대학생들의 떡에 대한 기호도 및 이용현황

이현옥,노숙령,김기숙,이숙영,이복희,박미정 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The survey study was conducted to investigate the rice cake consumption pattern including the frequency of intake and the degree of preference and the area of improvement for Korean rice cake among college students. About the motive for purchases of rice cake, 'taste is good(43.3%)' was the highest, and 'eat as a snack' the next (42.9%). The reason which does not eat the rice cake frequently was uncomfortable to eat (24.1%), insipid(21.4%), not variously assorted(17.9%) in the order named. The college students surveyed were eating rice cake as a snack mainly. They wanted the rice cake to be charmed and be in pretty shape, and fusion style for gift. And they wanted to be rice cake more sweetened and cool taste like ice cream. Therefore, traditional rice cake is required for further research for the development of product which is more acceptable for the young adults.

통합교육을 위한 특수교사-일반교사간 협력 모형 : 구조적 측면을 중심으로

이소현,황복선 국립특수교육원 2000 특수교육연구 Vol.7 No.-

통합환경 내에서 장애아동을 위한 프로그램의 성공적 실행을 위해서는 교육 현장에서 교과과정의 지원과 중재를 담당하고 있는 일반교사와 특수교사의 협력이 하나의 포괄적인 체제로 적용되어져야 한다. 이와 같은 영역간 협력적 모형을 적용하기 위해서는 지금까지 운영되고 있는 전통적인 교육 모형의 구조적인 측면의 개편이 필수적으로 동반되어져야 한다. 본 연구는 효과적인 협력관계 형성과 관련된 선행연구들의 결과를 바탕으로 협력교사들의 구체적인 역할과 역할 수행에 필요한 기본 기술 및 역동적인 협력과정의 조직을 위한 전략을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 두 영역의 교사들이 담당하고 있는 서비스 제공자와 협력자로서 이중적인 역할들을 요약하여 제시하였다. 둘째, 함께 작업에 참여할 수 있도록 포괄적으로 시간을 배당하는 방법과 배당된 시간동안 효율적인 상호관계를 증진시킬 수 있는 전략들에 대하여 논의하였다. 셋째, 협력교사들의 역할 수행시 요구되는 세 가지 특별한 기본 기술들(정보나 기술을 교환하는 기술, 문제를 해결하는 기술, 의견일치에 의해 결론을 유도하는 기술)을 형성할 수 있도록 구체적인 훈련 방법들을 모색해 보았다. To accomplish the ultimate social integration of students with disabilities in integrated school and community environments, the active collaboration between general and special education teachers who were most directly involved in designing and implementing or monitoring the daily educational programs should be addressed in one cohesive and comprehensive system. According to this view, organizational shifts in traditional service provision models should be accompanied in order for such collaborative educational programs to be implemented. Based on the results of literature review related to the development and implementation of effective collaborative relationships, this study clarified the primary functions of collaborative educational teachers, discussed the important interpersonal collaboration skills required for engaging in their role release, and presented the organizational strategies for organizing their time in dynamic change processes. Specifically, the following was discussed: (1) the dual functions as service provider and collaborator of collaborative educational teachers in two educational disciplines; (2) the use of block scheduling to allocate time to work together and strategies to collaborate effectively during the block scheduled time; and (3) training methods for developing specific collaboration skills required for effective interpersonal interactions and collaboration (i.e., exchanging information and skills, solving problems, making decisions by consensus, resolving conflicts).

콩아이스크림의 상품화를 위한 고정화 효소의 이용

이숙영,이현옥,노숙령,김기숙,이복희,박미정 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The study was to investigate the functional properties of soy protein isolate hydrolyzed by immobilized α-chymotrypsin and the quality characteristics of soy ice cream made by the soy protein isolate treated with immobilized α-chymotrypsin. Up to the hydrolysis rate of 22.9%, treatement by immobilized α-chymotrypsin costed more time than that of α-chymotrypsin. Foam and emulsion capacity were decreased by the number of repetitive usage. Apparent viscosity and overrun of soy ice cream treated with immobilized α-chymotrypsin and α-chymotrypsin were shown similar tendency. In the sensory characteristics, soy ice cream by enzyme treatment was evaluated as much acceptable than untreacted soy ice cream in the item of beany flavor, icy feel and overall quality. For efficient use of immobilized α-chymotrypsin industrially, α-chymotrypsin immobilized on glass beads can be reused for about 11 times more than α-chymotrypsin.

