한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

광주광역시 전문계 고등학교 특성화 및 종합발전방안

나승일,정철영,김진모,안강현,한홍진,김기용,민상기,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이 연구는 ① 전문계 고등학교 관련 선행연구 분석,② 인력육성 및 특성화 방향을 설정하기 위하여 광주광역시,전라남도,우리나라의 산업여건 분석,③ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교에 대해 Malcolm Baldrige 평가모형에 의한 진단평가와 SWOT 및 활용전략 분석, ④ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 개편 요구 분석,⑤ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안 설정 등의 과정을 통해 수행되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째,비전은 광주광역시 전문계고 특성화와 발전 역량 구축을 통한 산업체 요구에 부합하는 우수 인력 양성이며,이를 위한 전략은 특성화 체제구축,학교교육 혁신,인적 자원 혁신,학교경영 혁신,인프라 구축으로 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 특성화 체제 구축은 특성화 체제 개편,교육과정 중심 특성화,학과 재배치 통합형 고교 도입,특성화고 신설을 통해 추진할 수 있 는데 특히,교육과정 중심 특성화가 적극 도입되어야 한다. 셋째,학교교육 혁신은 교육과정 개편,교수 학습 개선,진로지도 개선,시설 및 기자재 개선을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 넷째,인적자원 혁신은 학교 관리자 역량 강화,교원 역량 강화,학생 역량 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 다섯째,학교경영 혁신은 경영 리더십 제고,경영 성과관리 강화,학교 재정 혁신을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 여섯째,인프라 구축을 위해 지자체,대학,산업체,지역주민과 연계 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 일곱째,13개 전문계 고둥학교의 여건 및 특성에 적합한 단위학교별 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies to specialize and develop vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The study was orderly performed as follows: (1) reviewing literature about vocational high school, (2) analyzing the condition of industries, (3) diagnosing the vocational high school through Malcolm Baldrige model, (4) analyzing the SWOT and application strategies, (5) analyzing the needs of reform, and (6) establishing the strategies for the specialization and development of Vocational High Schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The major findings of this study were as the following: First, the vision was to bring up excellent human resources to corresponds industrial needs through specialization and development of vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Five strategies to achieve it were creating the specialization system, innovating the school education, human resources, and the school management, and building the infrastructure. Second, creating the specialization system can be performed through five tasks which were restructuring the specialization system, creating curriculum-based specialization, trading departments in inter-schools, introducing an integrated high school, and building a new specialized high school. Especially curriculum based specialization needs to be accepted. Third, innovating the school education can be performed through four tasks which were reorganizing the curriculum, improving the teaching and learning, improving the career guidance, and improving the facilities and equipments. Fourth, innovating human resources can be performed through three tasks which were enhancing each competencies of a school manager, a teacher, and a student. Fifth, innovating the school management can be performed through three tasks which were improving the management leadership, developing the performance management, and innovating the school finance. Sixth, building the infrastructure can be performed through four tasks which were enhancing the relationships with a local government, colleges, industries, and local residents. Seventh, individual strategies for the specialization and development of thirteen vocational high schools were also developed by corresponding to their conditions and characteristics.

