시간선호를 통해 본 노인의 경제적 의사결정 : 경제교육 필요성에 대한 함의

전은지,박성빈,최민식 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2017 교과교육학연구 Vol.21 No.5

노인인구가 많아지는 우리 사회에서 노인들의 경제활동에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 이에 따라 평생교육으로서의 경제교육에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 노인인구의 경제적 의사결정의 특성을 이해하기 위해 노인들을 대상으로 시간할인율을 측정하여 노인들의 시간선호 특징을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 노인들의 합리적 경제 생활을 위한 경제교육의 필요성에 대한 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. 노인들의 시간선호의 특징을 살펴보기 위해 60세 이상 남녀노인 73명을 대상으로 경제실험을 실시하여 개인의 시간할인율을 측정하였다. 시간할인율은 개인의 현재지향적인 특성, 충동성, 자기통제력 부족, 근시안적인 성향 등을 설명하는 변수이다. 연구결과 노인은 청소년과 비교하였을 때 상대적으로 낮은 시간할인율을 보였다. 이는 청소년이 노인에 비하여 충동성이 높고 자기 통제력이 약하다는 점을 시사한다. 또한 본인의 노후시기 포함 여부 인식과 기대여명, 장애진단여부, 봉사활동 경험유무 등으로 노인집단을 구분하였을 때, 집단 간에 시간 할인율의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본인이 노후시기에 포함되지 않는다고 인식하고 기대여명이 짧은 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단에 비하여 시간할인율이 높았다. 또한 장애진단을 받고, 봉사활동 경험을 가진 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단에 비하여 시간할인율이 높았다. 이상의 분석을 통해 노인경제교육을 포함한 평생경제교육 또한 미래지향적인 소비 생활을 이끌 수 있는 내용이 포함되어야 함을 이해할 수 있었다. This study focuses on older adults who are over 60 years old and investigates the relationship between time preferences and some related variables to understand the characteristics of elderly people's economic decision making. We investigate the time preferences of 73 elderly men and women living in Seoul by using the rate of time discount suggested by behavioral economics. The rate of time discounted is well known as an important explanatory variable that indicates an individual's impulsiveness, self-control, and present orientation. We discovered that older adults' average rate of time discount was lower than that of young adults, and this result was statistically significant. This result implies that aged people are less likely to be impulsive and more likely to show higher self-control. We also found that those who identify with the aged group and think that their remaining life is relatively shorter show higher rates of time discount than those who consider themselves still ‘not old enough’. In addition, older adults with disability also tended to show higher rates of time discount. This implies that lifelong economics education is needed to promote the ability of economic decision making with longer term perspective.

자유롭게 사는 ‘유랑 부부’

