인공습지에서의 질소제거를 위한 CANON 공정

이창균(Chang-Gyun Lee) 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2010 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

Constructed wetlands have been increasingly used as a low-energy 'green' technique since the mid-1990s, in the treatment of wastewater, driven by rising cost of fossil fuels and increasing concern about climate change. They are man-made systems or engineered wetland that are designed, built, and operated to emulate function of natural wetlands for human desires and needs. Among various applications of these wetlands, one area that is of significant importance is the removal of nitrogenous pollutants, to protect water environment and enable effective reclamation and reuse of wastewater. This report provides a current state of constructed wetland technology, focusing on CANON(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite) process that existing types of wetlands, the mechanisms and kinetics of nitrogen removal, wetland design to system performance.

원문 : 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향

조봉오 ( Bong Oh Cho ),이인녕 ( In Yeong Lee ),정균근 ( Gyun Geun Jeong ),장창현 ( Chang Hyun Jang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

조봉오, 이인녕, 정균근, 장창현. 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 30대 남자 사무직 근로자의 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 3호, 241-248, 2014. 본 연구의 목적은 일과 중 대부분을 좌업근무 형태로 업무를 수행하고, 스트레스로 인해 음주가 잦고, 운동이 부족한 30대 남자 사무직 음주자 15명을 대상으로 좌업 시간과 알코올 섭취가 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 사무직 근로자에게 건강관리에 필요한 정보를 제공하는데 있다. S대학 운동 생리학 실험실에서 사전 인적 사항과 설문을 작성하고, 신장, 체중, 채혈, 혈압, 혈관탄성, BMI를 측정하였다. 알코올 섭취 횟수, 섭취량, 좌업 시간, 그리고 음주 섭취 전과 후 및 시간대별 (10분, 40분, 60분) 혈압과 혈관탄성의 변화를 측정 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 평균 좌업시간이 9.87시간, 음주횟수 및 음주량은 월 평균 9.13회와 12.47잔 이였다. 2) 알코올 섭취횟수 및 섭취량에 따른 BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, 혈압과 혈관탄성 비교에서 알코올 섭취횟수에서 좌상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 3) 알코올 섭취 전, 후 비교 분석 결과 우상지와 좌상지의 혈관탄성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 4) 알코올 섭취 후 시간대별 우상지 혈관탄성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 좌업 시간이 혈압과 혈관탄성에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았고, 알코올 섭취는 혈관탄성에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이는 직장생활의 스트레스를 음주로 해소하는 경향이 있음을 보여주며 건강에 부정적인 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 신체가 음주에 적응되어 실험 시 섭취한 적은 양(1/2병)은 1회 12.47잔에 비해 혈압과 혈관탄성에 큰 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 사료된다. Cho, Bong-Oh, Lee, In-Yeong, Jeong, Gyun-Geun, Jang, Chang-Hyun. Effects of Sedentary Occupation Time and Alcohol Intake on Blood Pressure and Vascular Compliance in 30s Male White-Collar Workers. Exercise Science, 23(3): 241-248. 2014. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of duration of sedentary office work and alcohol intake on blood pressure and vascular compliance in male subjects who were office workers aged between 30 to 39 and frequently drink alcoholic beverages to cope with their stress without exercising for health. The study was to provide health-related information necessary for white-collar workers. We collected data of demographic information, height, weight, blood sample, blood pressure, vascular compliance, and BMI from 15 subjects in S University`s Exercise Physiology Laboratory, and analyzed the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, duration of sedentary work, and changes in blood pressure and vascular compliance at diffident time points (10, 40, and 60 minutes post drinking) from baseline. I t was found that the average time of sedentary work was 9.87 hours, drinking 9.13 times a month on average, 12.47 glasses of alcohol beverages per drink. In comparison of BMI, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, blood pressure and vascular compliance upon the frequency and amount of alcohol intake, the upper left limb`s vascular compliance had a statistically significant difference (p<.05). In the result of the comparative analysis of pre-and post-drinking, vascular compliance was significantly different in the upper right and left limbs (p<.05). Vascular compliance in the upper right limb after drinking significantly changed (p<.05). As a result, the duration of sedentary work had no statistically significant difference in blood pressure and vascular compliance. T he vascular compliance after drinking h ad a statistically significant difference. This suggested that the result was an index that shows the trend of the office workers releasing their work stress by drinking alcoholic beverages, and that drinking had negative impacts on them. In addition, a small amount of intake (a half bottle) at the test time, after the body was adjusted to drinking, compared with 12.47 glasses per intake, had no great impacts on blood pressure and vascular compliance.