광원의 종류에 따른 복합레진의 중합거동 및 중합률에 관한 연구

류주희,이인복,유현미,김미자,석창인,권혁춘 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the reaction kinetics and the degree of polymerization of composite resins when cured by different light sources and to evaluate the effectiveness of the blue Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units (LED LCUs) compared with conventional halogen LGUs. Materials and Methods: First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The LED LCU (Elipar Freelight, 320㎽/㎠) and the conventional halogen LCU (XL3000, 400㎽/㎠) were used in this study for curing three composite resins (SureFil, Z-250 and AEliteFLO). Second, the degree of conversion was obtained in the composite resins cured according to the above curing mode with a FTIR. Third, the measurements of depth of cure were carried out in accordance with ISO 4049 standards. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test at 95% levels of confidence and Duncan's procedure for multiple comparisons. Results: The heat of cure was not statistically different among the LCUs (p > 0.05). The composites cured by the LED (Exp) LCUs were statistically more slowly polymerized than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p< 0.05). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Exp) LGUs had significantly greater degree of conversion value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p = 0.0002). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Std) LGUs showed significantly greater depth of cure value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Exp) LGU (p < 0.05).

일부 소규모 시계조립 사업장의 상지 누적외상성장애의 유병률

장은철,김현주,권영준,박시복,이수진,송재철 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

목적 : 단순 반복작업을 하는 시계조립 사업장 근로자를 대상으로 상지 누적외상성장애의 자각증상 유병률과 상지 누적외상성장애 유병률을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 인구학적 특성, 상지의 자각증상, 사회심리적 요인은 자가 설문지법으로, 인간공학적 특성은 점검표를 이용한 면담법으로 조사하였다. 상지의 자각증상 조사와 사회심리적 요인은 각각, N10SH (1993) 설문지와 Karasek(1979)의 Job strain model을 번역하여 조사하였다. 상지 누적외상성장애 판정은 의사가 작업 현장에서 직접 환자 면담과 이학적 검사를 수행한 후, 연구에서 규정한 증례정의에 의해 수행하였다. 수집된 자료는 x2 teat와 exact test로 단별량 분석을 하였고, 이중 의미있는 변수와 위험 인자로 알려진 변수들로 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상자들의 자각증상 유병률은 54.2 %였고, 부위별로는 목 34.9 %, 손/손목 31.3 %, 어깨 30.1 %, 팔/팔꿈치 18.0 %순이었다. 상지 누적외상성장애의 유병률은 45.8 %였고, 근막동통증후군이 26명으로 가장 많았고, De Quervain씨 병 8명, 수부/전완부의 건염 및 건활막영 8명, 수근관 증후군 5명, 이두건염 5명, 척골 신경병증 5명, 내상과 염 4명, 외상과염 2명, 경추 디스크 질환 2명, 흥곽 출구 증후군 1명순으로 나타났다. 단변량 분석시 자각증상 유병률은 작업부서 중 완성 부에서, 상지 누적외상성장애 유병률은 여자와 완성 부에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 완성부와 근무긴장도가 높은 군이 상지 누적외상 성장애와 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 이 연구에서 상지 누적외상성장애 유병률은 45.8 %으로서 저강도의 단순 반복작업을 하는 시계조립 사업장 근로자에서도 누적외상성장애의 위험이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 사회심리적 요인과 작업 부서별 공정 및 환경이 유병률에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 생각되며, 향후 이들에 관한 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 산업보건 현장에서는 시계조립 사업장과 같이 저 강도의 단순 반복작업을 위주로 하는 사업장에 대한 지속적인 관심과 각 사업장별 위험요인을 파악하여 적절한 예방 및 관리 대책을 세워야 할 것이다. Objectives : The prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders of upper extremities mons watch assembly workers in small-scaled industry was studied. Methods. In 83 workers at five watch assembly factories, symptoms and psychosocial questionnaire, ergonomic Interview, physical examination were conducted. Results : Prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 54.2% and neck 34.9%, wrist/hand 31.3%, shoulder 30.1%, elbow/arm 18.0% by anatomical site. Prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders was 45.8%. Most common disease was myofascial pain syndrome (31.3%). The other diseases were De Quervain disease (9.6%), tenosynovitis/tendinitis at wrist/hand (9.6%), bicipital tendinitis(6.0%), fat. epicondylitis(4.8%), meIn. epicondylitis(2.4%), and cervical disc disease(2.4%). As result of ergonomic interview, repetitiveness was 79(98.8%). There were no differences in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulative trauma disorders for age, sex, marital status, duration of work In the study, The significant factors of cumulative trauma disorders were occupational task and psychosocial stress in the study. The prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in high strain group was hlgher (68.4%) than other three groups. The prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulative trauma disorders in assembly task was higher (70.0%, 64.0%) than other two tasks. Conclusions : Prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 54.2%, prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders was 45.8% in watch assembly workers. In this study, factor related to self-reported symptoms was occupational task and factors relaxed to cumulative trauma disorders were occupational task and psychosocial stress. This results suggest that differences of ergonomics and environment in occupational task cause differences of prevalence of self-reported symptoms and cumulatlve trauma disorders.