전은지 샘터사 2020 월간 샘터 Vol.604 No.-

창업가 특성요인과 창업코칭활동이 창업성과에 미치는 영향: 의식전환을 매개로

전은지,양영석,김명숙 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.1

This paper is brought to analyze an impact of coaching activities over entrepreneur with respect to entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics on the performance of Startups focusing on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion effect. In particular, the situation of falling focus of serious startup failure on uncoachable obstinate entrepreneur among the several causes of startup failures, this paper define the research mission of reducing this risk by inducing coaching types of cooperations between senior entrepreneur having serial successful startup experiences and beginning entrepreneur. This paper carry out literature reviews chiefly on startup coaching researches rather than mentoring studies because coaching stressing on self-oriented problem defining and solving by entrepreneur actively tend to be more effective than mentoring relying on mentor’s guideline passively as solving startup’s main upcoming problems. This paper implement four related researches. First, the impact analysis of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on coaching activities, second, influences of entrepreneurs environmental factors on them, Third, impact of coaching activities on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion effect, Fourth, how strongly this conversion effect contributing on the performance of startup. As results of empirical research, first, this paper prove that entrepreneur’s environmental factors impact positively on coaching activities over entrepreneur although failing on validating on significant impact of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on coaching activities. Second, this paper prove that coaching activities positively influence on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion, hence ultimately positively on the performance of startups. As conclusion, this paper validate that coaching activities over entrepreneur through inducing on the conversion of entrepreneur’s awareness lead entrepreneur to setting the bar high and accountable planning of business milestone. This paper contribute on delivering policy implication that government initiatin action-oriented training program for entrepreneurs should accept the module of coaching session to produce more effective results. 본 연구는 창업가 개인특성과 환경특성이 창업코칭활동과 창업가 의식전환을 매개로 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 특히 본 논문은 여러 사업실패원인이 있지만, 대다수의 창업가들이 유연하지 못한 사고로 인하여 성공적인 창업을 하지 못하고 좌절하는 것이 큰 문제로 제기되고 있는 상황에서 이 위험을 줄이기 위해 사업 및 시장경험자와 코칭을 통한 협력적 사업실행이 요구됨을 문제제기로 작성되었다. 본 논문은 선행연구를 창업코칭 중심으로 진행하였는데, 이는 멘토링이 창업가의 문제점 해결함에 있어 멘토의 직접적인 의견을 제시하는 방식으로 진행되어 창업자가 스스로 문제를 인식하고 해결하는 행동지향적인 과정이 미흡하여 이는 창업가의 근본적인 문제 해결에 대한 한계점이 있다는 지적에서 코칭의 중요성이 강조되고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 크게 네 가지 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째, 창업가의 개인특성이 창업코칭활동에 영향을 미치는지 여부 분석, 둘째, 창업가의 환경특성이 창업코칭활동에 영향을 미치는지 여부, 셋째, 창업코칭활동이 창업가의 의식전환에 영향을 미치는지 여부, 넷째, 이러한 창업가의 의식전환이 창업성과에 미치는 영향분석 등이다. 실증분석의 결과, 본 연구는 창업가 개인특성이 창업코칭활동에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였지만, 창업가 환경특성은 창업코칭활동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 창업코칭활동은 창업가의 의식전환에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 창업가 의식전환은 창업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 이로써 본 연구는 창업코칭활동과 창업가 의식전환이 창업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결론은 창업코칭활동으로 창업가의 의식이 전환되어, 창업성과를 높이기 위한 목표 재설정과 실행계획 수립에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구결과는 창업기업을 대상으로 하는 다양한 실전창업교육 프로그램들에 코칭방식의 진행이 적극 수용되어야 함을 시사점으로 제시하고 있다.

Osteostimulating Ability of β-tricalcium Phosphate/collagen Composite as a Practical Bone-grafting Substitute: In vitro and in vivo Comparison Study with Commercial One

전은지,김성호,이동건,조윤기,기미란,박창주,장현석,안진수,백승필,전상호 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.6

A biocompatible and biodegradable bioceramic, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been widely considered as a safe and effective alternative to autograft for bone reconstruction due to its excellent osteoconductivity. Here, we prepared the composite of β-TCP and collagen (β-TCP/ col) to investigate whether such a bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic synthetic bone graft can achieve a highly accelerated bone growth comparable to a commercially available bone substitute. The bone regenerating effects of the β-TCP/col block were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparison with Bio-Oss Collagen® (Bio-Oss/col). Preosteoblasts showed similar levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in the β-TCP/col and Bio-Oss/col scaffolds. Expression levels of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), increased significantly in cells on the collagen plug compared to the control (without any bone graft material). Notably, cells on the β-TCP/col scaffold exhibited more than 2-fold higher expression levels of ALP and OCN compared to the Bio-Oss/col scaffold. In addition, in vivo animal experiments showed that the β-TCP/col scaffold induced a remarkably accelerated bone formation (~69.54%) compared to the Bio-Oss/col scaffold (~67.08%) and the collagen plug (~11.47%) at 8 weeks after implantation. These results indicated that the composite of β-TCP and collagen (β-TCP/col) showing a comparable bone-regenerating ability could be used as a substitute for the most commercially available Bio-Oss Collagen®.

