의료방사선관리의 국제화 연구 : 핵의학분야의 의료방사선관리

김인규,오헌진,김혁주,오현주,박기정,이광용,이병영,정승환,강영규,이현구,김귀야,한상용,김연교,양현규,이명철 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

의료방사선은 인간의 질병진료와 예밤에 활용되어 각종 질병으로부터의 적절한 진단 및 의학발전에 중대한 역할을 담당하고 띤다. 또한 인공방사선원중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 방사선원을 이웅한 이득과 손실을 생각쌀 때 피폭선량의 최소화 및 곡률적영향의 최소화를 위해 이득을 최대화하는 노력을 하고 있다. 진단뿐만 아니라 치료에도 사응하고 있는 인공방사선원의 적절한 관리를 위한 조사 및 연구는 국내에서는 아픽까진 실시되지 않았으며, 국외에서는 이미 활발한 조사 덴 연구가 이루어 지 고 있다. 일반적으로 의료기관의 핵의학분야에서 환자의 진단 및 치료에 사용되는 방사성의약품으로는 Tc-99in, Ga-67, 1-131, 71-201 등이 있으며 이를 이용한 방사능측정웅장비 및 치료뭉장비에는 Gamma Camera, 감마선재측기, 베타선계측기, Dose CaTibrator, PET(양전자방출전산화단층촬영장치)등이 있다. 이어 식푿의약품안전청f"서는 핵의학분야의 방사선보건학적 연구를 위해 핵의학분야의 진료와 관련된 인력, 시설, 장비, 방사성의약품의 사응, 핵의학적 진료형태 및 핵의학적 진료장치에 대한 성능관리등에 대해 조사·연구하였다. A nationwide survey was conducted in the Korea in 2001 to determine the facilities available and the level of activity at centres where radionuclide and therapy was practised in 2000. A response rate of 75% indicated that 120 centres were providing radionuclide therapy and diagnosis. About the good treatment of radionuclide using in medical, researched so many country, but not yet in. Generally nuclear medical part use Tc-99m, Ga-67, I-131, Tl-201 in diagnosis and therapy, radiation detector and equipment for therapy use Gamma Camera, beta-counter, Dose Calibrator PET(Positron Emission Tomography). 81% rate of centre has Gamma Camera and 97% rate of use Tc-99m, I-131 radionuclide. In-vitro did more than in-vivo test absolutely. So in KFDA researched in unclear medical part in Man-Power, facilities, equipment use of nuclear medicine, part of diagnosis and diagnosis equipment.

건설VE의 기능정의와 FAST작성 개선에 관한 연구

인치성,구교진,현창택 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose on this study was to compare and analyze the VE implementation tendency inside and outside of the country, development of methodology in function definition and proposal for computerized FAST diagram creation by suggested VE concept module. To prevent VE/M Methodology application from the non-efficiency application, the Supports and Detachable Units in SAR Methodology which used in multi-housing design, SVM(Systematic Value Methodology) diagram of the Shaozhi(2002) and Classification of ISO 1994 were applied to this actual practice as the FDM(Function Definition Module). The Improvement of this function definition method, computerized FAST diagram creation, and applying the VE Concept module is to be used to create much ideas for enhancement in construction field.

Gonadotropins, Prostaglandin F_2α 및 Ouabain이 황체막의 Ca⁺⁺}-ATPase 활성도에 미치는 영향

구본숙(Koo, Bon-Sook),김인교(Kim, In-Kyo) 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.1