대학생의 노인복지에 대한 인식도

차병준,김무룡,김기열,차경미,김귀희,김현실,서인선,임상규,이순자,위광복,남철현 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1999 保健福祉硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp the change of consciousness of young people in order to seek new approach of policy for aged era. 1,200 students attending collages and universities in three small or medium sized cities were inquired for 2 months, from October 1 to November 30, 1996. The result is as follows. 1. The characteristic of the respondents of this survey is that they include 72.1% of women, 40.4% of people aged between 20 to 21, and 49.1% of people who do not have any religion. Those who are from big cities and those who are form farming villages or fishing village occupy equally 40.2%, those who reside in that cities for a long period 49.0%, and those who live with their family 60.9%. 2. The family feature of the subject is that 31.5% of them are those whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, 10% of them are those whose mothers age is so, 33.1% of them have 5 family members, 29.5% of them have the family income of 1,000,000 to 1,490,000 won, 83.9% of them are from middle class, 47.7% of them are the people whose grand parents have passed away, 70.4% of them live apart from their grand parents, and 60.9% of them are second child. 3. 64.0% of males, 70% of respondents who are aged over 24, 58.1% of respondents who are from rural communities, 62.4% of respondents who live in rural area, and 58.3% of respondents who live alone, prefer to live with grand parents, marked higher rate than other groups. The groups whose father and mother are the age of more than 55 marked higher rate of 55.9% and 58% each than any other groups(p<0.05). The groups whose family member is less than three, whose grand parents both have passed away in middle class, who live with their grand parents, and who are second children, give more positive answers than any other groups. 4. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from rural area or live in rural area, whose family is small, whose family income is small, who are from lower class and whose grand parents are still alive, shows preference to support their parents after marriage. 5. Females(89.4%), those who are from small or medium sized cities(89%), who live with their family(85.6%), whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, whose mother is the age of 54 and less than 54, whose family member is 6, who are from middle class, whose grandparents are still alive and who are the eldest child in their family, give more response that they prefer to live apart from their children in their old age than any other groups. 6. What elderly people need most right now is past time(42.3%), and the respondents whose age is 20 to 21, who are buddhists, who are from middle sized cities and live alone, whose parents are the age of more than 55, who have small family income, who live with their grand parents and who are second children show higher level than any other groups. 7. 76.8% of respondents answer that they do not need their parent's fortune, marked still higher rate than the opposite answer. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from big cities, who reside in rural area, who live alone and have smaller family, who are in bad family economic conditions and who live with grand parents present higher rate of positive response. 8. 59.3% of respondents reply that they think about death from time to time, and those who are female, who are in the age of 20 to 21, who are christian, who live with their family, whose siblings or other family members offer their education expenses show higher rate than any other groups. 9. 92.3% of respondents answer that the budget for welfare facility for elderly people is very small. The younger the respondents are and the worse economic condition they have among those who live in big cities, the more answered that. 10. 50% of respondents think social security should provide for their old age, and 42.8% of them believe they themselves provide against it. The respondence that social security ought provide for it appeared more among those whose age are over 24, who are female, who reside in rural area, who are christian, who are in bad economic condition, and who ever used medical institutions in recent one month, marked higher level than other groups. 11. The adequate time of retirement is 59.97±5.60 for public officers, the highest and 59.28±6.35 for teachers, the next. 12. 35.2% of respondents reply that the adequate budget for the old age after their retirement at the age of 60 is 220 million won, showed the highest level of respondence. 13. The factors which affect on the old people in the charged welfare facilities are sex(p<0.01), the type of housing(p<0.05) and whole family income(p<0.05). 14. The factors which affect on remarriage are sex(p<0.05) and religion(p<0.05). For varying old population and expanded welfare service for them, government and relevant authority should give more attention to secure the budget, establish effective plans to expand various program and the facilities for elderly people in order that elderly people spend the rest of life time more happily and more fruitfully. To do that, each college and university should open Health courses, and educate and inform about health and welfare.