초기 성인의 COVID-19 스트레스와 우울의 관계: SNS 이용강도로 조절된 상향비교의 매개효과

전은지,최기현,하정희 한국상담심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SNS upward comparison and SNS usage intensity in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and depression in young adults. The main findings are as follows: First, COVID-19 stress, SNS upward comparison, and depression were positively correlated with each other. SNS usage intensity was negatively correlated with COVID-19 stress and positively correlated with SNS upward comparison, but not with depression. Second, COVID-19 stress had a significant effect on depression, which was partially mediated by SNS upward comparison. Third, SNS intensity moderated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and SNS upward comparison. Finally, the indirect effect of COVID-19 stress on depression via SNS upward comparison was moderated by SNS usage intensity. Several implications for the depression of young adults in the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. 본 연구는 초기 성인기에 해당하는 COVID-19 스트레스가 우울에 미치는 영향에서 SNS 상향비교와 SNS 이용강도가 어떠한 역할을 하는지 확인하여 각 변인 간의 관계를 탐색하고, 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 설문 링크를 구성하였고, 최종적으로 총 280부의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, COVID-19 스트레스, SNS 상향비교, 우울은 각각 정적 상관을 나타내었으며 SNS 이용강도는 COVID-19 스트레스와 부적 상관, SNS 상향비교와는 정적 상관을 나타내었고 우울과는 유의미한 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, COVID-19 스트레스가 우울에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 여기에서 SNS 상향비교가 부분 매개하였다. 셋째, COVID-19 스트레스와 SNS 상향비교 사이의 관계를 SNS 이용강도가 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, COVID-19 스트레스가 SNS 상향비교를 통하여 우울에 미치는 간접적인 영향을 SNS 이용강도가 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통하여 COVID-19 스트레스와 같은 팬데믹 상황에서 겪을 수 있는 초기 성인의 우울과 관련한 함의를 몇 가지 제시하였다.

Intra-Areolar Polythelia: A Case Report of a Rare Anomaly

전은지,김준기,양시영,김강수,김상석,김철우 대한피부과학회 2023 Annals of Dermatology Vol.35 No.2

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Amoxicillin trihydrate의 단독 경구투여 및 정맥투여에 따른 뱀장어, Anguilla japonica 체내 약물동태학적 특성

전은지 ( Eun Ji Jeon ),서정수 ( Jeong Soo Seo ),김진도 ( Jin Do Kim ),정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),김명석 ( Myoung Sug Kim ),황지연 ( Jee Youn Hwang ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),김이청 ( Y 한국어병학회 2010 한국어병학회지 Vol.23 No.3

아목시실린(Amoxicillin trihydrate; Amox)을 뱀장어(평균 체중 220±10 g)에 1일 1회 경구투여(40 및 80 mg/kg body weight) 및 정맥투여(1 mg/kg)한 다음, 경시적(0시간∼720시간)으로 혈장내 Amox의 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 40 및 80 mg/kg 농도로 경구투여한 모든 시험구에서 투여 6시간째 각각 3.3±0.5 및 3.4±0.1 ㎍/㎖로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. Amox의 모든 시험구는 투여 720시간째 혈중에서 검출되지 않았다. Amox의 경구투여방법에 따른 뱀장어 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 WinNonlin program을 이용한 2-compartment model로 하여 Amox의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. 2-compartment model을 이용한 분석을 통하여 40 및 80 mg/kg Amox를 경구 투여한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 각각 464 및 667 ㎍·h/㎖, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간(Tmax)은 2.1 및 3.6 hr, 혈중최고농도(Cmax)는 3.04 및 3.4 ㎕/㎖로 계산되었다. 1 mg/kg Amox을 정맥 투여한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 748 ㎍·h/㎖, 혈중최고농도(Cmax)는 4.2 ㎕/㎖로 계산되었다. 1일 1회 단독으로 40 및 80 mg/kg Amox를 각각 경구 투여시의 뱀장어내 생체내이용율(F%; bioavailability)은 각각 1.6, 1.1%로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 아목시실린을 삼수화물 형태로 사용함에도 낮은 어류내 생체내이용율을 가진다는 사실을 알 수 있다. The pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin trihydrate (Amox) were studied after single oral administration and single intravenous injection to cultured eel, Anguilla japonica, respectively (average 220±10 g, 28±1℃). Plasma samples were taken at 3, 5, 10, 15, 24, 30, 48, 96 and 144 h post-dose. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of Amox in plasma were analyzed fitting to a two-compartment model by WinNonlin program. In oral dosage of 40 and 80 ㎎/㎏ body weight, the peak plasma concentrations of Amox, which attained at 3∼12 h post-dose, were 3.4 and 3.3 ㎍/㎖, respectively. In intravenous injection with 1 ㎎/㎏, the peak plasma concentrations of Amox, which attained at 9 h post-dose, was 7.2 ㎍/㎖. The following parmeters were calculated for a single oral dosage of 40 and 80 ㎎/㎏ body weight, respectively: AUC (the area under the concentration-time curve)〓 464 and 667 ㎍·h/㎖; Tmax (time for maximum concentration)〓 2.1 and 3.6 h; Cmax (maximum concentration)〓 3.04 and 3.4 ㎍/㎖. Following intravenous injection at 1 ㎎/㎏, this parameters were AUC= 748 ㎍·h/㎖; Cmax〓 4.2 ㎍/㎖. The apparent oral bioavailability at 40 and 80 ㎎/㎏ were 1.6 and 1.1%, respectively. Despite using the trihydrate form of amoxicillin, the oral bioavailability was low in eel.

