교정치료와 관련된 치조골 높이 변화에 대한 연구

강경화,이경원,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.5

교정치료에 의해 빚어지는 치조골 소실의 정도를 좌,우측 제1대구치의 근,원심면에서 치료 전,후의 파노라마 필름을 이용하여 비교평가하고 치조골 소실에 미치는 영향 요소들을 알아보고자 하였다. 고정식 교정장치 치료를 받은 216명의 환자들은 104명의 성장군과 112명의 성인군으로 나뉘어 졌으며 4개 소구치의 발거가 이루어진 경우는 각각 50명씩이었다. 치료 전,후 파노라마 사진에서 상하 좌우 제1대구치의 근심 및 원심 부위의 치조골 높이를 백악법랑질경계에서 치조골의 최첨점까지 치아 장축에 평행하게 계측하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.치료 시작시, 성인군은 성장군보다 유의하게 치조골 수준이 낮았다. 2.치료 후 치조골 수준은 치료 전 수준보다 유의하게 낮았다. 3.성장군과 성인군 간에 치조골 변화량의 유의한 차가 없었다. 4.성인발치군은 비발치군보다 유의하게 더 많은 치조골 소실을 모든 원심면에서 보였다. 5.상악은 하악보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 많은 치조골 소실을 근심면에서 보였다. 6.성인군은 원심면에서 근심면보다 유의하게 더 많은 치조골 소실을 보였다. Alveolar crest is the section of interproximal alveolar bone which includes the free edge of the alveolar process. An increase of the normal forces within limits of tolerance leads to deposition of new bone. If forces are beyond the limits of tolerance, resorption of bone will result whether the force produces pressure or tension. This study was designed to evaluate changes of alveolar bone levels in mesial and distal surface of the left, right first molar, by using pre-treatment, post-treatment panorama films. Two hundreds sixteen subjects were divided into adolescent group of 104 subjects and adult group of 112 subjects, to which orthodontic treatment with a bicuspid extraction (adolescent group-50 subjects, adult group-50 subjects) or without a nonextraction (adolescent group-54 subjects, adult group-62 subjects) was applied by fried appliances. Pre- and post-treatment panorama films were traced, and alveolar crest height was measured. Amounts of changes in alveolar crest height by treatment were calculated and compared in terms of side of tooth, extraction, age. The results were as follows ; 1.When pre-treatment alveolar crest bone levels were compared, levels of adult group were significantlv lower than those of adolescent group. 2.Post-treatment alveolar crest bone levels were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels. 3.When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, between adolescent and adult group were not significantly. 4.When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, significantly larger changes were noticed in extraction than nonextraction cases. 5.When changes of alveolar crest height were compared, significantly larger changes were noticed in maxilla than mandible. 6.When mesio-distally compared, significantly larger changes were observed in the dictal than mesial sides of adult group.

골절단을 이용한 급속 치아이동 후 치수 및 치주조직 변화

강경화,김은철,이선경,임채웅,마쓰다 기꾸,태기출,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 골절단을 이용한 치아-치조골 분절의 급속 치아이동 후 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 변화를 유성견에서 평가하고자 하였다. 하악 제4소구치의 근심, 원심, 치근단 부위에서 피질골을 절단하여 치아-골 분절을 형성하고 하악 제3소구치를 발거하면서 협측, 설측 부위의 피질골을 삭제하였다. 1주 휴지기 부여에 따라 휴지기군과 비휴지기군으로 나누어 치아의존형 견인장치로 6일 동안 견인하고 강화기를 거친 후 0주, 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주, 8주에 희생시켜 치수, 치주인대 및 치조골의 조직 변화를 임상적, 방사선적, 조직학적 및 면역화학적으로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 치아이동 양과 강화기 동안의 조직 치유 양상에서 휴지기 유무에 따른 차이는 없었다. 2. 견인측에서 골형성은 강화기 8주까지 계속되었는데 강화기 1-2주에 가장 활발하였으며 6-8주간의 변화는 적었다. 3. 비휴지기군의 강화기 1주에서 치조골 흡수 및 파골세포 출현, 염증세포 침윤이 가장 많았으며, 특징적으로 파상아세포가 압박측의 치주인대와 치수 내에 나타났다. 4. TGF-β는 치조골의 골기질 및 골모세포, 파골세포, 치수 내 파상아세포에서 강양성 발현을 보인 반면 치수, 백악모세포, 무세포성 백악질에서 경미한 양성 발현을 나타내는 부위 특이성이 있었다. 5. TGF-β는 견인측 치주인대의 치조골에 인접한 혈관 및 치주인대세포, 골모세포에서 강화기 초기 1-2주에 주로 발현되었으며 6주 이후에는 발현이 크게 감소하였다. The movement of tooth-bone segments by osteotomy can simultaneously shift tooth and surrounding alveolar bone in a relatively short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in rapid tooth bone movement with osteotomy. The mandibular 3rd premolar of a dog was extracted and cortical bones of the buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around the mesial and distal area of root, and below the root apex of the mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After a one week latency period, a tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of the consolidation period and conclusions were reached as follows. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount of tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak at 1-2 weeks, and the lowest at 6-8 weeks of consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclasts characteristically appeared on the pulp and pressure side of the periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of TGF-β was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast, osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of TGF-β was generally observed at the initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblast near alveolar bone on the distraction side of the periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

