종 분포 모형을 활용한 새로운 구상나무 서식지 탐색, 그리고 식물보전 활용

김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),한동욱 ( Dong Uk Han ),차진열 ( Jin Yeol Cha ),박용수 ( Yong Su Park ),조현제 ( Hyeun Je Cho ),권혜진 ( Hye Jin Kwon ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),오승환 ( Seung Hwan Oh ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

Korean fir(Abies koreana E.H.Wilson 1920), endemic tree species of Korean peninsula, is considered as vulnerable and endangered species to recent rapid environmental changes such as land use and climate change. There are limited activities and efforts to find natural habitats of Korean fir for conservation of the species and habitats. In this study, by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models) based on climate and topographic factors of Korean fir, we developed Korean fir’s predicted distribution model and explored novel natural habitats. In Mt. Shinbulsan, Youngnam region and Mt. Songnisan, we could find korean fir’s two novel habitat and the former was the warmest(13°C in annual mean temperature), the driest(1,200mm∼1,600mm in annual rainfall) and relatively low altitude environment among Korean fir’s habitats in Korea. The result of SDMs did not include mountain areas of Gangwon-do as habitats of A. nephrolepis, because there were different contributions of key habitat environment factors, summer rainfall, winter mean temperature and winter rainfall, between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. Our results raise modification of other distribution models on Korean fir. Novel habitat of Korean fir in Mt. Shinbulsan revealed similar habitat affinity of the species, ridgy and rocky site, with other habitats in Korea. Our results also suggest potential areas for creation of Korea fir’s alternative habitats through species reintroduction in landscape and ecosystem level.

랫드에서 쌍화탕의 급성독성에 관한 연구

김수정 ( Su Jeong Kim ),이미영 ( Mee Young Lee ),신인식 ( In Sik Shin ),서창섭 ( Chang Seob Seo ),하혜경 ( Hye Kyung Ha ),허정임 ( Jung Im Huh ),신현규 ( Hyeun Kyoo Shin ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanhetang in Chinese, Sou-wa-to in Japanese) in Crl: CD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods: In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg/day of ssanghwa-tang water extract (SHT). After single administration of SHT, mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Results: Acute toxicity tests revealed that a single oral administration of SHT at dose levels of 2000 mg/kg did not affect clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings, evaluating the safety of SHT. The SHT treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes. Conclusions: These results showed that the single oral administration of SHT did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. In conclusion, the median lethal dose (LD50) of SHT was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body for both sexes.

석이로부터 분리한 페놀성 화합물의 phospholipase A_2 저해활성

김진우,송경식,유익동,장현욱,유승현,배강규,민태진 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1997 생물공학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

호알카리성 진균 Cephalosporium sp. RYM-202가 생산하는 alkaline xylanase (CX-III)의 작용에 의해 xylan 기질로부터 생성되는 주요 가수분해 산물은 xylobiose와 중합도가 4 이상인 xylooligosaccharides이었다. 이 효소는 xylobiose에 대한 분해능을 가지고 있지 않지만 xylotriose로부터는 xylobiose를, xylotetraose로부터는 xylobiose와 xylotriose를 주산물로 형성하였다. 이러한 결과들은 CX-III가 transglycosidase 활성을 소유하는 전형적인 endo-type xylanase임을 보여준다. N-bromosuccinimide에 의한 CX-III의 화학적 변화 실험 결과 효소 1분자 당 2개의 tryptophan 잔기가 활성에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 iodoacetamide 및 diethylpyrocarbonate에 의한 효소활성의 저해효과는 나타나지 않음으로써 이 효소의 활성부위에 cysteine과 histidine 잔기가 필수적이지 않음이 확인되었다. The hydrolysis products formed from birchwood xylan by the action of an alkaline xylanase (CX-III) from alkalophilic Cephalosporium sp. RYM-202 were xylobiose and xylooligosaccharides polymerized with more than 4 sugar molecules. This enzyme was not active on xylobiose but readily attacked xylotriose accumulating xylobiose as a major product. The predominant end-products from xylotetraose by CX-III were xylobiose and xylotriose. These results indicate that the enzyme is typically endo-type xylanase possessing transglycosidase activity. Chemaical modification of CX-III with N-bromosuccinimide revealed that two tryptophan residues per molecule of CX-III were essential for its catalytic activity on xylan. On the other hand, iodoacetamide and diethylpyrocarbonate did not influence the activity of the enzyme, suggesting that cysteine and histidine residues are not involved in the active site of this alkaline xylanase.

