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공주대금 광산 주변에 분포하는 토양과 지하수의 환경지구화학적 특성
이찬희,정현채,최석원 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-
공주대금광산 부근에 분포하는 토양과 지하수의 주성분 및 미량원소를 대상으로 환경지구화학적 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구에서 분석된 토양의 Al/Na(1O.24-22.26)와 K/Na(3.32-5.96), 일부 미량원소의 비(V/Ni=1.50-1.9, Ni/Co=2.40-3.92, Cr/V=1.O7-1.90, La/Ce=O.57.-0.60, Th/Yb=4.68-17.25, La/Th=2.54-3.36, LaN/YbN=10.19-30.45, Co/Th=0.16-1.00, La/Sc=4.23-18.46, Sc/Th=O.15-0.73)로 보아, 근원암의 조성은 중성-산성 화성암에서 유래된 퇴적기원 고변성도의 암석으로 해석할 수 있다. 토양내 주성분 원소의 조성은 시료에 따라 차이가 있으나 기반암에 비하여 Mg와 Ti가 부화되어 있고, 특히 광석 야적장 부근의 밭 토양에서 Fe의 함량이 높다. 토양에서 검출된 유해중금속의 평균 함량은 각각 As=9, Br-2.8, Cu=38, Pb=33, Sb=0.6 및 Zn=130 ppm 이다. 기반암의 조성으로 표준화한 토양내 주원소와 회토류 원소의 평균 부화지수는 0.97 및 3.45 이다. 미량원소의 평균 부화지수는 5.94이나, 환경적 독성원소 (As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn)는 7.90 이다. 연구지역 지하수의 음이온 및 양이온 함량은 비광화대에서 광화대로 가며 모두 높은 함량을 보이고 EC 및 TDS와 정의 상관도를 갖는다. 이 지하수는 Na+K-Cl 형이 주류를 이루고 있으나 광산활동 이 있었던 부근으로 가며 Ca-HCO3형으로 진화하였다. 환경동위원소비(δ18O 및δD)는 일반적인 순환수 조성보다 하향 이동하여 도시되며 δD=6δ18O+10의 관계식을 갖는다. 광산부근 지하수에 함유된 원소의 함량을 비광화대 지하수의 조성으로 표준화한 음이온, 양이온 및 독성원소의 평균 무화지수는 5.59,5.86 빛 8.9a으로서 모든 원소가 광화대의 지하수에서 부화되어 있다. 그러나 EPA의 기준치를 적용하여 산출된 독성원소의 부화지수는 토양=0.40, 지하수= 0.46으로서 연구지역은 중금속의 오염에 노출되지는 않은 것으로 판단된다. Geochemical characteristics of environmental toxic elements for soil and gronndwater in the vicinity of the KongjudaeKeum mine area were investigated on the basis- of major and minor elements geochemistry. Ratios of AVNa and K/Na in the soil samples range from 10.24 to 22.26 and from 3.32 to 5.96, respectively. Characteristics of some [trace and rare earth elements including V/Ni (1.50 to 1.97), Ni/Co (2.40 to 3.92), Cr/V (1.07 to 1.90), La/Ce (0.57 to 1.60), Th/Yb (4.68 to 17.25), La/Th (2.54 to 3.36), La,/Ybn (10.19 to 30.45), Co/Th (0.16 to 1.00), La/Sc (4.23 to 18.46) wid Sc/Th (0.15 to 0.73) are revealed relatively homogeneous compositions. These results suggest that source rock of the host granitic gneiss be originated from sedimentary rocks with intermediate to acidic compositions. Some major elements such as Mg, Ti and especially Fe are more enriched in the soils, rather than the host granitic gneiss. The average enrichment indices normalized by host rock composition of major and rare earth elements in the soils from the mining area are 0.97 and 3.45, respectively. Average concentrations (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements in soils are As=9, Br=2.8, Cu=38, Pb=33, Sb=0.6 and Zn=130, and high concentrations are found in the farmland soils near the ore dump and main shaft. Environmental toxic elements (As, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn) are strongly enriched in most soil samples, compared with the host rock. Anion and cation contents in groundwater gradually increase toward mining area to mining area. Groundwaters in this area characterized by Na+K-Cl type, but this groundwaters evolved into the Ca-HCO3 type influenced by mining activities. The composition of environmental isotopes(δ18O and δD) is plotted on down-shift line of δD=6δ18O+10, in comparision with normal meteoric water line. Average enrichment indice-s, which are normalized by groundwater compositions in the non-mining area, anion, cation and toxic elements of the mining area groundwaters are 5.59, 5.86 and 8.90, respectively. The enrichment index level of toxic element in soil (0.40) and groundwater (0.46) is not severe in mining area, while it is not so great in mining effects, normalizing by EPA values, respectively.