지열시스템의 그라우트 및 수온변화가 미생물에 미치는 영향 실험

조윤주,이진용,김창균,한지선,Jo, Yun-Ju,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Chang-Gyun,Han, Ji-Sun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2009 지하수토양환경 Vol.14 No.4

Objective of this study was to examine the effects of grouts and temperature change on microorganisms in geothermal heat pump. Groundwater samples were obtained from wells in the heat pump system during installation (Oriental medicine hospital) and in the heat pump system under operation (Business incubation center). Grouts are the volclay sodium bentonite. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate total bacterial number and 16S rDNA. The results showed that total bacterial number of groundwater in the heat pump operation was greater than that of non-operation case, which indicates a temperature effect on the bacterial culture. In addition, high concentration of grout showed an elevated bacteria number. In the mean time, a long-term field monitoring is essentially required to confirm the effects of the grouts and the temperature changes. 본 논문은 지열시스템의 설치 시 사용되는 그라우트와 운영에 따른 수온변동이 유발할 수 있는 미생물학적 영향을 실내실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 시료는 지열히트펌프가 아직 가동되지 않는 관정(한방병원)과 지열 히트펌프가 가동 중인 곳(창업보육센터)에서 채취하였다. 실험에 사용한 그라우트는 볼클레이 벤토나이트로 나트륨(Na)계이며 Real-time PCR을 사용하여 각 시료에서 추출된 총 유전자 DNA 중 세균이 가지고 있는 16S rDNA를 정량함으로써 전체 세균의 양을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 지열히트펌프가 가동 중인 지하수에서 총 세균양이 가장 많았으며 벤토나이트를 주입하면서 세균수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한편 그라우트 및 수온영향을 보다 명확하게 파악하기 위해서는 장기적인 현장모니터링이 요구된다.

R&D 투자 영향평가 기반 구축 및 시범분석

황석원(Seog-Won, Hwang),오승환(Seung-Hwan, Oh),우청원(Ceung-Won, Woo),장필성(Pil-Seoung, Jang),홍사균(Sa-Gyun, Hong),강희종(Hee-Jong, Kang),최창택(Chang-Taek, Choi),김기환(Gi-Hwan, Kim),이재진(Jae-Jin, Lee),김지훈(Ji-Hoon, Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

This study is a late study of “An Exploratory Study on STI policy impact assessment”. In the research of 2015, in principle, it is necessary to evaluate not only R&D investment but also general policies such as various promotion systems, standards and regulations by putting the term “policy impact assessment” in front of it We emphasized the points. However, it is practically very difficultto collect and analyze detailed data of all STI policies. In addition, it is also restricted to allow policy researchers to access data within a certain range. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact assessment of R&D investment, which accounts for the largest percentage of STI policies. In this research, the impact assessment system of R&D investment is analyzed by classifying it into evaluation of economic impact and social impact assessment. Also, the evaluation of economic impact was analyzed separating into a micro viewpoint and a macro viewpoint. First, The analysis of the economic impact assessment of the micro viewpoint relates to how the government’s R&D investment affects enterprises. Specifically, the main analysis target was the employment and investment of companies, the impact on sales and profits. Second, The Analysis for macroeconomic impact assessment on the economy is related to the influence of government’s R&D investment such as national economic growth, employment etc. We also analyzed the spillover effect by industry according to R&D investment. Third, The social impact assessment is to analyze how R&D investment has impacted technology-based social change. This study is a very difficult attempt. However, we analyzed from the point of view of the consumer considering all social change areas as much as possible. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the study of economic impact evaluation shows the effect of R&D investment and it can be used as a basis to improve the efficiency and goal of R&D investment in future sectors such as employment, economic growth and investment. Second, through research on social impact assessment, government R&D investment has focused on specific areas in terms of improving the quality of life and social development of people, and confirmed that most social sectors are neglected. In addition, we proposed policy priorities for specific social change indicators and social sectors and proposed long-term R&D investment strategies. Finally, this study is expected to contribute to the establishment of future strategy of private enterprise through the measurement of social change index, the social influence of private research and development, and the influence of technology shock from abroad.