It has been reported that the luteal function may be regulated by the intracellular Ca⁺⁺ level which may be adjusted partially by the high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase in luteal cell membranes. Then, one may expect that luteotropic and/or luteolytic agents, such as gonadotropins, prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) and ouabain, affect the intracellular Ca⁺⁺ level. In this present study, therefore, we examined the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH, or human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG), PGF^2α and ouabain on the kinetic properties of the high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase in light membrane, heavy membrane, and microsomal fractions from the highly luteinized ovary. LH (or hCG) increased the affinity and the Vmax for Ca⁺⁺ both in light membrane and heavy membrane. PGF^2α increased the Vmax in light membrane and decreased the Km in heavy membrane for Ca⁺⁺ at low concentration (5 μg/ml). At higher concentration, however, PGF^2α oppositly affected on kinetic properties, that shown at low concentration. Ouabain, a potent inhibitor of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, increased the Km at high concentration (10^-4 M), however, decreased the Vmax for Ca⁺⁺ in light membrane at low concentration (10^-6 M). Also, ouabain increased the Km for Ca⁺⁺ in heavy membrane without changes in the Vmax at both concentrations. It seems that LH and low dose of PGF^2α increase the intracellular Ca⁺⁺ level and cause in activation of Ca⁺⁺-ATPase, however, higher dose of PGF^2α and ouabain inhibit directly Ca⁺⁺-ATPase activity and result in increase in intracellular Ca⁺⁺ level. According to the above results, we suggest that luteotropic and/or luteolytic agents regulate the luteal progesterone (P₄) production through two different pathways; one is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and another is Ca⁺⁺-dependent. Intracellula. Ca⁺⁺ level regulated by the high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase may affect both pathways in a time-dependent fashion. LH (or hCG) acts on the luteal P₄ production via both pathways. The initial step is Ca⁺⁺ dependent, and the late step is cAMP dependent. PGF^2α and ouabain increase the intracellular Ca⁺⁺ concentration so that basal luteal P₄ production is increased and LH-stimulated P₄ production is inhibited by the inhibiting LH-dependent adenylate cyclase activity.

Feasibility and Neurobehavioral Changes of 10-Day Simulated Microgravity in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Koo, Kyo-in,Park, Dae Kwon,Hwang, Chang Ho Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2017 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITA Vol.96 No.11

<P>Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate feasibility and functional changes of simulated microgravity with 6-degree head-down-tilt (HDT) bed rest in acute ischemic stroke. Design: Patients without lesions in the cingulate cortex and/or cerebellum were enrolled. They underwent HDT for 30 minutes twice per day for 10 weekdays. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before the HDT, immediately after, and also 30 minutes after the stop. Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Neurobehavioral Tests (i.e., span test, finger-tapping test, continuous performance test, and trail-making test) were conducted before and after the 10-day HDT. Results: One male and four female patients (median age = 64.6 yrs [SD = 10.5 yrs]) were recruited. Changes in the finger-tapping test (57.80 [SD = 40.96] vs. 85.80 [SD = 0.46], P = 0.08) and in the digit span backward test (3.60 [SD = 1.14] vs. 1.42 [SD = 1.75], P = 0.07) were noticed. Few changes were found in other scales. No significant changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or heart rate were observed, and no adverse effects occurred. Conclusions: The 6-degree HDT revealed no adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, showing nonsignificant increment in the fingertapping test (representative of motor speed and performance) and nonsignificant reduction in the digit backward span test (representative of spatial memory).</P>

Gonadotropins, Prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ 및 Ouabain이 황체막의 $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ 활성도에 미치는 영향

구본숙,김인교,Koo, Bon-Sook,Kim, In-Kyo 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.1

It has been reported that the luteal function may be regulated by the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level which may be adjusted partially by the high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ in luteal cell membranes. Then, one may expect that luteotropic and/or luteolytic agents, such as gonadotropins, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}\;(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ and ouabain, affect the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level. In this present study, therefore, we examined the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH, or human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG), $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and ouabain on the kinetic properties of the high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ in light membrane, heavy membrane, and microsomal fractions from the highly luteinized ovary. LH (or hCG) increased the affinity and the Vmax for $Ca^{++}$ both in light membrane and heavy membrane. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increased the Vmax in light membrane and decreased the Km in heavy membrane for $Ca^{++}$ at low concentration $(5\;{\mu}g/ml)$. At higher concentration, however, $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ oppositly affected on kinetic properties, that shown at low concentration. Ouabain, a potent inhibitor of $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$, increased the Km at high concentration $(10^{-4}\;M)$, however, decreased the Vmax for $Ca^{++}$ in light membrane at low concentration $(10^{-6}\;M)$. Also, ouabain increased the Km for $Ca^{++}$ in heavy membrane without changes in the Vmax at both concentrations. It seems that LH and low dose of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ increase the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level and cause in activation of $Ca^{++}-ATPase$, however, higher dose of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and ouabain inhibit directly $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ activity and result in increase in intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level. According to the above results, we suggest that luteotropic and/or luteolytic agents regulate the luteal progesterone $(P_4)$ production through two different pathways; one is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and another is $Ca^{++}-dependent$. Intracellula. $Ca^{++}$ level regulated by the high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ may affect both pathways in a time-dependent fashion. LH (or hCG) acts on the luteal $P_4$ production via both pathways. The initial step is $Ca^{++}$ dependent, and the late step is cAMP dependent. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and ouabain increase the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration so that basal luteal $P_4$ production is increased and LH-stimulated $P_4$ production is inhibited by the inhibiting LH-dependent adenylate cyclase activity.