Distribution and Frequency of SSR Motifs in the Chrysanthemum SSR-enriched Library through 454 Pyrosequencing Technology

Kyaw Thu Moe,Sang-Bog Ra,Gi-An Lee,Myung-Chul Lee,Ha-Seung Park,Dong-Chan Kim,Cheol-Hwi Lee,Hyun-Gu Choi,Nak-Beom Jeon,Byung-Jun Choi,Ji-Youn Jung,Kyu-Min Lee,Yong-Jin Park 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

국화과(Compositae)는 현화식물 중 세계에서 가장 넓게 분포하고, 쌍자엽식물 중 가장 진화된 식물분류군이며, 우리나라에는 약 300여종이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 구절초, 감국, 쑥, 쑥갓, 개미취, 참취, 곰취 등 국화과 식물들은 예로부터 민간에서 약용 및 식용 소재로써 다양하게 사용되어왔다. 본 연구는 국화 및 국화근연종 유용유전자원 선발을 통하여 육종 소재를 확대하고, 중간모본 및 신품종 육성기반을 구축하고자 DNA 마커시스템의 개발을 위해 수행되었다. 1. 화단국인 Smileball(Dendranthema grandiflorum) 품종을 사용하여 SSR-enriched library를 작성하였고, GS FLX 분석을 통해 18.83Mbp의 염기서열 결과를 얻었으며, read의 평균 길이는 280.06bp로 나타났다. 2. 단순반복염기서열(SSR) 부위를 포함하는 26,780개 clones 중 di-nucleotide motifs가 16,375개(61.5%)로 우세하였고, trinucleotide motifs(6,616개, 24.8%), tetra-nucleotide motifs(1,674개, 6.3%), penta-nucleotide motifs(1,283개, 4.8%), hexa-nucleotide motifs(693개, 2.6%) 순으로 나타났다. 3. 얻어진 di-nucleotide motifs들 중에서는, AC/CA class가 93.5%로 대부분이었고, tri-nucleotide motifs에서는 AAC class가 50.5%, tetra-nucleotide motifs는 ACGT class가 43.6%이고, pentanucleotide motif에서는 AACGT class 27.2%이며, hexa-nucleotide motif에서는 ACGATG class 21.8%였다. 4. 얻어진 염기서열 결과를 토대로 다양한 motif를 갖는 100개의 SSR 마커를 제작하였고, 차후 이를 활용하여 국화 유전자원의 다형성 및 유전자형 분석을 통해 분자유전학적 다양성 및 집단의 구조분석이 가능하고, 국화의 분자육종기반 구축을 위한 유용한 도구가 될 것 이다. Chrysanthemums, often called mums or chrysanths, belong to the genus Chrysanthemum, which includes about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. We extracted DNA from Dendranthema grandiflorum (‘Smileball’) to construct a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-enriched library, using a modified biotin-streptavidin capture method. GS FLX (Genome Sequencer FLX System which provides the flexibility to perform the broad range of applications) sequencing (at the 1/8 run specification) resulted in 18.83 mega base pairs (Mbp) with an average read length of 280.06 bp. Sequence analyses of all SSR-containing clones revealed a predominance of di-nucleotide motifs (16,375, 61.5%) followed by tri-nucleotide motifs (6,616, 24.8%), tetra-nucleotide motifs (1,674, 6.3%), pentanucleotide motifs (1,283, 4.8%), and hexa-nucleotide motifs (693, 2.6%). Among the di-nucleotide motifs, the AC/CA class was the most frequently identified (93.5% of all di-nucleotide types), followed by the GA/AG class (6.1%), the AT/TA class (0.4%), and the CG/GC class (0.03%). When we analyzed the distribution of different repeat motifs and their respective numbers of repeats, regardless of the motif class, of 100 SSR markers, we found a higher number of di-nucleotide motifs with 70 to 80 repeats; we also found two di-nucleotide motifs with 83 and 89 repeats, respectively, but their product lengths were within optimum size (297 and 300 bp). In future work, we will screen for polymorphisms of possible primer pairs. The results will provide a useful tool for assessing molecular diversity and investigating the population structure among and within Chrysanthemum species.

