Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Common Community Human Coronavirus Disease Before COVID-19

( Taehee Kim ),( Yun Su Sim ),( Hayoung Choi ),( Tae Rim Shin ),( Yousang Ko ),( Yong Bum Park ),( Hwan Il Kim ),( Seung Hun Jang ),( Ki Suck Jung ),( Youlim Kim ),( Myung Goo Lee ),( Soojie Chung ),( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Backgrounds We would improve the understanding and management preparation of human coronavirus (HCoV) disease by analyzing the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and prognostic factors of patients of all ages who were recently hospitalized with coronavirus. Methods This study was retrospectively performed at five university teaching hospitals between 1 January 2018 and 31 March 2020. Routine molecular testing using for multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Methods was conducted on the respiratory viruses. We assessed the demographics, laboratory findings, and treatment of patients infected with coronavirus. Results There were 807 coronavirus-infected patients admitted to five hospitals for 27 months and 553 (69%) of them were <10 years age. All-cause mortality rates of patients admitted for seasonal HCoV disease were 3.1% in all patients, and 10.8% in patients aged ≥ 18 years. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed in patients aged ≥ 18 years. After adjusting for other clinical variables, general weakness symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-6.13, P = 0.023) , National Early Waring Score (NEWS) ≥2 (HR, 6.00; 95% CI, 1.40-25.81, P = 0.016), and coronavirus subtype OC43 (HR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.21-6.58, P = 0.016) were significantly associated with death from coronavirus. Conclusions Coronavirus infection can reveal a higher mortality rate in patients of ≥18 years than those of <18 years, thus, adult patients require more careful treatment. Furthermore, in adult patients, the factors associated with death from coronavirus include general weakness symptoms, NEWS higher than 2, and OC43 subtype.

Antiviral effect of fucoxanthin obtained from Sargassum siliquastrum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

강나래,허성영,Eun-A Kim,차선희,BoMi Ryu,허수진 한국조류학회I 2023 ALGAE Vol.38 No.4

Human coronavirus diseases, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, still remain a persistent public health issue, and many recent studies are focusing on the quest for new leads against coronaviruses. To contribute to this growing pool of knowledge and explore the available marine natural products against coronaviruses, this study investigated the antiviral effects of fucoxanthin isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum—a brown alga found on Jeju Island, South Korea. The antiviral effects of fucoxanthin were confirmed in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected Vero cells, and its structural characteristics were verified in silico using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations and in vitro colorimetric method. Fucoxanthin inhibited the infection in a concentration-dependent manner, without showing cytotoxicity. Molecular docking simulations revealed that fucoxanthin binds to the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2-spike protein (binding energy -318.306 kcal mol-1) and main protease (binding energy -205.118 kcal mol-1). Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations showed that fucoxanthin remains docked to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-spike protein for 20 ns, whereas it breaks away from main protease after 3 ns. Also, the in silico prediction of the fucoxanthin was verified through the in vitro colorimetric method by inhibiting the binding between angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 and spike protein in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that fucoxanthin exhibits antiviral effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by blocking the entry of the virus. Therefore, fucoxanthin from S. siliquastrum can be a potential candidate for treating coronavirus infection.

Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19)

Park, Su Eun The Korean Pediatric Society 2020 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.63 No.4

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features.