골절제술을 이용한 급속 치아이동 후 치수 및 치주조직 변화에 관한 실험적 연구

강경화,김상철 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2002 圓光齒醫學 Vol.11 No.3

The movement of tooth-bone segment by osteotomy can move tooth and surrounding alveolar bone simultaneously in a relative short period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tissue changes in pulp, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone in rapid tooth-bone movement with osteotomey. The mandibular 3rd premolar of dog was extracted and cortical bones of buccal and lingual area were eliminated, and then cortical bones around mesial and distal area of root, and below of root apex, of mandibular 4th premolar were osteotomized. After 1 week of latency period, tooth-borne distraction device was activated for 6 days. And pulp, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were evaluated clinically, radiologically, histologically and immunohistochemically at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of consolidation period and concluded as followings. 1. Latency period didn't affect total amount of tooth movement and healing process of tissue during consolidation period. 2. Bone formation continued through 8 weeks of consolidation in distracted side, with a high peak in 1-2 weeks, and the lowest in 6-8 weeks of consolidation. 3. At 1 week of consolidation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast appearance and inflammatory cell infiltration were the most active, and dentinoclast characteristically appeared in pulp and pressure side of periodontal ligament. 4. The expression of TGF-Β was area-specific, as it was strong-positive at bone matrix, osteoblast, osteoclast of alveolar bone, and dentinoclast inside pulp, but was weak in pulp, cementoblast and acellular cementum. 5. The expression of TGF-Β was generally observed at initial 1-2 weeks of consolidation at vessels, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblast near alveolar bone in distraction side of periodontal ligament, and was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of consolidation.

팔체질침을 이용한 반월판 관절경부분절제술 환자의 치험례

강영화,김성욱,손인석,서정철,윤현민,장경전 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의한의연구 Vol.5 No.-

슬관절은 지속적인 압력을 받거나 충격때문에 동작범위의 한계에 이를 때 손상받기 쉽다. 반월판 파열 환자는 일상생활에 지장을 주는 동통, 정복되지 않는 잠김, locking이나 giving way가 자주 일어나는 경우, 지속적인 신전제한이 있을 때 수술의 적응증이 된다. 반월판 파열 환자의 재활에 있어서 관건은 대퇴사두근의 근력과 ROM의 회복이다. 팔체질침 시술후 반월판 부분절제술을 시행한 환자가 동통의 강도와 동통 재발의 감소, ROM의 개선, 전반적 상태면에서 체침이나 MPS 시술 때보다 더 나은 경과를 얻었다. Knee joints are apt to be injured when they are over the limit of ROM by continuous pressure or impact. The patient of meniscus tear has to be operated in case that he has the symptom of knee pain obstructive to daily life, unreducable locking, frequent locking or giving way, continuous extention limit. In the rehabilitation of the patient of meniscus tear, the key is the progress of musculi quadratus femori's power and ROM. After 8 constitutional acupucture therapies, partial menisectomy patient has the better process about decrease of pain intensity and relapsing pain frequence, development of ROM, general condition more than general acupucture or MPS medical treatment.