운동부하 흰쥐에서 포도당 증합체가 심근 당원에 미치는 영향
이석강,조성현,김용운,박덕일,김종연,장용찬 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.1
운동부하전 섭취한 탄수화물이 운동흰쥐의 심근 및 골격근이 당원량에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 심근과 골격근의 대사적 차이점의 일단을 연구한 본 논문의 결과는 다음과 같다. 심근과 골격근 당원량(mg/ g wet tissue, 이하 단위 동일)은 정상군에서 심근 2.62±0.51로서 골격근의 3.37±0.58보다 낮았다(p<0.01). 심근 당원량은 정상군이 2.62±0.51이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 63%수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01), 탄수화물섭취군은 정상군의 86 및 90%수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 142 및 137%정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동30분의 78%(정상군의 49%)수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 운동 30분에 비하여 72(p<0.01, 정상군의 62%), 81%정도(p<0.05, 정상군의 73%)로 감소하였다. 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 147% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 63%(정상군의 33%) 수준으로 감소하였으며 (p<0.01) 포도당섭취군은 운동 60분의 69%(정상군의 50%)수준으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 차이가 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 202 및 162% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. 골격근 당원량은 정상군이 3.37±0.58 이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 69% 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 정상군의 85 및 88% 수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 125 및 129% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동 30분의 77%(정상군의 53%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05)탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 30분에 비하여 93(정상군의 80%), 89(정상군의 78%) %정도로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 포도당중합체 및 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 각각 대조군의 152 및 149% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게 (p<0.001) 많았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 50%(정상군의 26%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.001) 포도당 섭취군은 운동 60분의 75%(정상군의 58%)수준으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소하였으나 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 대조군의 84%(정상군의 67%)정도로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군우ㅢ 255 및 221% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 높았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 심근과 골격근 간의 생리, 생화학적 특성의 차이에도 불구하고 탄수화물의 섭취후 중등도 정도의 달리기 운동시 근 당원의 함량에 미치는 영향은 정도의 차이는 있으나 같은 경향을 나타내었으며, 골격근에서 심근보다 더 많은 근 당원 절감효과를 나타내었다. 또한 운동전 탄수화물의 섭취시 이러한 근 당원 절감 효과로 장시간의 운동시 심근 및 골격근 당원의 고갈 지연으로 운동수행능력의 증가가 기대되며, 특히 포도당 보다는 포도당 중합체의 섭취시 효과가 더 크리라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose and glucose plymer ingestion on the concentration of the cardiac muscle glycogen at 30, 60 and 12 minutes of the treadmill running in rats. Rats were randomly assinged to normal, control, and carbohydrate groups. Carbohydrate group was divided into glucose, and glucose polymer ingested rats. The experiment was carried out after overnight fasting. Rats were administrated either water (control) of carbohydrates of formulated glucose(6%), and glucose polymer(6%) via polyethylene tube to the stomaach before treadmill run. Exercise was loaded by a treadmill run at the speed of I ㎞/hr for 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The results of experiment were as follows: Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was lower than that of the skeletal muscle (plantaris) in normal rats. Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and carbobydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in decreasing order at 120 minutes treadmill running (% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats were 33, 50, and 63% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Glycogen content of the skeletal muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and corbohydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in ecreasing order 120 minutes treadmill running(% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal were 26, 58, and 67% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Change of the glycogen content of the cardiac and the skeletal muscle during treadmill running after glucose and glucose polymer ingestion showed that both muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrates ingested rats. Decreasing rate of glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles during treadmill running compared to normal in carbohydrates ingested rats was lower than that of control. From these results, it is suggested glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrate ingested rats. Glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles in carbohydrate singested rats less decreased than that of control during treadmill running compared to normal. Glucose polymer of the carbohydrates ingested rats in considered as the most effective for glycogen sparing according to exercise time in both muscles. Therefore, intake of carbohydrate, especially glucose polymer, before exercise may be increase performance of the prolonged moderate exercise.