한국 임산부의 앙와위저혈압증후군의 임상적 관찰

김완식,김교상,박동호,전세웅,유희구,김인규,승익상,서정국,원중영 대한마취과학회 1986 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.19 No.5

The supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when the parturients near term in supine, enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava and partially obstructs the lower aorta and venous return to the heart and arterial blood flow to the pelvic organs and lower extremities are decreased. Major supine hypotensive syndrome was defined as a fall greater than 30% or a value less than 80 mmHg in systolic blood pressure. Many studies in Western countries have reported that up to 50% of parturients near term develop signs of shock including fainting, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness or sudden death when they assume supine position. The hazards of obstructing the aorta by the gravid uterus in pregnancy are well documented. Compression of the aorta is not associated with maternal symptoms byt does cause arterial hypotension in the lower extremities and uterine arteries, so it can cause fetal distress and asphyxia. Most parturients are able to compensate for mild to moderate supine hypotensive syndrome by increase in collateral circulation via azygos venous system and vertebral venous system and peripheral resistance or heart rate. But the anesthesiologists must recognize the importance of the supine hypotensive syndrome and the potential hazard of anesthesia in augmenting its effects. We have investigated the incidence of supine hypotensive syndrome in 171 parturients were Cesarean sectioned. we have investigated the correlating factors such as fetal body weight and parturient's physical status, body weight and age among the 36 cases of decreased blood pressure in supine position and also we have investigated the relationship between blood pressure changes and parturient's associated diseases. We have measured the arterial blood pressure indirectly by the Riva-Rocci method when they are lying on the operating table in supine and compared it with arterial blood pressure in their comfortable position in ward. The results are as follows: 1) Among the 171 parturenits, the incidence of decreased arterial blood pressure in supine position was 21%(36cases). However the incidence of increased arterial blood pressure in supine position was 79%(135 cases). No case of severe blood pressure changes defined as a fall greater han 30% was noticed byt there was one case with less than 80mmHg in systolic blood pressure which would be a rate of 0.6%. 2) The relationship between decreased blood pressure in supine posction and fetal body weight and parturient's physical status, body weight and age was not statistically significant(P>0.05). 3) The relationship between decreased blood pressure in supine position and parturient's associated diseases especially preeclampsia or eclampsia was statistically significant(P<0.05).

황체막에서의 $Ca^{++}-ATPase$의 특성

최규복,구본숙,김인교,Choi, Gyu-Bog,Koo, Bon-Sook,Kim, In-Kyo 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.2