대학생의 성의식 실태에 관한 연구

강미라,김두화,김성현 濟州大學校 學生生活硏究所 2005 學生生活硏究 Vol.26 No.-

This research was conducted to help college students better understand the culture on sex and provide basic data that can be usefully used for education on sex in the future by exploring college students: experience and perception on sex. 964 participated in this survey. 425 were female, and 539 male. Results of the survey are as follows. 1. Knowledge About Sex First, when asked about education on sex, 92.4% of respondents said they received education on sex, and its focus was primarily placed on venereal diseases and contraception. Female students received more of the education. While men learned more about sex, women were educated relatively more about abortion. Second, when questioned about the benefits of education on sex, over 40% of respondents responded neutrally to the benefits of education on sex, which means that they believe the education helps little. Third, in terms of knowledge about sex, participants know best about pregnancy. On the other hand, they have least knowledge about venereal diseases. By sex, male participants answered they know better in five categories than their counterparts. Female respondents received more education, but female participants had more knowledge, so more detailed research are necessary to explore how accurate their knowledge is. Fourth, in most cases, they get knowledge from school (29.2%), and friends or older students (19.0%). Concerns are raised about the quality of information acquired from friends or older students. Fifth, a majority of participants (54.9%) get knowledge about sex while in middle school. some of them (26.8%) while in elementary school. It is partly because children mature earlier than before, and they are exposed to a variety of media, increasing chances of getting misleading information on sex. 2. Opinions on Marriage First, when asked about marriage, over 30% of participants said that they 'like living alone if possible' or 'it depends.' By sex, while males have positive opinions on marriage, females reserve their comments. Second, in terms of having sex before marriage, 70% supported it. By sex, 30.3% of female respondents said having sex before marriage is not right, and only 18% of male participants said it is not right. It can be referred that females are more conservative. Third, when asked about living together without getting married, only 4.7% of participants had negative opinions. Most participants said it is acceptable. By sex, males were more tolerant than their counterparts. Fourth, in terms of virginity, 70% are open. Males are more open than females. Fifth, when asked about how they react if their mates raise questions of virginity, 54.2% of male respondents said they will confess and ask forgiveness. On the other hand, 21.3% of female participants said they will break up, and 35.1% had other choices. The fact shows that women tend not to face the problem, and act passively. Sixth, when questioned about how they would respond if they know their mates are not virgin, more than half of male respondents said it does not matter. More males said it does not matter than females, and at the same time, male respondents who said they will break up outnumbered their counterparts. This shows that male participants have both open and conservative attitudes towards virginity. Seventh, when asked whether their mates can meet friends with the opposite sex after marriage, 8.3% said 'no,' and 91.7% said 'yes.' Most student are tolerant about mates can meet friends with the opposite sex after marriage. By sex, men were more cautious than women. Eighth, 70% of respondents shows negative opinions about extramarital sex. 3. Dating First, in terms of sexual experience, 70% of respondents said they had no experience. By sex, men had more sexual experience than women. Second, most of the respondents who have sexual experience tend to make an emotional decision. By sex, men are more impulsive than women. Third, the longer relationship continues, the higher chances of having sex there are. By sex, in terms of women, chances of having sex increase as relationship continues longer. On the other hand, men are more impulsive. Fourth, when it comes to psychological status when having sex, both sexes are relatively satisfied. Fifth, 53.7% tend to continue their relationship after having sex. Sixth, both sexes are satisfied after having sex, however women are particularly worried about pregnancy. 4. Sex-related Problems First, 46.4% of respondents said they currently have no sex-related worries, and 22.7% have problems related to the opposite sex. Men are worried about impulsiveness, and women are worried about a physiological phenomenon. Second, when it comes to solutions, 46.9% said they consult with their friends. Only 0.7% said they meet with their teacher. Apart from discussing it with their friends, women opt for relationship-oriented solutions, consulting with their parents. On the other hand, men prefer object-oriented solutions, gathering information through friends, books, and the Internet. Based on these results, suggested advice is as follows: First, college students have received education on sexual morality since middle school, and they collect information primarily from their friends or older students. But most of them are dissatisfied with the benefits of the education. By sex, women received more education, but they have less knowledge than men. Therefore, it is necessary to review how effective education on sexual morality conducted in school is. Second, more than half of students have positive opinions on marriage, and they are open about having sex or living together before marriage, and meeting friends with the opposite sex. In the past, the marriage system itself was considered important, but in modern society, love tends to be put before marriage. Therefore, It is necessary to develop a variety of educational and cultural events to bring about desirable sex morality. Third, most of respondents are having a date, but not many of them have sex experience. respondents who have sex experience tend to make an impulsive decision without thinking carefully, continuing their relationship longer. Therefore, there should be some opportunities to help them make a desirable decision on sex.