Sorafenib for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after Liver transplantation

Hyun Yoon Dok,Baek Yeol Ryoo,Min Hee Ryu,Sung Gyu Lee,Shin Hwang,Dong Jin Suh,Han Chu Lee,Jae Lyun Lee,Tae Won Kim,Heung Moon Chang,Chul Soo Ahn,Ki Hun Kim,Deok Bog Moon,Young 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2009 No.-

The Methylene Chloride Fraction of Trichosanthis Fructus Induces Apoptosis in U937 Cells through the Mitochondrial Pathway

Lee, Eun-Ok,Lee, Ju-Ryoung,Kim, Kwan-Hyun,Baek, Nam-In,Lee, Soo-Jin,Lee, Bog-Hieu,Cho, Kyung-Dong,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Kim, Sung-Hoon Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2006 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.29 No.1

<P><I>Trichosanthis kirilowii</I> M<SMALL>AXIM</SMALL> has been used as a folk remedy to treat diabetes, leukemia, and breast cancer. In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of the methylene chloride fraction of Trichosanthis Fructus (MCTF) was investigated in human leukemic U937 cells. MCTF exhibited antiproliferative effectsagainst U937 cells (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=<I>ca.</I> 8 μg/ml). Apoptotic bodies were observed in MCTF-treated U937 cells in the TUNEL assay. We also confirmed that MCTF significantly increases annexin V<SUP>+</SUP>/propidium iodide-cells using FACS analysis. MCTF treatment activated caspase-8, -9 and -3, and led to cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and release of cytochrome <I>c</I> into cytosol in a concentration-dependent manner, while MCTF did not affect Bax or Bcl-2 protein levels as shown by Western blot analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that MCTF can induce apoptosis in U937 cells chiefly <I>via</I> a mitochondrial-mediated pathway and suggest that Trichosanthis Fructus can be used in cancer treatment as a chemopreventive agent.</P>

Sorafenib for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after Liver transplantation (초)

Dok Hyun Yoon,Baek Yeol Ryoo,Min Hee Ryu,Sung Gyu Lee,Shin Hwang,Dong Jin Suh,Han Chu Lee,Jae Lyun Lee,Tae Won Kim,Heung Moon Chang,Chul Soo Ahn,Ki Hun Kim,Deok Bog Moon,Young 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.77 No.4S