소프트웨어 아키텍처 기반 프레임워크 개발에 관한 연구

이창훈,김태균,이경환 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

소프트웨어 개발에 있어 재사용의 필요성은 오랫동안 주장되어 왔고, 코드 수준의 재사용에서 지식 수준의 재사용을 목적으로 한 프레임워크를 통한 어플리케이션 개발 기술로까지 이어져 왔다. 프레임워크는 기본적으로 소프트웨어 개발 시 얻어진 생산물들을 상위레벨의 추상화 과정을 통해 그 분석 및 설계 정보의 재사용을 통해 소프트웨어의 재사용 범위를 넓히고자 하는 시도이다. 그러나 이 프레임워크는 역호출관계를 통한 어플리케이션 개발 시스템이기 때문에 어플리케이션에 대한 아키텍처 정보를 모두 가지고 있어야 한다. 기존의 프레임워크의 경우 이런 아키텍처 정보는 설계 수준에서만 머물고 바로 코드 수준에서 정의, 사용되는 형태를 가져왔다. 그래서 프레임워크의 확장이나 컴포지션 시 코드를 재 설계하고 구현해야 하는 문제점이 있다. 즉 아키텍처 정보를 설계 수준과 코드 재사용 수준의 중간 형태인 언어로서 개발, 사용해야할 필요성이 생겼다. 이에 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 연구에 중점을 두었다. 첫째로 아키텍처 정보를 보다 구체화하는 방법으로 ADL을 통한 표현 방법에 대해 정의하였다. 둘째로 기존의 추상화된 컴포넌트 기반 프레이워크 개발 공정을 아키텍처 정보를 구체화하여 개발하는데 적합하도록 그 공정을 개선하였다. 셋째로 ADL로 표현된 아키텍처 정보를 프레임워크를 통한 어플리케이션 개발에 필요한 정보로 활용하여 개발할 수 있도록 제안하였다. 전체적으로 논문에서 연구된 내용은 아키텍처 기반 프레임워크를 개발하고자 할 때 필요한 개념의 ADL을 통한 표현과 개발 방법을 정의하는 것이다. The need of reuse has been emphasized in the process of software development, so the current reuse technology is able to provide reuse of the analysis and designing process, and the reuse of code by providing reusable class and component library. The reuse by using framework is proposed to improve productivity. It is a set of usable and expandable classes and their connectivity. But frameworks are described with programming languages, it is hard for developers to learn the collaborative patterns of a framework by reading it. Patterns are one approach to improving the documentation. But this should be redesigned to expand and redefine the framework. The necessity of the formal description of architecture information is being proposed to relate to programming language. This paper support the following points. First of all, it has been proposed the description of the needed elements when developing a framework using ADL. Secondly, the current development process has been refined to be suitable for developing the domain framework. Thirdly, it has been proposed the development of a application using a framework implemented by an architecture information described with ADL. Overally, the main contents of this research is defining the ideas of a description and development of an architecture framework using ADL.

골수구성 백혈병 환자에게 발생한 결핵성 림프절염

이창섭,송진수,최평균,조재현,방지환,박경화,박완범,김홍빈,김남중,윤성수,박선양,김병국,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.5

혈액질환 가운데 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 알려진 것은 호지킨 림프종을 포함한 림프증식성질환 그리고 모양세포성 백혈병 등이 있다. 또한 동종 골수이식을 받은 환자에서도 결핵은 증가한다고 알려져있다. Kaplan 등은 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 보고하였다. 그러나 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵의 발생이 증가하는 이유에 대해서는 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 저자들이 2년 동안 후향적으로 조사한 180명의 성인 골수구성 백혈병 환자들 가운데 결핵이 발생한 환자는 4명이었고, 발생 부위는 모두 림프절이었다. 결핵은 골수구성 백혈병의 특정 아형에만 국한되어 발생하지 않았지만, 50%에서 FAB 분류에 의한 M4였다. 림프절이 종대된 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 특히, 결핵의 유병율이 높은 나라에서는 결핵성 림프절염도 감별진단에 포함시켜야 한다. During the neutropenic phase, leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy are prone to bacterial and, fungal infections; occasionally mycobacterial, viral and protozoal organisms may also cause infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was reported very rarely in these patients. This report describes four patients with M. tuberculosis infection identified from 185 adult patients who were diagnosed myelogenous leukemia between January 2003, and December 2004. There was no patient with M. tuberculosis infection from 44 lymphoid leukemia and 11 acute biphenotypic leukemia patients. Sites of infection were all lymph nodes. Three among four patients were presented with lymphadenopathy at initial diagnosis of leukemia, and the other one presented with lymphadenopathy after induction chemotherapy. There was no patient presented with lymphadenopathy during the neutropenic phase. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was presented in a patient with three acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB class 2 M4, 1 M2) and a chronic myelogenous leukemia, accelerated phase. An acute myelogenous leukemia patient had a leukemic cell and tubercle bacilli in the same lymph node. Tuberculosis should also be included as a differential diagnosis in myelogenous leukemia patient with lymphadenopathy, especially in the countries in which the disease is endemic.