It has been reported that the luteal function may be regulated by the intracellular calcium in luteal cells (Higuchi et al, 1976; Dorflinger et at, 1984; Gore and Behrman, 1984) which is adjusted partially by $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ activities in luteal cell membranes (Verma and Pennistion, 1981). However, the physicochemical and kinetic properties of $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ in luteal membranes were not fully characterized. This study was, therefore, undertaken to partially characterize the physicochemical and kinetic properties of $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ system in luteal membranes and microsomal fractions, known as an one of the major $Ca^{++}$ storge sites (Moore and Pastan, 1978), from the highly luteinized ovary Highly luteinized ovaries were obtained from PMSG-hCG injected immautre female rats. Light membrane and heavy membrane fractions and microsomal fractions were prepared by the differential and discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation method desribed by Bramley and Ryan (1980). Light membrane and heavy membrane fractions and microsomal fractions from highly luteinized ovaries are composed of the two different kinds of $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ system. One is the high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ which is activated in low $Ca^{++}$ concentration (Km, 10-30 nM), the other is low affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ activated in higher $Ca^{++}$ concentration $(K_{1/2},\;40\;{\mu}M)$. At certain $Ca^{++}$ concentrations, activities of high and low affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ are the highest in light membrane fractions and are the lowest in microsomal fractions. It appeares that high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ system have 2 binding sites for ATP (Hill's coefficient; around 2 in all membrane fractions measured) and the positive cooperativity of ATP bindings obviously existed in each membrane fractions. The optimum pH for high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ activation is around S in all membrane fractions measured. The lipid phase transition temperature measured by Arrhenius plots of high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ activity is around $25^{\circ}C$. The activation energies of high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ below the transition temperature are similar in each membrane fractions, but at the above transition temperature, it is the hightest in heavy membrane fractions and the lowest in microsomal fractions. According to the above results, it is suggested that intracellular $Ca^{++}$ level, which may regulate the luteal function, may be adjusted primarily by the high affinity $Ca^{++}-ATPase$ system activated in intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration range $(below\;0.1\;{\mu}M)$.

황체막에서의 Ca⁺⁺-ATPase의 특성

최규복(Choi, Gyu-Bog),구본숙(Koo, Bon-Sook),김인교(Kim, In-Kyo) 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.2

It has been reported that the luteal function may be regulated by the intracellular calcium in luteal cells (Higuchi et al, 1976; Dorflinger et at, 1984; Gore and Behrman, 1984) which is adjusted partially by Ca⁺⁺-ATPase activities in luteal cell membranes (Verma and Pennistion, 1981). However, the physicochemical and kinetic properties of Ca⁺⁺-ATPase in luteal membranes were not fully characterized. This study was, therefore, undertaken to partially characterize the physicochemical and kinetic properties of Ca⁺⁺-ATPase system in luteal membranes and microsomal fractions, known as an one of the major Ca⁺⁺ storge sites (Moore and Pastan, 1978), from the highly luteinized ovary Highly luteinized ovaries were obtained from PMSG-hCG injected immautre female rats. Light membrane and heavy membrane fractions and microsomal fractions were prepared by the differential and discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation method desribed by Bramley and Ryan (1980). Light membrane and heavy membrane fractions and microsomal fractions from highly luteinized ovaries are composed of the two different kinds of Ca⁺⁺-ATPase system. One is the high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase which is activated in low Ca⁺⁺ concentration (Km, 10-30 nM), the other is low affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase activated in higher Ca⁺⁺ concentration (K_½, 40 μM). At certain Ca⁺⁺ concentrations, activities of high and low affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase are the highest in light membrane fractions and are the lowest in microsomal fractions. It appeares that high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase system have 2 binding sites for ATP (Hill s coefficient; around 2 in all membrane fractions measured) and the positive cooperativity of ATP bindings obviously existed in each membrane fractions. The optimum pH for high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase activation is around S in all membrane fractions measured. The lipid phase transition temperature measured by Arrhenius plots of high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase activity is around 25℃. The activation energies of high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase below the transition temperature are similar in each membrane fractions, but at the above transition temperature, it is the hightest in heavy membrane fractions and the lowest in microsomal fractions. According to the above results, it is suggested that intracellular Ca⁺⁺ level, which may regulate the luteal function, may be adjusted primarily by the high affinity Ca⁺⁺-ATPase system activated in intracellular Ca⁺⁺ concentration range (below 0.1 μM).