시각장애 청소년을 둔 어머니의 삶의 경험에 대한 연구 : Q 방법론을 적용하여

전은지(Jeon, Eun Ji),하정희(Ha, Jung Hee) 한국시각장애교육재활학회 2022 시각장애연구 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 Q 방법론은 적용하여 시각장애 청소년을 둔 어머니의 삶의 경험의 유형 및 특성을 확인하고 객관화 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: Q 방법론을 적용하여 연구를 진행하였으며 Q-모집단은 본 연구의 모집 절차의 기준에 적합한 어머니 8명으로 구성되었다. 대표성 있는 진술문들을 임의로 선정한 후 선별과정을 통해, 최종 Q-표본 33개를 선정하였다. P-표본은 시각장애 청소년 어머니 26명을 선정하여 각 진술문에 대해 -4에서 +4점까지 개인적인 동의 정도에 따른 9점 척도 상에서 Q-분류 및 심층면담을 하였다. 연구결과: QUANL(Version 1.2) 프로그램으로 Q-요인분석을 실시한 결과 4개의 유형을 확인하였다. 제1유형은 자녀와의 강한 밀착 및 두려움 혼합형, 제2유형은 자녀와의 소통 및 부모로서의 성장 추구형, 제3유형은 자녀의 미래에 대한 불안 호소형, 제4유형은 자녀종속형으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구는 국내 시각장애 청소년을 둔 어머니의 삶에 초점을 두고 경험 유형에 대하여 균형감 있게 이해하고 탐색하였으며 시각장애 어머니들의 심리적 지원을 할 수 있는 기초자료로 의의가 있다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the types and characteristics of the life experiences of mothers of blind adolescents by Q methodology. Method: The Q methodology was applied and the Q-recruitment group consisted of the mothers who met standard. Finally 33 final Q-samples were selected. For the P-sample, 26 mothers of blind adolescents were selected, and for each statement of theirs, Q-classification were conducted on a 9-points scale according to personal consent from -4 to +4. Results: As a result of Q-factor analysis with the QUANL, four types were identified. Type 1 was a mixed strong adhension and fear with child, Type 2 was a pursing communication with their child and parental growth, Type 3 was a representing anxiety and hopelessness toward child, and Type 4 was a fusion type with child. Conclusion: The significance of this study is that it tries to understand and explore the expeirience types with balance focusing on the mothers’ lives, and it can used as basic data for providing psychological support for the mothers of blind adolescents.

일반 논문 : 중소기업의 체계적 현장직무교육훈련(S-OJT) 프로그램 특성이 조직몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 영향