코로나19 사태와 온라인 정보의 다양성 연구 – 빅데이터를 활용한 글로벌 접근법

박한우,김지은,ZHUYUPENG 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.11

Using webometric big data, this study examines the diversity of online information sources about the novel coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it focuses on some 28 countries where confirmed coronavirus cases occurred in February 2020. In the results, the online visibility of Australia, Canada, and Italy was the highest, based on their producing the most relevant information. There was a statistically significant correlation between the hit counts per country and the frequency of visiting the domains that act as information channels. Interestingly, Japan, China, and Singapore, which had a large number of confirmed cases at that time, were providing web data related to the novel coronavirus. Online sources were classified using an N-tuple helix model. The results showed that government agencies were the largest supplier of coronavirus information in cyberspace. Furthermore, the two-mode network technique revealed that media companies, university hospitals, and public healthcare centers had taken a positive attitude towards online circulation of coronavirus research and epidemic prevention information. However, semantic network analysis showed that health, school, home, and public had high centrality values. This means that people were concerned not only about personal prevention rules caused by the coronavirus outbreak, but also about response plans caused by life inconveniences and operational obstacles. 이 연구는 웹보메트릭 빅데이터를 활용하여 코로나바이러스 확진 국가(지역)들의 온라인 정보원의 다양성을 조사했다. 구체적으로 2020년 2월에 코로나바이러스 확진자가 발생한 28개국을 대상으로 웹 데이터를 수집한 결과, 호주, 캐나다, 이탈리아 등의 온라인 가시성이 높게 나타나면서 관련 정보를 가장 많이 생산하고 있었다. 국가별 검색건수(hit counts)와 정보채널의 역할을 하는 도메인(domain) 빈도와는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 한편 데이터 수집도구인 bing.com의 점유률이 평소에도 높은 국가들을 제외하고 다시 검토한 결과, 당시 확진자 수가 많았던 일본, 중국, 싱가포르 등이 코로나바이러스와 관련된 웹데이터를 주도적으로 올리고 있었다. 온라인 정보원은 n-헬릭스를 활용하여 분류되었다. n-헬릭스는 대학-기업-정부의 3주체간 상호작용과 혁신을 강조하는 트리플헬릭스모델(Triple Helix Model)에 기반한 확장된 분석틀이다. 그 결과, 정부기관이 18.1%를 차지하면서 코로나바이러스 정보의 최대 공급자로 나타났다. 2원성 네트워크 분석결과를 보면 언론사, 대학병원, 공중보건에 특화된 조직 등도 코로나바이러스 연구와 방역 정보의 온라인 유통에 적극적이었다. 웹페이지에 포함된 단어들을 중심으로 내용분석을 해 보니 건강, 학교, 가족, 공공, 방안 등의 단어가 중심성이 높게 나타나 코로나바이러스로 인한 개인별 예방수칙뿐만 아니라 생활 불편과 업무 장애로 인한 대처방안 등에 관심이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations and lessons from animal coronavirus recombination in one health perspective

나운성,Moon Hyoungjoon,송대섭 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.3

SARS-CoV-2 was originated from zoonotic coronaviruses and confirmed as a novel beta-coronavirus, which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, COVID-19. In this review, we describe the genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, including types of mutation, and molecular epidemiology, highlighting its key difference from animal coronaviruses. We further summarized the current knowledge on clinical, genetic, and pathological features of several animal coronaviruses and compared them with SARSCoV- 2, as well as recent evidences of interspecies transmission and recombination of animal coronaviruses to provide a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in One Health perspectives. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail, that may help mitigate the spread and damages caused by the disease.

코로나19로 인한 여성들의 외모관심도 및 화장품 구매 행동에 관한 연구

이정은(Jeong-Eun Lee),김주덕(Ju-Duck Kim) 한국화장품미용학회 2021 한국화장품미용학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Much of our life has changed due to the social disaster called Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19). The cultural and tourism industries have been greatly dampened by social distancing policies implemented to prevent the spread of coronavirus, and the cosmetics industry has been unable to avoid them. If there is a big social change, peoples behavior and mentality will change, and this change will affect the consumption of cosmetics. For this research’s data collection, questionnaires were distributed to adult women from February 23, 2021 to March 4, 2021. A total of 519 copies of the collected data were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) WIN 25.0 program. The frequency and percentage were obtained by analytical techniques to examine the general characteristics of the subjects. In addition, to learn about the latest women’s interest on appearance, makeup status, and distribution of cosmetics before and after coronavirus, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and x2 (Chi-square) verification, and frequency analysis were conducted. As this study shows, adult womens interest in skin care products has increased significantly since the coronavirus outbreak, and they have become less concerned about color makeup. Also, you can see that women usually buy cosmetics using the internet. Therefore, this study is meaningful in perceiving the impact of social disasters such as coronavirus on womens makeup and cosmetics purchasing behavior, and while womens makeup behavior has been greatly dampened by the coronavirus, it provides positive indicators for realistic product creation against the coronavirus.