제약업계의 한약제제 연구개발 현황 및 허가에 대한 인식도 조사 연구

신현규,김윤경,강창희,최선미 한국한의학연구원 2001 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.7 No.1

A survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes of pharmaceutical companies toward the status and permission of R&D of herbal products. The survey's results showed that some of them(42.9%) was conducting the R&D, and others(57.1%) were not conducting. As the results of analysis on the reason of R&D conducting, some of them(42.3%) answered that R&D of herbal products is more effective and powerful than these of synthetic products. And 23.1% answered that the cost of R&D is low and the time required is short. And another 23.1% answered that it has marketability and competitive power. As the results of analysis on the marketability of herbal products in Pharmaceutical Market, most of them(78.6%) answered that it seems enough. As the results of the comparison of synthetic drug and herbal products, the proportion of R&D investment on herbal products was lower than synthetic products in the preclinical study, the first clinical study and the second clinical study, and higher than the in the third clinical study and the DNA. And the periods of R&D was long in most procedure except synthesis of new materials. As the results of analysis on the recognition of related regulation, most of the (73%) was yes. And 35.2% of the subjects thinks it enough.

Streptozotocin 유도 당뇨쥐에서의 Phospholipase A₂, Cyclooxygenase 활성과 Thromboxane 및 Prostacyclin합성

양정아,김성옥,최정화,곽오계,이순재,장현욱 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1998 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.8 No.-

당뇨병에서의 혈전생성 기전에 관련된 주된 요인을 관찰코져 흰쥐를 4주간 사육한 후 streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 후 6일째에 희생하여 당뇨쥐에 있어서의 phospholipase A₂ 활성변화에 따른 조직의 과산화적 손상과 혈소판 응집능 등의 변화를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중증가는 STZ를 투여한 후에는 STZ 투여군에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 식이섭취에 있어 STZ injection 후, DM군은 16% 증가하였다. 식이효율은 STZ injection 후 DM군은 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중의 총 지질과산화물가는 정상군에 비해 DM군은 2.5배 높았다. HDL 중의 TBARS는 정상군에 비해 DM군은 약 1.6배 정도 높았고 LDL 중의 TBARS는 정상군에 비해 DM군에서 4.8배의 높은 증가를 보였다. 혈소판 phospholipase A₂ 활성은 DM군은 정상군에 비해 42% 증가하였다. 혈소판 cyclooxygenase 활성은 정상군에 비해 DM군이 2배 정도 높은 수준이었다. 혈소판 중의 TXA₂ 농도는 정상군과 비교하여 DM군에서 169%로 현저하게 높았고 대동백 PGI₂의 농도는 정상군에 비해 DM군은 낮은 수준을 보였으며 대동맥 PGI₂와 혈소판 TXA₂의 비는 DM군에서 정상군에 비해 55% 낮았다. 결론적으로 STZ 유발 당뇨쥐에 있어서는 혈청 지질과산화물 수준의 증가와 더불어 phospholipase A₂ 활성이 증가되었으며 따라서 cyclooxygenase가 유도하는 AA cascade 활성화에 의해 TXA₂ 생성증가 및 PGI₂/TXA₂ ratio의 감소가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨병 질환에서 나타나는 동맥경화증, 심혈관계 질환 등의 여러 혈관계의 병리적 현상들이 당뇨 상태에서의 지질대사 이상으로 인한 지질과산화물의 증가와 그의 독성으로 인한 여러 혈소판 관련 인자들의 활성화와 밀접하게 연관되어 나타나는 것을 시사하는 것이라 하겠다. The relation between lipid peroxidation and thrombotic reaction were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100±10gm were randomly assigned to normal and STZ-induced diabetic group(DM). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body weight of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of basal diet. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Body weight gains were lower in diabetic group after STZ injection. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances(TBARS) that were markedly increased in DM group compared with of normal group. TBARS levles of HDL and LDL were similar patterns to total TBARS of serum. Activities of platelet phospholipase A₂(PLA₂) were higher in diabetic group than those of normal group. Activities of platelet cyclooxygenase were 106% in DM group than normal group. Platelet thromboxane A₂(TXA₂) formation was increased in DM group than normal group. Production of aortic prostacyclin(PGI₂) was lower in diabetic group than that of normal group. PGI₂/TXA₂ ratios were decreased by 55% in DM groups than those of normal group. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stess which leads to acceleration of lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregability. In conclusion, accelerating effect of lipid peroxidation and thrombogenesis in diabetic state is regarded to be resulted from enhancement of PLA₂ activity and arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibition of antiaggregating agent and aortic PGI₂ formation.