최근 10년간 조선대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 신환에 관한 역학적 연구(1990-1999)
이창섭,류현섭,김효석,이상호 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.3
본 연구는 소아환자들의 변화하는 특성을 파악하고 이해함으로써 환자나 보호자와의 적절한 의사소통을 위한 자료나 정보 제공을 용이하게 하며 , 적절한 진단과 치료계획을 수립하는 데 도움을 주며 , 또한 국내 다른 지 역을 중심으로 한 연구와 비교 분석하여 이 지방의 소아환자의 치료의 방향성을 설정하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 이를 위해 1990년 1월 1일부터 1999년 12월 31일 까지 조선대학교 부속치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 모든 신환아동을 대상으로 하여 분포와 변화추세를 조사 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.내원환자의 수는 56년 이후 증가 추세이며, 남자가 55.9%, 여자가 44.1%로 남자가 여자보다 많은 비율을 보였다 (P>0.05) . 2. 연령별 분포에서 3∼4세 군의 내원율이 23.4%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 5∼6세 군이 19.9%, 7∼8세 군이 17.7%,0∼2세 군이 14.6%순 이었다. 3 내원환자의 거주지 분포에서 광주시내 거주자가내원환자의 83.0%로 대부분을 차지하였고,근거리 광주시외 거주자는 5.4%를 보였다 4.내원환자의 주소(chiefcomplaint)별 분포에서 충치 치료를 주소로 내원한 경우가 40.5%로 가장 많았고, 구강검진이 13.9% , 교정적 문제가 12.6%를 보였다. 5.외상을 주소로 내원한 환자중 치관 파절이 41.4%로 가장 많았고, 아탈구가 19.4%, 진탕이 12.0%. 완전탈구가 11.4% , 함입이 9.3%를 차지하였다. 6.내원동기의 분포는 의뢰되지 않은 경우가 78,7%를 차지하고, 의뢰된 경우 중 치과의원에서 의뢰된 경우가 전체의 20.5%이고,치과의원에서 의뢰된 경우 중 진료의 난이도 때문이 12.7%,행동조절의 어려움 때문이 6.2%를 나타냈다. 7. 주기적인 검사가 되는 환자가 전체환자의 19.6%를 차지하였고, 그 중 3개월 후가 36.7% , 6개월 후가 22.2% , 9개월 후가 13.5%를 나타냈다. The purpose of this study was to make public oral health plan more effective and the improvement of the hors-pital management system for better clinical dental practice. Distribution and trends were examined in all patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Pedodontics, Dental Hospital, Chosun University over 10 year-period from 1990 to 1999 Results were as follows, 1.The number of patients per year was increasing trend after 1996 and higher visiting rate in male(55.9% ) than in female(44.1%). 2.Age distribution had shown 3∼4 year-old group being the largest (23.4% ) and each percentage of 5∼6, 7∼8,0∼2. 9∼10. 11∼12, 13∼14. above∼15 year-old group was 19.9%, 17.7%, 14.6% 12.6%, 8.0%, 3.3%, 0.5%. 3.Geographic distribution showed a majority of patients in Kwang-Ju (83.0%) . Group in the suburbs of Kwang-Ju (Jang-Sung group) was 5.4%. 4.Dental caries showed the highest percentage(40.5%) in chief complaints and percentage of oral exam, orthodontic problem, oral pain, trauma. supernumerary teeth, swelling was 13.9%, 12.6% . 8.8%. 7.4% , 5.5%,4.9% 5.In all patients with traumatic problem, crown fracture showed the highest percentage(41.4%) and percentage of subluxation was 19.4%. 6 Majority(78.7% ) of patients were not refired, and percentage of patients refered from local clinic was 20.5%. 7 Patients who had periodic check-up comprised 19.6% , and percentage of after 3, 6, 9. 12, 18,24month was 36.7%,22.2%, 13.5%, 11.3%,5.4%, 11.0%.
ARMA 모델의 次數決定과 最大近似法을 利用한 스펙트럼 推定에 關한 硏究
이석규,南炫道 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1984 연구보고 Vol.12 No.1
A spectral analysis from given data can be widely applied to system theory, optics, spectroscopy, oil exploration, earthquake analysis and many other areas. The signal is modeled as a linear combination of its past values and present and past values of a hypothetical input to a system whose output is a given signal. Using this model, spectral estimation problem can be reduced to estimate the ARMA coefficient and order determination problem. There are several order determination techniques in existence, most of which are trial and error based. The AIC and singularity test are such examples. This paper represents a new order determination technique using Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization and improves numerical performance by using normalized correlation coefficients. And recursive maximum likelihood algorithm is used for estimationg ARMA coefficients. Finally, Computer simulations are presented to illustate the above methods.
신현철,김성준,성진석,전영중,이재흥 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Can molasses, the most widely used carbon source for the industrial fermentation of L-lysine, usually contains a high concentration of calcium ions which tend to cause scaling problem in the recovery process. To remove the calcium ions, cane molasses was pretreated with sulfuric acid by adjusting the pH to 2.5~3.5. When the pretreated solution was directly heat-sterilized and used in the fermentation, a significant reduction in L-lysine production was observed. In this paper, we proved that sucrose is a superior substrate for L-lysine fermentation of that of glucose or fructose and that the above-mentioned decrease of L-lysine production was caused by the hydrolysis of sucrose in the molasses when the molasses was heat-sterilized at a low pH. The problem was overcome by adjusting the pH of molasses to neutral before sterilization.