대구 경북지역의 중추신경계 종양현황

조수호,최병연,박연묵,김승래,이정교,김인홍,여형태,이정길,황성수,김상철,변박장,추우홍,변영우,구영두 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.3

The authors analized statistically 403 cases of C.N.S. tumors confirmed by pathology in the boundary of Daegu city and Kyungbook province from January 1984 to December 1986. The results were as follows: 1) The each cases of male and female were 220 (54.6%) and 183 (45.4%). 2) Intracranial tumors were 288 cases (71.5%), spinal tumors 75 (18.6%), and others 40 (9.9%). 3) Numbers of C.N.S. tumors were 8.7/100,000 population in city and 6.3/100,000 in country. 4) Among the intracranial tumors, glioma (30.9%) was the most common and followed by meningioma (16.3%) and metastatic tumor (8.7%). Among the spinal tumors, metastatic tumors was 34.6%, neurofibroma 30.7%, and meningioma 5.3%. 5) The majority of intracranial tumors were found in supratentorial region (76.3%), in which area frequency of tumor incidence were as follows; glioma, meningioma, metastatic tumor. Among the infratentorial area (22.6%), the sequence of tumor incidence were glioma, medulloblastoma, and neurilemmoma. 6) Tumors predominantly in male were oligodendroglioma (2:1), metastatic tumor (1.8:1), and medulloblastoma (1.7:1), and in female were meningioma (l:2), neurilemmoma (l:1.7), and pituitary tumor (1:1.5). 7) Peak age incidence of glioma, meingioma, and neurilemmoma were from 40 to 60 years, pituitary tumor and oligodendroglioma were 30 to SO years, craniopharyngioma and ependymoma were around 10 years old, and metastatic tumor was 50 to 70 years old. 8) In the spinal tumors, the most favorable site of longitudinal axis was thoracic area (62.7%) and transverse location was epidural space (45.3%). 9) The most common site of metastatic tumor were came from lung (29.1%) in brain metastasis and prostate (19.2%) in spine.

한국 정상인과 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 췌도베타세포의 정량

김병기,이광우,이정민,문인성,김용귀,이교영,손호영,차봉연,강무일,윤건호,강성구,고승현,김성래,서선희,김동구,이명덕,강찬석 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.5

Background: There have been several reports about insulin secretory impairment in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients and even in impaired glucose tolerant subjects in Korea. Insulin secretory impairment might be induced by insufficient beta-cell mass, functional defects of beta-cells or both. To clarify the cause of impaired insulin secretion in type 2 non-obese diabetic patients in Korea, betacell masses were quantified in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects. Method: Normal pancreases were procured by 6 heart-beating non-diabetic donors under informed consent from relatives and approval of the university ethical committee. To quantify the beta cell mass and insulin content in various part of the pancreas, first we divided it into 3 parts: head, body and tail, and then each three parts were weighed and subdivided again into 8 segments equally. For diabetic patients, tissue sections were obtained from 15 partial or total pancreatectomized type 2 diabetic patients of any causes. After being fixed, tissues were immunostained using the Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method with anti-insulin antibody. Beta cells were counted by point count method. Results: The mean value of total pancreas weight of normal subjects (n=b) was 77.1±14.6 g, that of mean relative volume of beta cells in the pancreas was 2.1±0.9%, ranging from 1.4% to 3.1%(head 2.3±0.6%, body 1.8±0.2%, tail 2.2±0.4%). Mean value of total beta cell mass which was calculated from relative volume of beta-cells and weight of each portions was 1.3±0.3 g, ranging from 1.2 g to 1.9 g (head 0.6±0.3 g, body 0.4±0.2 g, tail 0.4±0.2 g). Mean insulin content per pancreas was 63.6±46.6 ㎍, ranging from 27.8 to 137.2 ㎍/pancreas (head 25.1±19.1 ㎍, body 20.8±15.5 ㎍, tail 17.7±14.9 ㎍). In diabetic patients, relative volume of beta cells in tissues were variable from 0.4% to 2.8% and there was good correlation between beta-cell mass and body mass index of the diabetic patients. However we can't find the correlation among relative volume of beta-cell, (r²=0.55, p$lt;0.05) duration of diabetes and age. Remarkable heterogeneity for loss of beta-cells in the islets of diabetic patients was observed even in the same lobe of pancreas. There were no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the islets. Conclusion: Insufficient beta cell mass seems to be a main cause for insulin secretory impairment in non-obese type 2 diabetic patients in Korea.