전은지 ( Eun Ji Jeon ),송영선 ( Young Sun Song ),이희수 ( Hee Su Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 학문적으로는 S-OJT를 통한 중소기업 인력의 조직몰입과 이직의도에 대한 연구기반을 제공하고 실무적으로는 중소기업이 인력을 효과적으로 유지할 수 있는 현장 지향적 정책 제언을 제시하는데 있다. 이 목적을 위해 고용노동부가 주관하고 한국산업인력공단에서 시행하는 ``체계적 현장직무교육훈련(S-OJT)`` 시범사업에 참여한 중소기업의 S-OJT 프로그램 특성이 조직몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 영향과 조직몰입이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 ``체계적 현장직무교육훈련(S-OJT)`` 시범사업에 참여한 중소기업 중 부산·경남지역의 중소기업 종업원 151명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구방법은 구조화된 설문지를 활용하여 자료를 수집하고 분석은 SPSS 19.0 통계 패키지를 이용하여 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 사용하였다. 이를 통해 S-OJT 프로그램 특성요인, 조직몰입, 이직의도와의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, S-OJT 프로그램 특성요인이 중소기업 종업원의 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조직몰입 중 감정적 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 S-OJT 프로그램 특성요인은 교육훈련환경, 체계적 시스템 구축, S-OJT 지원이다. 조직몰입 중 지속적 몰입에서는 S-OJT 지원이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 조직몰입 중 규범적 몰입에서는 S-OJT 프로그램 특성요인 중 체계적 시스템 구축과 S-OJT 지원이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, S-OJT 프로그램 특성요인 중 교육훈련환경이 이직의도에 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, S-OJT 프로그램을 실시하는 중소기업 종업원의 조직몰입이 이직의도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과가 주는 시사점을 정리하면, 첫째 학문적으로는 중소기업에 맞는 S-OJT 프로그램의 특성을 제시하고 실증적으로 검증하였다는 점과 둘째, 실제적으로는 정부 및 중소기업 교육담당자들에게 S-OJT에 대한 지속적인 관심과 투자를 유지하고 확대할 수 있는 객관적인 근거와 정책 제언을 제시하였다는 점이다. The aim of this study is to provide basic data for development of domestic medium and small enterprises [hereinafter, MSE] by offering a research foundation on organizational commitment and turnover of the human resources for MSE academically, and suggesting a practical management plan and work based policy that will make it possible for domestic MSE to effectively retain their human resources by a structured on-the-job training [hereinafter, S-OJT] program. For this purpose, this study analyzed the influence of the S-OJT program characteristics of a MSE, which participated in the pilot project implemented by the Human Resources Development Service of Korea and was supervised by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, on organizational commitment and turnover intention, and also analyzed the influence of organizational commitment on turnover intention. This study surveyed 151 employees in MSE in the Busan and Gyungnam district among MSE which participated in a S-OJT pilot project as research subjects. As for the research method, this study collected data using structured questionnaires and for the analysis method, this study implemented a factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multi-regression analysis using SPSS ver. 19.0. Validity and reliability was verified the following; To verify validity, this study composed a survey based on the selected questions from a preliminary study. From the results of exploratory factor analysis on question variable at preliminary study, the eigen value of education and training environment as a sub-variable of S-OJT was 3.509 and the eigen variance explanatory power thereof was 70.177. Ability of trainer eigen value was 3.506 and eigen variance explanatory power thereof was 58.440. The eigen value of building a systematic system was 3.525 and the eigen variance explanatory power thereof was 70.491. The S-OJT program support eigen value was 5.397 and the eigen variance explanatory power thereof was 67.462. The turnover intention eigen value was 3.104 and the eigen variance explanatory power thereof was 62.089. Five questions were all tied by one factor. Organizational commitment had 24 questions that were grouped by factors of affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The eigen value was 1.793~5.972, and the eigen variance explanatory power thereof appeared at 11.205~37.326. To confirm the validity of subordinate factors extracted from the preliminary study, factor analysis was implemented. Construct validity of the measuring tool for variables used in the preliminary study was evaluated. Factor analysis used PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and for factor rotation method varimax, which is a right angle rotation method, was used. Determination of the number of factors among variables was done by selecting factors with eigen value of not less than 1. Also, for communality, the questions were excluded if the sum of all factor load square values were 0.4 or less. The guideline used was loadage value of this factor not less than 0.5 and variance explanatory power of not less than 0.5 (50%). To verify reliability, Cronbach`s alpha as a good reliability verification method measuring internal consistency within measured items was used. This method enhances reliability of measurement devices by hunting the factor out of multiple questions that degrades the confidence of the measuring device and excluding the question. Characteristics of S-OJT Programs showed a high reliability with total Cronbach`s alpha value at .964. By each subordinate variable, Cronbach`s alpha ranged .840~.901 at a reliable level. Organizational commitment showed significantly high reliability with total Cronbach`s alpha value at .906. By each subordinate variable, Cronbach`s alpha ranged .718~.834 at a significantly reliable level. Turnover intention total Cronbach`s alpha was .780 at a reliable level. Through this process, this study analyzed the relationship between S-OJT program characteristics, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The study results are as follows : First, this study verified the direct effect that the characteristic factors in S-OJT program had on the leading variables of organizational commitment such as continuance commitment, affective commitment and normative commitment in MSE. The verification result shows that the characteristic factors in S-OJT program increase commitment