개의 대퇴골간에서 발생한 유합부전의 1례

강은경,조성환,류시윤,손화영 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

Fracture healing is a complex physiological process that involves the coordinated participation of several cell types. Unlike other tissues that heal by the formation of poorly organized scar, in fracture healing the original tissue, bone, is regenerated and the properties of the preexisting tissue largely are restored. Fracture healing generally proceeds in an orderly fashion when appropriate biological and mechanical component are present. Many complications may occur with repair and subsequent healing of fracture, including osteomyelitis, implant loosening, and fracture instability. All of these complications may result in delayed union, nonunion or malunion of the fracture. A 1-year-old male, Collie sustained a closed, transverse femoral fracture in a mortor vehicle accident. His initial treatment with open reduction and bone plating was failed. A second surgery was done to remove the plate and perform corrective osteotomy, and bone grafting. Histopathological observation of the bone fragment from fracture end was carried.

Allylisothiocyanate 첨가가 Aflatoxin 생성 곰팡이 대사산물의 생합성에 미치는 영향

강성조,여명재,이은일,송재영,정덕화 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The effects of allylisothiocyanate on the biosynthesis of various fungus metabolites such as sterigrnatocystin, lipid, protein, citrate RNA and AMP from the culture of Aspergillius parasiticus R-716 were investigated. The content of sterigmatocystin, the precursor of aflatoxin, was lower in the culture added with 50ppm allylisothiocyanate after 48 hours, however was rather higher after 144 hours compared to that of the control. The addition of allylisothiocyanate resulted in the increase of lipid, protein, RNA in mycelium and the content of citrate in the media, but the amount of AMP was low.

2007년 대한감염학회 권장 성인 예방접종 권장안

강진한,김홍빈,손장욱,이상오,정문현,정희진,최영화,최정현,최준용,최희정 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

In 2007, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommended an immunization schedule for adults residing in Korea. This recommendation includes four categories: standard immunization for healthy persons, supplementary immunization for persons with underlying illnesses, recommendations for health-care personnel and for international travelers. The Standard Immunization Schedule consists of universal vaccination (tetanus-diphtheria/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Td/Tdap); hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 20s; human papilloma virus vaccine for women under 26 years old; meningococcal vaccine for military recruits and college students in dormitories; influenza vaccination for persons aged 50 years or more and pregnant women; and pneumococcal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or more) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 30s; hepatitis B vaccine, varicella and MMR vaccines for persons who have uncertain specific immunities). The Supplementary Immunization Schedule recommends 4 vaccines, i.e., pneumococcal, influenza, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, appropriate to the underlying illnesses, and confirmation of the presence of antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The Recommendation for Health-Care Personnel includes universal vaccination (influenza and pertussis) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella and varicella for seronegative health-care personnel). The Recommended Immunization for International Travelers focuses reinforcement of vaccinations for healthy persons and includes certain immunizations necessary for international travel (yellow fever, meningococcal, plaque, tick-borne encephalitis, and cholera). These guidelines can be seen at www.ksid.or.kr.

로터리킬른 반응로를 이용한 폐슬러지 활성탄의 제조와 세공구조 및 흡착특성

강화영,박상숙 順天大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

We have tried to wasted biological sludge as a starting material to produce a low-cost adsorbent alternative for activated carbon and for reuse of wasted materials. The carbonated sludge was chemically activated with phosphoric acid. To find out the optimum conditions for activated carbon, chemical activation was used with varying: carbonization time, activation agent, activation temperature and activation time. The activated products were characterized by measuring iodine adsorptivity, methylene blue adsorptivity, specific surface areas, yield, pore structure and SEM photograph. The products activated by phosphoric acid in a rotary kiln reactor operated around 700℃ had iodine adsorptivity, methylene blue adsorptivity, and specific surface area of 312.4mg/g, 32.2 mg/g, and 96.6㎡/g with yields of 84.1wt%, respectively.

단순 스무딩 스플라인 함수 추정

강상길,이우동,윤용화,김종태 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學 Vol.2 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 선형 스무딩 스플라인에 대한 단순하고 구체화된 형태를 제안하고, 구체화된 선형 스무딩 스플라인 형태를 통하여 스무딩 스플라인의 특성을 이해하고는 어떻게 비모수 함수 추정량의 도구로서 사용될 수 있는지를 보인다. 또한 예제를 통하여 다른 비모수적 추정량들과 비교하였다. In this paper, we give simple and closed form of linear smoothing spline. Through the form, we understand the characteristics of smoothing spline, and show that how the smoothing spline can be used as a tool for estimator of nonparametric functin. And an example is given for comparison of our esttimator with another nonparametric estimators.