Research Trends of Coronavirus: Bibliometric Analysis from 1989-2019

Shiv Singh,Sanjay Kataria,Tulika Dey 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2021 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.11 No.4

The world is going through the most unprecedented time with the outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has become a threat to millions. A Coronavirus is a group of viruses that cause a variety of diseases in mammals and birds leading to a range of illnesses in humans including common cold and more severe forms like severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19, which are life-threatening. The virus gets its name from its shape which takes the form of a crown with protrusions around it. In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in the Wuhan City of China, which was later traced to a novel strain of Coronavirus and termed as Novel COVID-19. It typically causes flu-like symptoms including fever, cough and shortness of breath and is transmitted through human-to-human and there is no cure for it till now. Thus, this bibliometric study has been carried out to analyze the research progress in Coronavirus and literature published during a period of 30 years (1989-2019). Data for the study were fetched from Web of Science(WoS) multidisciplinary database and the publication trends in terms of total articles, productive countries, institutions, journals, productive authors, most cited articles and authors, etc have been analyzed. In total, 4917 articles were retrieved; these were from 711 sources and were contributed by 14442 authors. The collaboration index was 3.11, which clearly indicates that there has been a lot of collaboration in this field. The most preferred journal for the study period was “Journal of Virology” and the maximum contribution has been from the University of Hong Kong.

Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review

Fallahi, Hamid Reza,Keyhan, Seied Omid,Zandian, Dana,Kim, Seong-Gon,Cheshmi, Behzad Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2020 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.42 No.-

Coronavirus is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA. Coronavirus infection in humans mainly affects the upper respiratory tract and to a lesser extent the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms of coronavirus infections can range from relatively mild (similar to the common cold) to severe (bronchitis, pneumonia, and renal involvement). The disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was called Covid-19 by the World Health Organization in February 2020. Face-to-face communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva predispose dental care workers at serious risk for 2019-nCoV infection. As demonstrated by the recent coronavirus outbreak, information is not enough. During dental practice, blood and saliva can be scattered. Accordingly, dental practice can be a potential risk for dental staff, and there is a high risk of cross-infection. This article addresses all information collected to date on the virus, in accordance with the guidelines of international health care institutions, and provides a comprehensive protocol for managing possible exposure to patients or those suspected of having coronavirus.

Characterization of bat coronaviruses: a latent global threat

Manxin Fang,Wei Hu,Ben Liu 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.5

It has been speculated that bats serve as reservoirs of a huge variety of emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) that have been responsible for severe havoc in human health systems as well as negatively affecting human economic and social systems. A prime example is the currently active severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV2, which presumably originated from bats, demonstrating that the risk of a new outbreak of bat coronavirus is always latent. Therefore, an in-depth investigation to better comprehend bat CoVs has become an important issue within the international community, a group that aims to attenuate the consequences of future outbreaks. In this review, we present a concise introduction to CoVs found in bats and discuss their distribution in Southeast Asia. We also discuss the unique adaptation features in bats that confer the ability to be a potential coronavirus reservoir. In addition, we review the bat coronavirus-linked diseases that have emerged in the last two decades. Finally, we propose key factors helpful in the prediction of a novel coronavirus outbreak and present the most recent methods used to forecast an evolving outbreak.

Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus common human coronaviruses: a national multicenter study

Sol In Suk,Lee Eun,양현종,Lee Yong Ju,Yum Hye Yung,Lee Mi-Hee,Chu Mi Ae,Moon Hui jeong,김효빈,서주희,Shim Jung Yeon,Ahn Ji Young,Jang Yoon Young,Chung Hai Lee,Chung Eun Hee,Kim Kyunghoon,김봉성,김철홍,Park Yang,신미용 대한소아청소년과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.66 No.3

Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause mild upper respiratory infections; however, in 2019, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged, causing an acute respiratory disease pandemic. Coronaviruses exhibit marked epidemiological and clinical differences.Purpose: This study compared the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus HCoV.Methods: SARS-CoV-2 data were obtained from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) registry and 4 dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitals. Medical records of children admitted with a single HCoV infection from January 2015 to March 2020 were collected from 10 secondary/tertiary hospitals. Clinical data included age, sex, underlying disease, symptoms, test results, imaging findings, treatment, and length of hospital stay.Results: We compared the clinical characteristics of children infected with HCoV (n=475) to those of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 (272 from KDCA, 218 from COVID-19 hospitals). HCoV patients were younger than KDCA patients (older than 9 years:3.6% vs. 75.7%; P<0.001) and patients at COVID-19 hospitals (2.0±2.9 vs 11.3±5.3; P<0.001). Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had a lower rate of fever (26.6% vs. 66.7%; P<0.001) and fewer respiratory symptoms than those with HCoV infection. Clinical severity, as determined by oxygen therapy and medication usage, was worse in children with HCoV infection. Children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 had less severe symptoms.Conclusion: Children and adolescents with COVID-19 had a milder clinical course and less severe disease than those with HCoV in terms of symptoms at admission, examination findings, and laboratory and radiology results.