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- 저자 : 한지선 (검색결과 165 건)
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「混一疆理歷代國都之圖」상에 비춰진 촐라 왕조와 무역 네트워크 ― 11~13세기 중국 문헌상의 남인도 지명과 지리 정보에 대한 분석 ―
한지선 동양사학회 2024 東洋史學硏究 Vol.166 No.-
This study investigated place names to the east of South India transcribed in Ganglido(Honilgangriyeokdaegukdojido) . The place names were arranged in accordance to characteristics of the map where capitals of the past dynasties were transcribed. Although the arrangement was simple, but it was discovered that Minata(美那它) that had not yet been identified was Manyakheta. In that Godabari River seemed to be the Northern limit on the map, the map could be understood under the influence of the Chola. The South India in Ganglido used place names that had been known from the ancient times, but when it was approached in time line of the Chola Dynasty of the 11th century and 13th century, the geographical information was definitely shown. It seemed that the period when information on Sari(沙里), Mapala(馬八兒), Gaik(加益) and Molteukbul(没特不) was reflected was the middle period of the 11th through 13th century. Such place names were characterized by commercial and international nature and reflected activities of multi-national merchants. The words such as Minata(美那它), Nagulri(那乞里) and Gwandae(光歹) showed the information on the status of cities or inland areas. Meanwhile, it was assumed that information on South India was obtained as exchanges between Chola Dynasty and Song Dynasty increased in the 11th century and was the results of direct exchange in information on South India. However, the local place names identified in the Song Dynasty and those of Ganglido were different in types, and it is hard to simply consider that the information on South India in Ganglido was collected by exchanges between Song and Chola dynasties. In consideration of internationality that was found in information on place names and exactness on inland areas, it was assumed that merchant organizations(generally speeking the merchant guilds or the trade guilds) that made active cooperation for administration and national management of Chola Dynasty would exist rather than Chola Dynasty itself. Activities of merchant organizations were vaguely detected before and after Christ, but they were grown up as influential organizations over the whole South India along with territorial expansion in about 10th century. In particular, as Ancuvannam and others became powerful cooperators through networking between commercial cities of Chola and cooperation for tax collection, and Chola supported merchants based on tax and military power obtained, they had an influential power over the whole South India. In particular, merchant organizations with the Kerala Coast as the base were multi-national and as they were connected to diverse religions including Christians, the Jews, the Persians, the Arabs, they were connected to inland merchant organizations in about 10th century. In consideration of international and commercial characteristics or characteristics on information on inland areas, it is assumed that place names of South India reflected their activities. South India transcribed in Ganglido is very distorted. However, as a result of defining place names of cities, it was discovered that significantly exact information was collected. It was also assumed that it was an influence of active activities of multi-national merchant organizations. That is, it indicated that the transcription of South India in Ganglido reflected commercial innovation that had appeared in center of South India in the 11th century through 13th century and trade network between merchants.
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안면마비 환자에 대한 Sunnybrook Facial Grading System의 적용 실태 분석 : 후향적 관찰연구
한지선,권민수,김정환,조대현,조희진,최지은,김지혜,김현호,이상훈,박영재,박영배 대한침구의학회 2016 대한침구의학회지 Vol.33 No.4
The Application State of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System for Facial Palsy Patients : A retrospective study Ji Sun Han1, Min Soo Kwon2, Jung Hwan Kim2, Dae Hyun Jo2, Hee Jin Jo2, Ji Eun Choi2, Ji Hye Kim2, Hyun Ho Kim1, Sang Hoon Lee2, Young Jae Park1 and Young Bae Park1,* 1Department of Biofunctional Medicine & Diagnostics, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University 2Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Objectives : Among the assessment tools for evaluating facial function, the House-Brackmann scale is used as a standard tool, but it has some shortcomings. The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System can assess the after effects of facial palsy and facial movement by each part of the face. By understanding the application state of this Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, we intend to analyze the relationship between House-Brackmann scale score and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System score so that we can examine the advantages of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System as a more accurate tool. Methods : We screened both inpatients and outpatients who visited the Facial Palsy Center at Kyung Hee University Hospital for Korean medical treatment and were evaluated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System from December 2015 to October 2016. A total of 159 out of 166 patients were studied, including basic characteristics and missing data. We used descriptive statistics for general features of patients and SPSS Ver.18 for statistical analysis. Results : House-Brackmann scale and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System have high negative correlation through Pearson Correlation Coefficient with a score of –0.884. Analyzing outlier data resulting from relation analysis between the House-Brackmann scale and the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System showed many outliers when the damaged state of each part of the face is different. Conclusion : Sunnybrook Facial Grading System can make up for faults of the House-Brackmann scale, which is inferior in accuracy when each damage status of each part of the face is different. Sunnybrook Facial Grading System performs a detailed assessment of facial function and sequelae of facial palsy easier than the House-Brackmann scale.