힘의 흐름을 고려한 전통목조건축의 栱包의 지붕형식에 관한 연구

강하나,김진상 인제대학교 2008 仁濟論叢 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 힘의 흐름을 고려한 전통목조건축의 공포와 지붕형식에 관한 것이다. 전통건축의 지붕과 공포에 대해 이론적으로 분석하고 이 두가지 구성요소 사이에 힘의 흐름을 고려하여 모멘트와 응력의 수치적 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 전통건축의 두드러진 특징 중 하나는 지붕과 공포이다. 이는 주요구조부재로서 중요한 역할을 하며 하나의 시스템으로 해석될 수 있다. 또 다른 특징은 전통목조건축물에서 다포계 공포를 갖는 팔작지붕의 사용은 흔히 볼 수 있지만 주심포계 공포를 갖는 팔작지붕은 극히 드물다는 것이다. 이러한 문제로 본 연구에서는 지붕과 공포에 대해 정의하고 상세히 설명하였다. 먼저, 전통목조건축을 서양건축과 비교하여 설명하고 가구형식별로 분류하여 그 특징을 분석하였다. 그리고 분석대상의 지붕은 간단히 팔작지붕과 맞배지붕으로 분류하였고 공포는 주심포계와 다포계로 대별하였다. 다포계 공포에서 팔작지붕과 맞배지붕의 하중을 가한 경우와 주심포계 공포에서 팔작지붕과 맞배지붕의 하중울 가한 경우룰 각각 비교하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 형태별 지붕하중에 따른 공포의 거동을 비교하였다. 그 결과 다포계에서는 주심포보다 상당한 안전율을 가지며, 주심포계는 이러한 점을 보완하기 위한 보강재가 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. This study is concerned about the bracket system and roof shape for the traditional wooden architecture considering flow of force. The bracket system and roof for the tradtional architecture was analyzed theoretically and it was compared these component considering flow of force with moment and stress. The bracket system and roof is one of the traditional architecture characteristics. It is important part of structure members and which is understood one system. The other characteristics in traditional architecture is often looked at Hipped-and-gable roof with Dapogye but Chusimpogye is not. Because of this reason, This study explained the bracket system and roof thoroughly. First of all, it was compared the traditional architecture with the western architecture and then it was categorized Hipped-and-gable roof and gable roof briefly after the bracket system was divided into Dapogye and Chusimpogye. That was compared case1 with case2. Case1: Type of roof loads in Dapogye. Case2: Type of roof loads in Chusimpogye. The most important thing is movement of bracket system in study. As a result, Dapogye has safety than Chusimpogye, and Chusimpogye needs reinforced material to piece out in this case.

變質된 옥수수겨의 給與로 因한 乳牛의 中毒症例

羅鎭洙,李政吉,康炳奎 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1979 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-

An outbreak of toxicity syndrome occurred in 17 Holstein cows after eating moldy corn bran in June, 1979. Three of 17 cows died, nine were killed owing to being unable to rise and five recovered after showing signs of illness The clinical signs of illness were hyper-excitability, muscular spasms, shaking or stamping with rear limbs, rigors, ataxia, recumbency, anorexia, non-rumination, diarrhea, polyuria, loss of condition, rapid fall in milk production, dyspnea, fever and abortion. Necropsy findings included pulmonary hyperemia or emphysema, intestinal hemorrhages, edematous kidneys, and intra-uterine hemorrhages. Histopathologicl findings showed hemorrhages and congestion of spleen, dilated sinusoids and pyknosis of hepatocytes of liver, pulmonary emphysema and interstitial hyperplasia and hemorrhages into the renal tubules. The suspected moldy corn bran proved to be toxic by experimental feeding to mice. From the above-mentioned results, it is suspected that the cause of the outbreak was mycotoxicosis. Results of analysis of the feed for toxic agents and identification of the mold will be reported later.

임상적으로 유용한 분석목표(analytical goal)의 설정

강은숙,김미나,김진규,민원기 대한임상병리학회 1996 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.16 No.5

무혈혈당측정

강나루,우영아,김효진 동덕여자대학교 종합약학연구소 2001 동덕약학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop a noninvasive blood glucose measurement method by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Reflectance NIR spectra of different parts of human body (finger tip, earlobe, and inner lip) were Recoreded by using a fiber optic probe. The spectra were collected over the spectral range 1100-1700nm. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was applied for the calibration and validation for the determination of blood glucose. The calibration with the use of PLS model predicted for validation set glucose concentration with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 33㎎/㎗.