among organizational participants. This result allows an expectation of higher organizational commitment when a S-OJT Program is implemented. Especially, the characteristic factor of an S-OJT Program has the strongest effects on affective commitment. In other words, the characteristic factor of an S-OJT Program is the meaningfully predicting factor explaining affective commitment among organizational commitment. From this result, S-OJT is indirectly proven as superior to unsystematic OJT in lower defect ratio, higher productivity, and more efficiency in training. The belief that a S-OJT Program may replace existing OJT Program or solve problems thereof may be regarded as confirmed by this result. Second, the study found that the higher the average of characteristic factor in S-OJT program, the lower the turnover intention of the employees involved in MSE. Among them, education and training environment as a characteristic factor in an S-OJT Program appeared as giving a meaningfully negative influence to turnover intention of SME employees. This result verifies that domestic SMEs need hardware such as educational and training environment, system construction, S-OJT support etc., ahead of software such as the ability of the trainer, for implementation of S-OJT for the purpose of keeping down turnover intention. Therefore, the implication is that educational and training environment setting for continuous human resource development is important to keep down turnover intention as one measure to enhance SME`s survival and competitiveness. Third, higher affective commitment of employees implementing S-OJT Program showed lower turnover intention. However, continuance commitment and normative commitment did not appear as having any meaningful influence on turnover intention. This result shows that affective commitment of SME employees such as esprit de corps, will to work, receptivity etc. is a directly affecting factor on turnover intention rather than other commitments. To enhance commitment by SME employees, a group solidarity function enhancing program is required to raise group solidarity and unity. Also, to prevent weakening of organizational commitment, a program should be developed to strengthen the proper function of organizational commitment. The program to strengthen proper function of organizational commitment is suggested as an activation of communication between organizational participants and leisure programs. Therefore, government officials and SME staff in charge of SME. S-OJT shall provide various programs to enhance affective commitment when implementing S-OJT. This study makes some political suggestions in order for S-OJT of MSE sites to revitalize S-OJT and make actual performance happen as follows: First, there is a need for promotional strategies at a national level for executives and employees to have a paradigm shift in S-OJT. Generally, managers have a tendency to be indifferent or even to ignore education and training due to the matter of time and cost. Accordingly, the nation and government are required to seek successful cases and promotional strategies in an effort to implant the fact that the S-OJT system is a suitable one for progress in productivity, organizational commitment, mutual communication between staff members, and smooth relations between labor and management, etc. into the business owners [managers]of MSE. Second, in order for S-OJT to be continuously sped up, it`s necessary to operate the education and training programs such as S-OJT executive course, on-site administrator course, and on-site leader course, etc. so that a manager, on-site supervisor and hands-on staff can understand and practice the S-OJT. The programs for education and training are required to concretely set up the matters such as drawing up of a training plan, trainers in charge, trainees, dates for training and training contents, etc. in order to systematically and effectively practice the S-OJT continuously. Third, in an effort to foster the S-OJT atmosphere, it is advisable to link the outcome of implementation of the S-OJT to the corporate personnel management system such as employment, a personnel reshuffle, salary, promotion and retirement, etc. However, principally, personnel management should be on the basis of fairness and objectivity, so it requires concrete behavioral standards, a criterion of its implementation, and objective observation and evaluation at the time of implementing a S-OJT. This study has a limit to the generalization of these research results because this study was set among employees for MSE involved in the manufacturing business in Busan and Gyungnam district among the enterprises participating in a pilot project for ``Structured S-OJT``, which was conducted in the second half of the 2010, as its research target. In addition, there still remains a sense of frustration for not making a qualitative [qualitative research] assessment through the interviews with an executive, education and training practitioner in charge and employees other than settling for a quantitative assessment [quantitative research] through the analysis and description using literature review, and objective statistical treatment. Nevertheless, this study can be fairly said to be full of suggestions in that this study first suggested and empirically verified the properties of S-OJT programs suited for MSE from a scientific standpoint; second, this study suggested objective grounds for expansion of investment in an effort for continuous concern and improvement in S-OJT to the government and educational practitioners in MSE from a practical standpoint; third, this study suggested a political suggestion about how to revitalize the S-OJT more and to produce a great outcome for the government and educational practitioners.

희박기체/플라즈마를 위한 수치해석과 그 적용

전은지(Eunji Jun) 한국추진공학회 2022 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5