Meso-Dihydroguaiaretic Acid Isolated from Saururus chinensis Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells

Tae Chul Moon,Chang Seob Seo,Kyungmi Haa,Jin Cheul Kim,Nam Kyung Hwang,Tae Gyun Hong,Jee Hyeun Kim,Do Hun Kim1,손종근,장현욱 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.5

Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) is a medicinal herbal product isolated from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis that inhibits the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent phase of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) (IC50 9.8 μM). However, this compound did not inhibit COX-2 protein expression in BMMC at concentrations up to 30 μM, indicating that MDGA directly inhibits COX-2 activity. In addition, this compound consistently inhibited the production of leukotriene C4 (IC50 1.3 μM). These results demonstrate that MDGA inhibits both COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, this compound strongly inhibited the degranulation reaction in BMMC (IC50 11.4 μM). Therefore, this compound might provide a basis for novel anti-inflammatory drug development.

한국인의 구강위생용품 사용실태에 관한 조사연구

서은주,신승철,서현석,김은주,장연수 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the actual state of Koreans' behavior about the use of oral hygiene devices and to collect the baseline data for developing appropriate educational objectives to improve dental health. Questionnaires were used to personally interview 1,685 residents in Korea. The obtained results were as fallows; 1. Average head size of toothbrushes was 23.2㎜ in children, 28.2㎜ im adults. 2. The averagep percent of using dentifrice containing fluoride at home was 66.7% in children, 71.4% in adults. 3. The average percent of using orthodontic toothbrushes was 50.5% in orthodontic patients, and the average percent of using interdental burshes was only 16.9% in orthodontic patients. 4. The average percent of using dental floss was 22.3% in periodontic patients, and the average percent of using interdental brushes was 16.5% in periodonitc patients. 5. The patients usually use oral hygiene devices by means of dentals' suggestions and commercial advertisement. 6. Generally few people use auxiliary oral hygiene devices. To improve the oral health starus effectively, more improved and correct informations and materials should be provide to dentists, dental hygienists and patients.

Dietary Exposure to Transgenic Rice Expressing the Spider Silk Protein Fibroin Reduces Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Mice: The Potential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Phosphorylation in Adipocytes

박지은,정연재,박준범,김혜영,유영현,이광식,양원태,김도훈,김종민 한국발생생물학회 2019 발생과 생식 Vol.23 No.3

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). T2DM is correlated with obesity and most T2DM medications have been developed for enhancing insulin sensitivity. Silk protein fibroin (SPF) from spiders has been suggested as an attractive biomaterial for medical purposes. We generated transgenic rice (TR) expressing SPF and fed it to diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice to monitor the changes in blood glucose levels and adipose tissue proteins associated with energy metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, the adipocyte size in abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice was remarkably smaller than that of the control. Whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated protein kinase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein levels were increased in abdominal adipose tissues after TR-SPF feeding, levels of six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) proteins decreased. Phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine 172 and IRS1 at serine 307 and tyrosine 632 were both increased in adipose tissues from TR-SPFfed mice. Increased expression and phosphorylation of IRS1 at both serine 307 and tyrosine 632 in adipose tissues indicated that adipocytes obtained from abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice were more susceptible to insulin signaling than that of the control. STAMP2 protein levels decreased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice, indicating that STAMP2 proteins were reducing adipocytes that were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, this study showed that TR-SPF was effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and that concurrent lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes was associated with alterations of AMPK, IRS1, and STAMP2. Increased IRS1 expression and its phosphorylation by TR-SFP were considered to be particularly important in the induction of lipolysis in adipocytes, as well as in reducing blood glucose levels in this animal model.

