에 큰 차이는 없으나 4군(5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름)이 비교적 낮았으며 2군(5% 라드+5% 올리브기름)이 가장 높았다. 4. 혈청중의 중성지질 농도는 각 군간에 큰차이는 없으나 4군(5% 라드+5% 들깨기름), 5군(5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름)이 약간 낮은 경향이었으며 인지질 농도는 3군 (5% 라드+5% 콩기름)이 비교적 낮았다. 5. 간장의 중성지질 농도는 대조군에 비하여 4군(5% 라드+5% 들깨기름), 5군 (5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름), 2군(5% 라드+5% 올리브기름)이 비교적 낮았으며 3군(5% 라드+5% 콩기름)이 가장 높았다. 인지질 농도는 각 군간에 큰차이는 없으나 3군(5% 라드+5% 올리브기름)이 비교적 높았다. 6. 혈청 및 간장의 과산화지질 농도는는 대조군에 비하여 4군(5% 라드+5% 들깨기름),5군(5% 라드+5% 말쥐치기름)이 현저히 높았다. In order to investigate the aspect of nutritional physiology of various dietary fats and oils with different composition of fatty acids, it was experimented that the effect if dietary fats andoils on lipid concentration in serum and liver of rats. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight gain and amount of food intake were not significantly different among all groups. 2. Concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in group 4 (5% lard+ 5% perilla oil) and group 3 (5% lard + 5% soybean oil0 than control group(10% lard) 3. High density lipoprotein cholesterol concerntrations in serum were the highest in group 3 among all groups, the ratio of those to total cholesterol was significantly higher in group 3 and group 4 than control group. 4. Concentrations of total cholesterol in liver were remarkably lower in group 4 than any other groups. 5. Triglyceride concentrations in serum were significantly lower in group 4 and group 5 than other groups adn phosphospholipid concentrations were the lowest in griup 3 among all groups. 6. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in liver were the lowest in group 4 among all groups. 7. Concentrations of lipid peroxid in serum and liver were remarkably higher in group 4 and group 5( 5% lard +5% file fish oil) than control group.

간호직 및 사무직 여성의 직업적 활동과 위해한 임신결과와의 관련성

김효선,이강숙 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of working activity with pregnancy outcome in hospital nurses and office workers. We conducted the survey with 274 hospital nurses including nurse assistants and 236 office workers who had experienced pregnancies from August to September, 1999. The questionnaire contained the history of abortion, vaginal bleeding, prematurity, low-birth-weight and premature rupture of membrane as a adverse outcome of pregnancy. Also we checked the job condition such as working hours, duty, working posture, job stress, and department. We analyse the data using SPSS program. 1.The percents of working condition such as shift work, working time, resting time, heavy lifting, physical exertion, and tiredness were significantly higher in nurse group compared to office workers. 2.The vaginal bleeding was significantly frequent in nurses group compared to office workers 3.The factors associated with complication of pregnancy was working hours in nurses and office workers In conclusion, this study suggested that adverse pregnancy outcome in nurse and office workers associated with working activity significantly. Therefore the prevention program showed be developed to preserve the female workers.

Rhizopus oligosporus 를 이용한 한국된장의 제조에 관한 연구

김상순,박효숙 淑明女子大學校 生活科學硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

In order to characterize chemical & physical changes of doenjang which was fermented by R.oligosporus, three kinds of doenjangs were prepared with R.oligosporus and Asp.oryzae. Among the three groups, the first group was prepared with Asp. oryzae, the second group was prepared with Asp.oryzae and R. oligosporus and the third group was prepared with R. oligosporus. Kojis were prepared with Asp. oryzae and R. oligosporus respectively, fermented for 48hr and enzyme activities of kojis were examined. Chemical & physical changes of each group of doenjangs were found during were found during 60 days of fermentation period. These groups of doenjangs were analyzed regularly at 10 days' interval and the results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. protease and amylase activities in Asp.oryzae koji and R. oligosporus koji were increased gradually during 48hrs of fermentation. Asp. oryzae koji showed higher enzyme activities during fermentation than that of R. oligosporus koji. 2. pH was reduced during the doenjangs fermentation in all of the three groups. The final pH value of the doenjangs showed from 5.66 to 5.92 at the last stage of fermentation. Especially the mixture group showed a large magnitude drop in pH compared to those of others over the 60-day test period. On the other hand titrable acidity was increased during the doenjangs fermentation. 3. The total nitrogen content was changed irregularly from 2.31 to 2.64% during the doenjangs fermentation. The each content of water soluble nitrogen, amino type nitrogen and ammonia type nitrogen was increased during the doenjangs fermentation. The content of nitrogen compounds of Asp. oryzae group was the highest among all of the three groups. 4. Total sugar content was decreased gradually, while the reducing sugar content was being remained below 1.5%. The reducing sugar content was increased for 20-30 days and was decreased after that period. 5. Free amino acid content was increased during the doenjangs fermentation and showed maximum content after 60 day's fermentation. The content of total free amino acid was the highest in Asp. oryzae group and showed the order of mixture group and R. oligosporus group. Histidine content was the highest, followed by Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid. 6. The L(Lightness) color values ware decreased while a(redness) and b(yellowness) were increased during the doenjangs fermentation in all of three groups. Change in L was the highest in R.oligosporus group, change in a & b was the highest in Asp. oryzae group. 7. In sensory evaluation, Asp. oryzae group showed the most excellent color, taste and total acceptability. There were not significant differences in taste and total acceptability between Asp. oryzae group and R. oligosporus group but was a significant difference between mixture group and the other two groups.