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洪武年間의 對外政策과 ‘海禁’ - 『大明律』 상의 ‘海禁’조항의 재분석
한지선 한국중국학회 2009 중국학보 Vol.60 No.-
本稿旨在關注明初對外局勢, 對外政策中海禁實施的過程和效果以及『大明律』法律條款的研究。 建國初北方問題的解決和內治安定的過程, 可以認爲洪武帝無視海洋的社會經濟成果而實施海禁政策。 即作爲新生王朝的明朝面臨着北方的蒙古以及沿海的倭寇ㆍ海寇, 應當肅清對內外的氛圍和構築新的中華秩序。 雖然在建國初期明政府通過開市舶招引朝貢使節等政策活躍海外貿易, 洪武6ㆍ7年間卻限制朝鮮, 日本的朝貢使節拒絕他們的朝貢, 並且廢止了沿海地區的市舶。 三佛齊事件的發生使得洪武14年以後限制東南亞諸國的貿易, 通過卻貢來行使外交影響力, 隨着堪合制度的實施更加縮小了朝貢的對象和範圍。 沿海的治安問題關系着政權的安定, 統治力的確保, 外交和貿易途徑的掌握, 以及明政權對海外諸國影響力的擴大化。 特別是爲了全方位的壓制北方問題必須確保海上和邊境的統治。 明政府采取措施使得張士誠ㆍ方國珍的殘余勢力無力化, 海上貿易遺存勢力納入明朝統治體制。 並且爲了強化沿海地區的統治對島嶼實施大規模的遷徒政策, 把沿海地區民衆編入衛所軍士, 禁止貿易, 鹽業, 漁業。 隨着倭寇威脅的持續增加, 明政府把倭寇狄夷的過程中將所有海外貿易活動都視爲通番。 洪武19年明政府以胡惟庸‘私通外國’違反海禁私通外國的謀反行爲將他繩之以法。 在縮小貿易規模和範圍, 加強整個沿海統治擴大化期間洪武22ㆍ30年頒布了『大明律』。 依據『大明律』關聯到海上貿易的條款‘船商匿貨’條款和‘私充牙行埠頭’條款, 法律允許的情況下不禁止沿海和海外的貿易。 海禁條款雖然是元代爲了限制秘密貿易的市舶則法的繼承, 但是‘允許’的概念到了明代則全變了。 相對元代進出港的船舶只要上繳稅金就可以自由交易的條款, 到了明代只是極度控制在允許的範圍下進行交易。 控制海路的使用廢止市舶縮小朝貢的對象和範圍。 並且根據沿海地區異族交通控制的條款‘私越冒度關津’和‘私出外境及違禁下海’以達到政治ㆍ軍事目的。 依據‘私出外境及違禁下海’條款, 如果獲得貿易允許的人攜帶違禁品去海外遭到揭發, 以‘中國寶物流出對異族無利’的宗旨下將會受到處罰, 這是爲政治軍事牽制海外國家和民族的法律條款。 根據‘私越冒度關津’條款沒有得到允許, 出海到達外國的情況以越境的名義得到處罰。 明初的海禁是‘私通外國之禁’。 ‘私通外國’即是由于邊防控制出入而擴大到對海上解釋的。 洪武21年根據溫州的通番案如果認爲沿海地區的貿易是‘棄市’的重罰的話當時海禁擴大到‘私通外國之禁’的過程可以說更加強力的執行了。
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A Case of Pathologic Splenic Rupture as the Initial Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2
한지선,오성용,김성현,권혁찬,홍숙희,한진영,박기재,김효진 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.1
A pathologic splenic rupture refers to a rupture without trauma. A splenic rupture as the initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia is extremely rare. In this study, we described a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting principally as an acute abdomen due to a pathologic splenic rupture in a 35-year old male patient. We can assert that a pathologic splenic rupture in hematologic diseases is a potentially life-threatening complication, which necessitates immediate operative intervention. Any such patient complaining about left upper abdominal tenderness should be closely observed, and further diagnostic investigations (ultrasonograph of the abdomen, abdominal CT scan) should be initiated in order to rule out a splenic rupture. The oncologist should be aware of this rare initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2, as the condition generally necessitates a prompt splenectomy.
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