마을하수처리시설의 처리특성과 효율

이창균,임봉수 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of small-decentralized sewage treatment facilities in Chung-nam province, investigate the maintenance problems and removal efficiency of the facilities. As the analytical results on affective factors to water quality concentration, the BOD removal efficiency was 90% when the volumetric loading of aeration tank has been 0.6-0.7kgBOD/㎥·d and the nitrogen removal efficiency was about 30% at 0.5kgN/㎥·d. Therefore it is required to establish nitrogen removal process to prevent serious eutroiphication of small river. The average concentration of effluent for 12 facilities was 11.6mg/l BOD, 11.5mg/l COD, 7.7mg/l SS, 23.968mg/l T-N and 4.721mg/l T-P. Also, the removal efficiency of pollutant in order was 81.6% BOD, 72.9% COD, 77.7% SS, 33.5% T-N and 31.3% T-P. The quality of all effluent was less than discharge quality standard. But the removal efficiency of N, P was very low. Seasonal effluent water quality of each process was constant except High-efficient Sewage Treatment Package. BOD and SS concentration in Contact Oxidation process changed widely and another items such as COD, T-N and T-P was similar to all processes on hourly variation measurement. The problems of facilities were responsible management evasion of the subjects, lack of awareness by the residents to the facility, civil appeals such as electricity tax and noise and so on. So it is suggested that operator has to analyze the water quality of facilities periodically and it is necessary to support systematical, administrative measures and technical complement for responsible management.

작업의 특성에 종속되는 병렬기계의 일정계획을 위한 발견적 기법

이동현,이경근,김재균,박창권,장길상 한국경영과학회 2000 經營 科學 Vol.17 No.1

In the real world, situations that some jobs need be processed only on certain limited machines frequently occur due to the capacity restrictions of machines such as tools, fixtures, or material handing equipment in this paper, we consider n-job, non-preemptive and m parallel machines scheduling problem having two machines group The objective function is to minimize the sum of earliness and tardiness with different release times and due dates The problems is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem The problem is proved to be NP-complete Thus, a heuristic is developed to solve this problem To illustrate its suitability and efficiency, a proposed heuristic is compared with a genetic algorithm and tabu search for a large number of randomly generated test problems in ship engine assembly shop Through the experimental results, it is showed that the proposed algorithm yields good solutions efficiently

가압경수로 보조급수계통의 퍼지고장수목분석에 관한 연구

이창균,황원국 慶熙大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)has been widely used to analyze the reliability of large and complex engineering systems. FTA is based on probability theory, and would be perfect when all data were defined manifestly. However, when data is infered from expert's judgement of the human error is quantified, this methodology may not apporopriate because of inherent fuzziness of the data used. In this regard, a possible alternative is to utilize Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis(FFTA)methodology which is based on a possibilistic approach using the expression with natual language for the various fuzziness. In this paper, a possibilistic approach and fuzzy probabilistic approach based on fuzzy set theory are suggested, and the results of the evalution of failure possibity and fuzzy measure for the Auxiliary Feedwater System of Pressurized Water Reactor given in WASH―1400 are presented.

납기와 조립가능 시점을 고려한 병렬기계의 스케쥴링을 위한 발견적 해법

이동현,이경근,김재균,박창권,장길상 한국경영과학회 2000 한국경영과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

In this paper, we consider an n-job, non-preemptive and identical parallel machine scheduling problem of minimizing the sum of earliness and tardiness with different release times and due dates. In the real world, this problem is more realistic than the problems that release times equal to zero or due dates are common. The problem is proved to be NP-complete. Thus, a heuristic is developed to solve this problem. To illustrate its suitability, a proposed heuristic is compared with a genetic algorithm for a large number of randomly generated test problems. computational results show the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed heuristic. In summary, the proposed heuristic provides good solutions than genetic algorithm when the problem size is large.