기초직업능력표준 제도화 방안

나승일,정철영,김주섭,구자길,김강호,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 기초직업능력표준의 활용성 제고를 위해, 직업교육훈련 및 자격제도에 기초직업능력표준의 도입 방안과 법적·정책적 제언을 하는데 있었다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 문헌고찰, 내용분석, 조사연구, 전문가협의회 등의 연구방법이 활용되었다. 기초직업능력표준 제도화 방안 개발을 위해 기초직업능력표준의 자격도입 및 교육훈련에의 활용에 필요한 인프라를 구축하고 이를 법적으로 규정하는 것을 기본방향으로 설정하였다. 기본 방향에 따라 ① 기초직업능력 자격은 국가기술자격에 표준을 반영하거나 신설하되 응시자격에 제한을 두지 않고, 결과인증 방법을 통해 3등급으로 구분한다. 단, 직업윤리는 등급을 구분하지 않고 합격과 불합격의 단일동급을 적용한다. ② 기초직업능력표준을 학교 교육과정 및 훈련기준에 반영하되 기존 교과에 반영하거나 별도 교과를 신설한다. 이를 위해 학습자, 교육훈련기관, 자격검정기관, 인프라 차원의 지원이 요구된다.③ 기초직업능력 교육훈련과 자격의 연계를 위해 교육훈련이수자에게 자격시험의 일부 또는 전체를 면제하도록 한다. ④ 기초직업능력표준의 관리 · 운영은 한국산업인력공단에서 담당하되 주요 심의사항은 자격정잭심의위원회에서 주관하도록 한다. 제도화 방안의 실제 적용을 위해 자격기본법, 근로자직업능력개발법 등의 관련 법제 정비를 위한 제언을 제시하였으며, 제도화의 효율적인 추진을 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop the introduction plan and to identify the revision points of laws and the political implications related with basic competencies standards for improving utilization based on vocational training and qualification. For the purpose, literature reviews, contents analysis, survey and experts council were conducted. This study suggested the basic framework which was building infra and legislation consolidation required on establishment qualifying system and improvement utilization to institutionalize the basic competencies standards. According to this, ① basic competencies qualification should be considered on national technical qualification and be graded 3 levels through summative evaluation without application requirements. But vocational ethics must be under the pass-fail system. ② It should be make the best use of basic competencies standards on schooling curriculum and vocational training standards by means of modifying existing courses or creating new courses. For this, it need to support learners, training and education institutions, qualifying test institutions, and infra. ③ Individuals who complete the course should be exempt on whole or partial exam for linking between training and qualification. ④ Management and operation of basic competencies standards should be controled by Human Resource Development Service of Korea, and the right to deliberate need to be authorized by Qualification Policy Deliberation Committee. To realize institutionalization, this study suggested consolidating the related laws including Framework Act on Qualifications, Workers' Vocational Competency Development Act, and so on. Moreover, it recommended political proposal for effective actualization of institutionalization.

