技術論文(기술논문) : 친환경적 설계인자를 적용한 생태복원공사의 시공성 평가 -거제시 구천천 생태하천 조성공사를 중심으로-

안병철 ( Byung Chul An ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구에서는 경남 거제시 구천 천을 대상으로 생태하천 조성공사의 시공 성을 분석하고 평가하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 구천 천 생태하천 조성공사의 시공 성 평가를 위한 평가지표를 설정하였다. 일반적인 공사품질 평가항목에 본 연구대상지의 공사특성을 감안하여 설계품질과 건설행정부문을 더하여 평가지표를 설정하였다. 크게 대 분류로 공사 품질, 설계품질, 건설행정으로 나누었으며, 중분 류로는 식 재, 시설물, 포장, 급배수공사, 설계 전 문성, 설계도서, 기술시방서, 공사기간, 적정 비용, 참여자인식 등 10개 유형으로 구분하고 소 분류의 평가항목은 해당공사의 세부적 내용으로 구성된 총 20가지로 구성하였다. 둘째, 시 공성 평가결과, 평가항목별로는 급 배 수공사, 석재공사, 포장공사, 식재공사 순으로 시 공성 개선의 필요성이 제기되었으며, 평가 대 상으로는 묵논습지 조성공사와 완경사 저수 호 안공사에서 시 공성이 낮게 평가되었고 수달서 식 처와 자연경관보전 구간은 비교적 적정한 것으로 평가되었다. 설계도면의 누락과 기술시방 의 문제, 시공참여자의 인식문제에 대해서는 개선필요성이 다소 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 설계 개념의 적정성 부문은 참여기술자의 대부분이 적정한 것으로 평가하였다. 셋째, 문제점에 따른 개선방안 제시로서, 품 질 관리에 의해 개선될 수 있는 사항으로 무논 습지조성에서의 유입 수, 유출 수 연결 관의 마감 처리, 논흙처리에 대한 방안과 하천에서의 저수 호 안 돌 쌓기 시공성과 석재공사의 마감처리 등 이 있으며, 동 분야의 기술적 한계점으로서 연 구가 필요한 부분으로는 생태수로의 돌 쌓기 이 음 새 부분의 콘크리트 몰탈처리와 천변수림대 의 폭 원 설정 등을 들 수 있다. 하천 코 리더의 생태적 역할을 수반하는 천변수림대의 폭 원 및 식생의 기능에 대한 연구는 향후 하천 변 생태 복원공사의 기술력 향상을 위한 현실적 대안이 될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 그 이외에도 시공 과정에서 설계자와 지속적인 논의와 피드백 과 정이 필요한 속성을 가진 공사라고 판단되며 향후 생태복원공사의 전반에 걸친 시공 성 평가 의 기법이 지속적으로 개발되어야 하겠다. In this study, constructability of ecolog ocal stream restoration process was evaluated and improved approaches for habitat were suggested. The study site is Gucheon River in Geoje city where conducted ecologocal restoration work within maintaining its flood control function. Application of ecological design factors and constructability in the process from planning to construction was analyzed and its results are as follows: In the process of planning and designing, it was focused more on the naturality of Gucheon River rather than the human convinience and ecological design factors were applied within the ecological capacity of the site. First, the indexes for constructability evaluation is selected. It was classified into three major categories as construction quality, design quality and construction administration system. Each index has details, so there are twenty sub indexes for contractibility evaluation. Second, the evaluation results shows that the index most in need of improvement was plumbing construction, followed by Stone construction and pavement construction. design concept was evaluated as appropriate in entire categories. Finally it is suggested that it can be improved in both process of design to enhance the technology and process of construction to enhance the quality management. The constructability of ecological stream needs adaptive management and it must be discussed with its designing which is at the stage before construction. Also it needs discussion with its designer constantly and feed-back process.