강숙현,이석순 광주보건대학 1989 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
The purpose of this study was to search the philosophical, theoretical back-grounds and practices in the Number Activities of the Constructivist Early Childhood Education Program. In order to achieve this purpose, following questions of study was given. 1. What are the philosophical, theoretical backgrounds in the Constructivist Program ? 2. What are the contents and unfolding methods i n the Constructivist Program ? 3. How emphasize the motives for number activities ? 4. How are the child's grouping in the number activities 5. How compose the social environment in the Consructivist Program ? 6. What are the teacher's role and teaching strategies To summarize, the philosophical, theoretical backgrounds ; contents ; unfolding methods ; motivation ; grouping of children ; and the teacher's role and teaching strategies of Constructivist Early Childhood Program, present study referring the books, dissertations. program brochures and seminar informations about the Constructivism. The conclusions of this study are as follows ; 1. In the philosophical, theoretical backgrounds, Constructructivist progam is based on Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory. It was developed by Constance Kamii and Rheta DeVries in 1967. 2 The aims of the Number Activities of Constructivist are 'DEVELOPMENT" and "INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY".. Constructivist includes activities through the everyday life and group games. Therefore the Constructivist program need not special materials. But situations within everyday life and are emphasized so as to develop to construct number's structure and relationships. 3. The Number Activities of Constructivist Early Childhood Education Program emphasize children's interest and motivation. Children's interest become the motives for spontaneous activities . 4. Children are grouped by themselves because Constructivist program emphasize children's interest and spontaneous participation. 5. In Constructivist program, the social environment are emphasized inter-action. Active interaction involves the conflict and the cooperation. 6. Constructivist teachter observes and takes part in play activities, and stimulus children's intellectual thinking. And the teacher arranges the educational environments, mainly use indirect method, i.e. children's everyday life and group games in practical teaching-learning situation.
강석구,박정민,이정운,고현관 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.34 No.2
벼의 혹명나방의 성 유인 물질인 (Z)-13-옥타데센-1-올 아세테이트를 새로운 방법으로 합성하였다. 즉, 1-헥신의 리튬 음이온을 보호된 12-브로모-1-도데칸을 THP 에테르와 반응시켜, 13-옥타데신-1-올 THP에테르를 만든후 Lindlar 촉매에 의한 수소화 반응을 시켜 (Z)-13-옥타데센-1-올 THP에테르를 얻는다. 산촉매하에서 보호기를 제거한 후 피리딘 용매하에서 무수아세트산을 반응시켜 최종 생성물인 (Z)-13-옥타데센-1-올 아세테이트를 좋은 수율로 얻었다. 농촌진흥청의 곤충과와 공동으로 상기에서 합성된 성 유인 물질을 이용하여 혹명 나방의 숫컷에 대한 성 유인 효과를 실험해본 결과 성 유인 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. A new method is described for the synthesis of (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate(1), the sex pheromone of the Rice Leaf Folder moth. Lithium acetylide of 1-hexyne was alkylated with 12-bromo-1-dodecanol THP ether. 13-Octadecyn-1-ol THP ether was stereoselectively reduced over Lindlar catalyst(Pd/BaSO_4) to give (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol THP ether. (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol THP ether was deprotected and acetylated with acetic anhydride and pyridine to afford the final product, (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate. Biological activity test of the synthetic compound, (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate was tested in the field using polyethylene capsules as containers. The numbers of moths trapped with pheromone vials were counted.
김현주,이정석,조만기 동서대학교부설연구소 1998 연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-
The growth of photoautotrophic organism such as microalgae occurs through photosynehesis in which light is the basic limiting factor in terms of photobiology and photobiotechnology. The light harvesting pigments found in microalgae are chlorphyll, phycobiliprotein and carotenoid. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments and growth are effected by the environment-specifically, photonflux density. Therefore, adaptations of microalgae to photon flux density were studied and compared in Chlorella vulgaris and Spriulina platensis. Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis were cultured under illumination of red, green, blue, and white spectrum light with equivalent photon flux density(77 μ Em??s?? between 400 and 700nm). Cultures of Cholorella vularis grown under red, green, blue and white light expressed similar maximum specific growth rates (1.3842 day??, 1.3250 day??, 1.4226, 1.4609 day??, respectively). However, maximum specific growth rates of spirlina platensis in red(0.8142 day??) and white (0.7493 day??) light-grown culture were higher than those in green (0.4404 day??) and blue light (0.4485 day??). Since phycobiliproteins aborbed and orange light were associated with photosystemⅡ and transfered absorbing light energy predominatly to photosytem Ⅱ, red and white light including light-absorbing spectrum of phycobiliprotein were effective for growth of Spirulina platensis.