일본 생활과와 한국 슬기로운 생활과의 내용 분석

김효남,노금자,김화숙 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The 1st and 2nd grade science-related textbooks of Japan and Korea are analyzed according to analysis system, which is consisted of knowledge and scientific inquiry processes categories. Each sentence in the textbooks is considered as an analyzing unit. The frequency and percentage of each category are counted and calculated. The results of this study are: 1. The frequency of scientific inquiry processes is more than that of knowledge in all of the 1st and 2nd grade textbooks. 2. Communication, problem cognition and observation are mostly emphasized in scientific inquiry process category. 3. Most of knowledge are factual scientific knowledge. 4. Science related contents are mostly biological knowledge, which is observing animal/plant and raising plant. Korean textbook include more physical science related contents like magnet and air.

여성 기성복 치수실태 및 부위별 grading편차에 관한 연구 : 20대 정장의류 시장 중심으로 In 20's Dress Market

김효숙 건국대학교 1994 學術誌 Vol.38 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of standard sizes in the women's ready-to-wear market. In this study the women's ready-to-wear in their twenties was chosen as the target of study, and a survey on the sizes of 24 brands of the women's ready-to-wear was made through three large department stores in Seoul and clothing shorts in Myongdong. And the data on fading deviation of 5 brands of the women's ready-to-wear were collected. The data was analyzed through their comparison with the physique of the women in their twenties published in the survey report on the national standard physique of 1992. The results obtained by analyzing the actual condition of the size of the women's ready-to-wear and discussion in this study were as follows: 1) Compared with the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear published in the survey report on the national standard physique of 1992, the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear being used in the ready-to-wear market for the women in their twenties were very large in bust girth, waist girth, and hip girth, and mass-pro-ducted. But the women's ready-to-wear in small sizes was little produced. 2) The range of the dimensions of center back waist length in the women's ready-to-wear produced was narrow, and the deviation between the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear was in many cases placed at time of grading. This is pointed out as a problem as the center back waist length comes to change when one's height changes. 3) It was found that the arm length of the women's ready-to-wear investigated was on the whole very large. 4) As a result of making a comparative analysis of the changes in the items of girth such as bust girth, waist girth, hip girth, etc through their division into width and thickness, it was shown that changes in their thickness of the women's ready-to-wear, were larger.

돈지, 들깨유 및 달맞이꽃 종자유의 혼합급이가 흰쥐의 간장, 뇌 및 고환의 지질 성분에 미치는 영향

김성희,김한수,서인숙,정효숙,정승용 慶尙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.2

돈지 및 들깨유와 달맞이꽃 종자유등 2종 식물 종자유와의 혼합급이가 흰쥐의 체내 조직의 지질 성분에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 S·D계 숫쥐에게 돈지 2.55및 들깨유와 달맞이꽃 종자유의 혼합비율을 달리하여 4주간 급이 사육한 후 간장,뇌 및 고환의 지질 성분을 분석 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 간장의 총콜레스테롤 함량은 D군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, 인지질 함량은 각 군간의 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 중성지질 함량은 B및 C군이 대조군에 비해 현저하게 낮았다. 콜레스테롤 급이군의 간장 총콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군에 비해 c,d및 e군이 유의적으로 낮았고, 인지질 및 중성지질의 함량은 b군이 낮게 나타났다. 뇌의 총콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군에 비해 B및 C군이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 인지질 및 중성지질의 함량은 대조군에 비해 전 군이 유의적으로 낮데 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 급이군에 있어 뇌의 총콜레스테롤 함량은 각 군간의 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 인지질 함량은 c군이 중성지질 함량은 e군이 대조군에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 고환의 총콜레스테롤 및 인지질 함량은 각 군간의 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 중성지질 함량은 대조군에 비해 전 군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 콜레스테롤 급이군은 콜레스테롤 무급이군과 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. In order to observe the effects of the feeds mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils, which mixed with 2.5% lard and various level of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of Sprague Dawley for 4 weeks on lipid components of liver, brain and testes. In livers , total cholesterol contents were remarkably lower in the D group(2.5% lard+2.5% perilla oil+5.0% evening primrose oil,free cholesterol) than in the control group , and phospholipid contents were not significant difference in each groups. Triglyceride contents were remarkably lower in the B(2.5% lard+7.5% perilla oil+5.0% ,free cholesterol) and C(2.5% lard+5.0% perilla oil+2.5% evening primrose oil,free cholesterol) group than in the control group. In the supplemented cholesterol groups, total cholesterol contents were significantly lower in c(C group+cholesterol diet), d(D group+cholesterol diet) and e(2.5% lard+7.5% evening primrose oil,free cholesterol) group, phhspholipid and triglyceride contents were lower in the b group(B group+cholesterol diet) than in the control groups than in the control group, phospholipid and triglyceride contents in brain were considerably lower in the other groups than in the control group. In the supplemented cholesterol groups, total cholesterol contents were not significant difference in each groups. Phospholipid and triglyceride contents were conspicuously lower in the c and e groups. respectively. In testes, total cholesterol and phospholipid contents were not significant difference in the groups, but triglyceride contents were lower in the all groups except for control group The contents of total cholesterlo, phospholipid and triglyceride were similar between the supplimented cholesterol groups and the nonsupplemented cholesterol groups.