조류 서식지 보전을 위한 친환경적 계획 방안 연구 -부산 강서지구를 중심으로-

박용수 ( Yong Su Park ),한동욱 ( Dong Uk Han ),김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),조동길 ( Dong Gil Cho ),심윤진 ( Yun Jin Shim ),차진열 ( Jin Yeol Cha ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study surveys and analyzes the ecology of Gangseo area to be developed near Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River in Busan - before its development. With the result of the surveys as its basis, the study also finds ways to conserve the area``s bird habitats in response to the planned development. According to the site surveys over four seasons, West Nakdonggang River which is near the targeted development area is a wintering ground for migratory birds. Some representative bird types in this area are ducks, geese, and other water birds. There are even six legally protected species. The average altitude of their flight is calculated to be 92.4±18.8m and the main purpose for the migration is determined to be for food. According to evalution of the conservation value of the area, Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River turns out to have the highest conservation value. Other areas are developable as long as it was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study suggests incorporation of ecological parks and biotopes within the targeted development area along with the proposal for spaces in the surroundings where the wintering birds can rest and feed. Especially for the wintering birds that rest at Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River, their flight direction and pattern was examined to determine that their resting ground should be located 50~100m off of the river bank. Furthermore, this study proposes ways to maximize bird habitat by building ecological corridors between the agricultural channel and other small streams in the targeted development area and the habitats in the surroundings. Lastly, the study suggests the construction of low buildings, at most 20m in height, near Nakdonggang River and West Nakdonggang River considering the birds`` flight altitude and direction.

GIS를 이용한 아산시 마을습지 인벤토리 구축 및 관리 방안 연구

박미옥 ( Mi Ok Park ),양승빈 ( Seung Bin Yang ),구본학 ( Bon Hak Koo ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was conducted to establish an inventory and propose conservation strategies for ‘village wetlands’ in Asan city, Korea, using GIS. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as ‘palustrine`` wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 807 provisional village wetlands(draft) were identified in Asan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 196 wetlands(final) were defined finally as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Asan Village Wetlands after being validated through office works and field survey. The office works analyzed minimum area(greater than 625m2), satellite images, the Korea Land Information System, land use map and land coverage map. To evaluate the function and conservation values, the 37 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying and function assessment based on the following criteria : 1) doubled code both wetland and reservoir at digital map, 2) located less than 100m from village and 3) ecologically connected to such ecological resources as seaside mudflats, mountains and green area and ecological passages for small size wildlifes. As the result of the wetland function assessments by the RAM method, 7 wetlands were found to have ‘high’ wetland function (conservation) 18 wetlands were ‘medium’ (enhancement) and 12 wetlands were ‘low’ (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Asan and connecting with the Ecological Natural Degree were proposed.

함양 상림 복원을 위한 식생 및 입지특성 분석2

박재현 ( Jae Hyeon Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2010 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.13 No.6

This study was conducted to establish a management plan for the Sangrim Woodlands restoration by analyzing the vegetation survey and the site characteristics of the Sangrim Woodlands Natural Monument (Natural Monument 154) in Hamyang-Gun, Gyoungsangnam-Do, Korea. According to the vegetation analysis, the species diversity by the location of Sangrim was higher near forest (1.000) than near urban (0.358) areas. Although forest occupied 53% of the Sangrim woodlands area, it is still insufficient, requiring to transform arable land, lawn, or house areas to the forest within the woodlands. Soil bulk density was increased in access areas frequently used by public, while it was decreased in closed areas. Soil hardness at 0-10 cm soil depth was generally improved in the closed areas, while became worse in the public access areas compared with the soil hardness in 2004.