신발산업용 모바일 포탈 서비스 구현

이양민,이병문,임장수,김창민,강동우,심현숙,이재기 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2003 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.11 No.1

Cases that apply mobile technology in own company's business processing in various industry area are increasing. In this paper, we propose a Mobile Portal constructin method accepting that flowing these age. Analyze instance that is applying mobile service in another industry to achieve Mobile Portal service and we chose core technology with this result. As focus of research, we implemented interaction interface between web page and database, conversion skill between wire and wireless contents, communicatin method between web page and contents conversion server, and application technology on Mobile service target Business and implemented Mobile service that applicable.

트랙타 부착 대형이앙기 개발 및 재배적 실용성

박성태,장익주,정창화,김상열,김재현,문헌팔,양세준,김순철 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

쌀 생산비를 줄이고 대경지 규모화 영농에 적응할 수 있는 농기계 개발을 목적으로 연구개발한 대규모 경지적응 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기의 구성과 특징 및 개발시작기의 재배적 실용성 평가결과를 요약정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 트랙터 부착 12조 대형벼이앙기는 크게 바퀴자국 제거로타리, 문짝형 정지판, 이앙장치부 등으로 구성되어 있다. 2. 트랙터 부착 12조 이앙기는 트랙터 동력을 이용하여 로타리, 정지 및 이앙작업이 동시에 이루어 질 수 있도록 개발하였다. 3. 바퀴자국을 없애는 날은 기존의 로타리 날을 교체하면 되도록 반달형 날로 제작하였다. 4. 이앙기는 이동시는 접을 수 있도록 설계 제작되어 대형화가 가능하므로 기존 6조 승용이앙기에 비하여 이앙작업 능력이 1.5배 이상이었다. 5. 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기는 트랙터와 같은 큰 동력원을 이용할 수 있으므로 측조시비기, 긴매트모 탑재 등 다양한 작업기 및 기능을 추가로 부착 가능하도록 설계되었다. 6. 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기는 어린모 및 중묘이앙시 결주율은 3.0∼4.3%로 기계이앙기 결주 허용범위 5% 미만이었다. 하지만 무경운 논에서는 이앙작업은 가능하나 부묘율이 다소 높은 점은 보완이 필요하다. To develop a labor saving rice cultivation technology, a new tractor attached rice transplanter has been developed for large scale farming and its field performance was evaluated. The rice transplanter consists of three major parts such as rotary for removing tractor tire furrow, door-shaped soil leveling plate and transplanting equipment. The rice transplanter is operated using the power of the tractor and performs rotary, harrow and seedling transplanting simultaneously. A half moon shaped rotary blade was found to be very efficient to remove tire furrow developed during seedling transplanting and the original rotary blade can be replaced easily with existed rotary blade. The seedling transplanting part of the transplanter was designed to fold into small size and the transplanting efficiency of the transplanter was found to be 1.5 times higher than that of the conventional riding type six row transplanter. Since the transplanter is operated through a strong power of the tractor, the additional attachment such as fertilizer application apparatus and long mat rice seedling carrier is possible. Based on the field performance of the transplanter, although the missing hill percentage showed roughly with 3.0∼4.3% for 10-day and 30-day old seedlings but the percentage is less than 5% which is maximum missing hill permit in the transplanting rice. Seedling transplanting in no-tillage field condition is acceptable but floating seedling percentage is still high and thus further technology improvement for minimizing floating seedling percontage is needed.