농업교육훈련 프로그램 평가

나승일,김강호,민상기,이민욱,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 2006년 농림부의 국고지원을 통해 77개 기관에서 운영된 총 157개 농엽교육훈련 프로그램의 효율성 및 성과에 대한 평가와 개선방안을 수립하는데 있었다. 이를 위해 프로그램별 모니터링,프로그램별 자체보고서,농업교육훈련 담당자 질의응답을 설시하였으며,평가위원회를 구성하여 최종 평가결과를 도출하였다. 그리고 평가에 활용된 평가기준은 4개 평가영역,16개 평가항목,26개 평가지표로 구성하였다. 평정을 위한 체크리스트에서 각 평가지표를 2∼4단계의 실행수준을 설정하였으며,이를 바탕으로 지표별 점수가 산출되었다. 평가등급은 A등급(90점 이상),B등급(80점 이상), C등급(70점 이상),D등급(70점 미만)과 평가유보로 부여하였다. 농업교육훈련 프로그램의 전체적인 평가결과는 A등급 43개(27.4%),B등급 70개(44.6%),C등급 33개 (21.0%),평가유보 11개(7.0%)로 나타났다. 그리고 농업교육훈련 프로그램 유형별 평가영역과 항목에 대한 평점을 도출하였다. 이러한 농업교육훈련 프로그램의 평가를 바탕으로 한 농업교육훈련의 종합적인 개선방안을 기관별 중장기 교육프로그램 체계 구축,교육대상자 확대 및 이력관리,예산지원 체계 개편,교육기관별 프로그램 특성화,교육기관 및 프로그램 인증제 도입,교육대상의 특성에 맞는 프로그램 다양화,농업교육훈련 담당자 역량 개발 지원,비농업관련 강사진의 농업소양교육 지원,우수 사례 벤치마킹 및 활용 지원 등을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to set up evaluation about efficiency and performance in total of 157 agricultural education & training program operated by 77 institutions through the support from the ministry of agriculture in 2006. Monitoring, in-house report in each program, and survey of HRD practitioner in the field of agricultural education & training was performed and result of evaluation was finalized through committee of evaluation, In addition, evaluation standard was composed of 4 domains, 16 sub-domains, and 26 indicators. The score for each indicator was decided based on a checklist, which has 2 to 4 levels for each indicator. And evaluation grade was consisted of As(over 90), Bs(over 80), Cs(over 70), Ds(under 70) and Undecided. The overall result of evaluation agricultural education & training program was rated as 43 As(27,4%), 70 Bs (44.6%) 33 Cs (21.0%), 11 of undecided (7.0%). Grade point indicating domains and sub-domains of evaluation according to program type was driven. Based on this direction of improvement regarding agricultural education & training program was suggested as follow: ① Set up middle- and long-term system of education program in every institution, ② expand learning opportunities to farmers and resume management ③ improve budget supporting system ④ customize program according to institutions ⑤ introduce certification of education institution and program ⑥ diverse program according to farmers' characteristics ⑦ support competency development of HRD practitioner in the field of agricultural education & training ⑧ support agriculture-related education for non-agricultural instructors. ⑨ support the utilization of best practices.

協同學習의 유형과 인지적 및 정의적 효과

나동진,김강식 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1999 敎育論叢 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate cooperative learning methods, and the most effective learning ways of cooperative learning. Above all, for these things on the basis of types of learning following concept of cooperative learning. I observed conditions and traits of cooperative, competitive, individualistic learning shortly. And then I examined the difference of a kind of small group learning, cooperative learning and traditional small group learning. And also, I observed the traits of cooperative learning types, selected and presented types to apply easily in our Korean Educational Environment. And then, I looked around most suitable types to use under subjects and situations. Besides, I examined what matters to consider in such situations are. And first of all, what is important is that cooperative learning strategy is effective to form cognitive, affective traits. As inquiring the effect of education through situational variables such as subjects, size off group, situation demanding experimentation, sex, I grouped situation to get the greatest effect. Moreover to apply cooperative learning strategy and competitive learning strategy, I was a help to spread out learning, as inquiring such as considerable lesson of target, conditions. In this manner, as inquiring what the most effective way to apply for solution higher spiritual function is cooperative learning, I wrote to be a help for people working in educational spot. As inquiring procedural studies, these studies make clear that in general when to learn in small group in the classroom situation than traditional competitive learning program is more effective. To the list of themes related to the effect of cooperative learning, learning achievement elevation, retention effect, using reasoning of higher level, ability to choose a viewpoint, intrinsic motive reinforcement, attitude for peers having other background each other, attitude for school, attitude for teacher self-esteem, social support psycho-adaptability, elevation of cooperative skill and so on(Johnson & Johnson, 1978, Slavin et al., 1987; Kagan 1995). Besides as looking into the history and recent trend of cooperative learning. I made an endeavor to give a help to the more progressive cooperative learning studies. If we are to speak in conclusion, cooperative learning way is easy to think like a cure-all, but according to subjects and higher level, medium level lower level, competitive learning can be effective and effect can be different. Grouping ways can be least demerits such as noise of learning field, shift to others the homework that he himself should be undertook, we will endeavor to do the most effective, the most efficient learning.