점봉산 시험림 지역의 지오톱 분류와 지형다양성 연구

김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),한동욱 ( Dong Uk Han ),차진열 ( Jin Yeol Cha ),권혜진 ( Hye Jin Kwon ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),오승환 ( Seung Hwan Oh ),유승화 ( Seung Hwa Yoo ),유동수 ( Dong Su Yu ),박용수 ( Yong Su Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was carried out to suggest fundamental concepts and data ideas for biodiversity and confrontation strategy on global environmental changes by analyzing geomorphic milieu and geotop in Mt. Jeombong experimental forest. Elements of landform were classified as landform sets by scale. Scale for classification could be decide on four categories. We could classify landforms which scale zero is seven elements, scale one is twelve elements, scale two is fifteen elements, scale three is twenty nine elements. Especially mountain wetlands were classed as valley and channel types in Mt. Jeombong. Geotop by clustering methods could be four spatial units as 2, 3, 5, and 7 classes, and analyzed geodiversity as landform sets for explanation of vegetation distribution. Rate of rise of temperature was 0.031°C per year, change ratio was increased 1.25°C, and also precipitation was increased 320mm during forty year(from year 1973 to year 2012). The result of this research can be affordable to provide information for forest management of mountainous areas.

산림소유역에서 MUSLE 유출에너지인자 계수값의 적용성 평가

김재훈 ( Jae Hoon Kim ),최형태 ( Hyung Tae Choi ),임홍근 ( Hong Geun Lim ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate coefficient and exponent of runoff energy in MUSLE for small forest watershed, Hwachoen watershed in Gangwon-do. For 15 rainfall events, runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield were measured and these data were used to calculate coefficient and exponent of runoff energy. The results of this study showed that LS·K·C·P factors of MUSLE were affected by slope steepness. The coefficient and exponent of runoff energy were validated with coefficient of efficiency of 0.92 and these values were suggested to 0.002 and 0.81 respectively. The comparison of the coefficients and exponents between Hwacheon and other forest watersheds showed that these values would reflect the effect of forest management within watershed.

원식생 복원을 위한 산림표토내의 매토종자 적정 활용방안 연구

김남춘 ( Nam Choon Kim ),김호연 ( Ho Yeon Kim ),최미연 ( Mi Yeon Choi ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was conducted to identify forest topsoil’s usefulness from July 2013 to Oct 2014. Generally, there are abundant seeds in topsoils and it can be used at restoration works. Mt. GARIWANG is famous for biodiversity in Korea. This study was aimed to find out the suitable utilization methods of natural topsoils for restoration works at sky-slopes construction sites. Test beds was made to identify suitable collecting times and suitable topsoil thickness. The main results are summarized as follows. First, Mt. GARIWANG have diverse species and in topsoils we can find lots of burried seeds which can be used at restoration works. Second, according to indoor experiment, as the depth of topsoil used thicker, the number of plants and coverage rates were increased. Also, there were no distinct differences in coverage rates between 5cm and 8cm thick topsoil plots and it can be possible to use at least 3cm thick topsoils even thou lower coverage rates. Third, as the results of research about indoor and outdoor experimental plots, there were difference in plant emergency. If we use the stabilizer to protect soil erosion, then we can get more increased results at sloped outdoor experimental plots. Fourth, based on environmental impact assessment, there was 389 species in whole region of Mt. GARIWANG. Through this seed bank experiments, we can find 23 varieties, including 4 tree varieties and 19 herbaceous varieties. We can find lots of native herbaceous species from topsoils. Fifth, this research was done at the specific area of Mt. GARIWANG and used limited topsoils. But we monitoring more longer periods, then there will be more useful outcomes. Finally by researching topsoils of Mt. GARIWANG, we can find diverse native plants. Thus, we must reuse natural topsoils of Mt. Gariwang for restoration of original vegetation.

종 분포 모형을 활용한 새로운 구상나무 서식지 탐색, 그리고 식물보전 활용

김남신 ( Nam Shin Kim ),한동욱 ( Dong Uk Han ),차진열 ( Jin Yeol Cha ),박용수 ( Yong Su Park ),조현제 ( Hyeun Je Cho ),권혜진 ( Hye Jin Kwon ),조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),오승환 ( Seung Hwan Oh ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

Korean fir(Abies koreana E.H.Wilson 1920), endemic tree species of Korean peninsula, is considered as vulnerable and endangered species to recent rapid environmental changes such as land use and climate change. There are limited activities and efforts to find natural habitats of Korean fir for conservation of the species and habitats. In this study, by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models) based on climate and topographic factors of Korean fir, we developed Korean fir’s predicted distribution model and explored novel natural habitats. In Mt. Shinbulsan, Youngnam region and Mt. Songnisan, we could find korean fir’s two novel habitat and the former was the warmest(13°C in annual mean temperature), the driest(1,200mm∼1,600mm in annual rainfall) and relatively low altitude environment among Korean fir’s habitats in Korea. The result of SDMs did not include mountain areas of Gangwon-do as habitats of A. nephrolepis, because there were different contributions of key habitat environment factors, summer rainfall, winter mean temperature and winter rainfall, between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. Our results raise modification of other distribution models on Korean fir. Novel habitat of Korean fir in Mt. Shinbulsan revealed similar habitat affinity of the species, ridgy and rocky site, with other habitats in Korea. Our results also suggest potential areas for creation of Korea fir’s alternative habitats through species reintroduction in landscape and ecosystem level.

국립백두대간수목원의 식물자원 및 관리,활용방안 -수목원 중점조성지역, 문수산, 옥석산을 중심으로-

정보광 ( Bo Kwang Chung ),강신구 ( Sin Gu Gang ),배준규 ( Jun Gyu Bae ),김재현 ( Jae Hyeon Kim ),성정원 ( Jeong Won Sung ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),이상용 ( Sang Yong Lee ),윤홍균 ( Hong Gyun Youn ),임진현 ( Jin Hyeon Im ),이영수 ( 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was carried out to survey the vascular plants of Baekdudaegan Arboretum area. The results are as follows. The numbers of flora in this study area were summarized as 655 taxa including 95 families, 332 genera, 567 species, 5 subspecies, 72 varieties and 11 formas. The rare plants were 17 taxa including Parasenecio firmus, Rhododendron micranthum, Iris odaesanensis, Lysimachia coreana and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 16 taxa including Weigela subsessilis, Heloniopsis koreana, Salix koriyanagi, Vicia chosenensis and so forth. Plants Adaptable to Climate Change were Northern plants 18 species, Southern plants 2 species, endemic plants 10 species. The naturalized plants were 44 taxa and ratios of naturalized index and urbanization index were estimated Core area 10.2% and 4.9%, Mt. Munsu 4.9% and 2.3% and Mt. Okseok 5.5% and 2.6%. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 3taxa(2.5%) of grade Ⅴ, 12taxa(11.0%) of grade Ⅳ, 22taxa(20.2%) of grade Ⅲ, 35taxa(32.1%) of grade Ⅱ. In life forms, hemicryptophytes were The most dominant. Next was a Therophytes. In addition, 492 taxa were categorized by usage into 8 groups, as follows: Edible 239taxa(36.5%), Fiber 10taxa(1.5%), Industrial 1taxon(0.2%), Miscellaneous 183taxa(27.9%), Ornamental 65taxa(9.9%), Pasturing 259taxa(39.5%), Siscellaneousg 14taxa(2.1%) and Timer 21taxa(3.2%).

충남 광역생태네트워크 자연녹지의 훼손 인자 및 원인에 관한 연구

이종문 ( Jong Mun Lee ),조용현 ( Yong Hyeon Cho ),김광동 ( Kwang Dong Kim ),이민우 ( Minwoo Lee ),김진기 ( Jinki Kim ),최정권 ( Jung Kwon Choi ),김원태 ( Won Tae Kim ),윤충원 ( Chung Weon Yun ),강희경 ( Hee Kyoung Kang ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study aimed to classify damaged lands, to find what are the damage factors affecting the studied area, and to present a prescription in order to provide some benefit for the restoration of Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province. Finally we classified damaged lands from 1st to 4th damaged lands according to relative intensity of damage. The main damage factors for the First Damage Lands were humus horizon, soil hardness and plant species richness. In the Second Damage Lands, those were soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Third Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Fourth Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, organic matter, soil hardness, EC, T-N content, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In every cases, the damage of soil and vegetation was originated due to development carried out by human being. The changes in soil condition were not big enough for it to affect plant growth, however, degradation of vegetation was still severe.