20 m 점증 왕복달리기 검사를 이용한 여중생의 VO2max 추정식 개발

박동호,송정란,이상현,김창선 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.1

박동호, 송정란, 이상현, 김창선. 20 m 점증 왕복달리기 검사를 이용한 여중생 VO2max 추정식 개발. 운동과학, 제23권 제1호, 1-11, 2014. 본 연구의 목적은 새로운 20 m 점증왕복달리검사(20 m PSRT) 프로토콜을 이용하여 우리나라 여중생의 VO2max를 추정할 수 있는 타당성과 신뢰도가 확보된 추정식을 개발하는 데 있다. 총 194명의 여중생(13-15세) 중 127명은 타당도 검사를 위해 그리고 99명(나머지 67명+32명은 타당도 분석에도 참여함)은 신뢰도 검사를 위하여 무작위로 배정하였다. 127명의 참여자는 VO2max 추정식의 개발과 새로운 20 m PSRT 프로토콜의 타당도 분석을 위하여 트레드밀을 이용한 최대점증부하검사(고정식)와 이동식 가스분석기를 착용하고 20 m PSRT(이동식)를 실시하였다. 신뢰도분석을 위하여 99명의 참여자들은 새로운 20 m PSRT를 1주일 간격으로 1회 반복(총 2회) 실시하였다. 이동식 가스분석기를 착용하고 측정한 20 m PSRT VO2max 실측 값(39.2±5.1 ml/kg/min)은 고정식 가스분석기를 이용하여 트레드밀을 이용하여 측정한 VO2max 실측 값(37.7±5.7 ml/kg/min, p=.001)보다 유의하게 높았으나 매우 좁은 범위에 해당하는 것이었다(1.5 ml/kg/min). 또한 이동식과 고정식 가스분석기(20 m PSRT vs. 트레드밀)에서 얻은 VO2max의 상관계수는 .88(p<.001)이었다. 20 m PSRT의 신뢰도 검사와 관련하여 왕복달리기 횟수(r=.88, p<.001) & 최종속도(r= .85)의 상관계수 역시 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. VO2max를 추정하기 위해 본 연구에서 얻은 자료를 바탕으로 개발된 새로운 추정식은 y = .231× 왕복횟수 - .311×체중 + 46.201 이다(r=.74, SEE=4.29 ml/kg/ml). 결론적으로 첫째, 새로운 20 m PSRT 프로토콜은 타당성과 신뢰도가 확보된 검사이며 둘째, 본 연구에서 개발된 20 m PSRT 추정 식은 한국 여중생(14-16세)에게 적합하고 타당성 있는 VO2max 추정 값을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. Park, Dong-Ho, Song, Jung-Ran, Lee, Sang-Hyun, Kim, Chang-Sun. The Development of Prediction Equation for Estimating VO2max from the 20 m PSRT in Korean Middle-School Girls. Exercise Science, 23(1): 1-11. 2014. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate regression models to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (V O2max) from the 20 m Progressive Shuttle Run Test (20 m PSRT) in Korean middle-school girls aged 13-15 years. The 20 m PSRT and VO2max were assessed in a sample of 194 participants. The sample was randomly split into validation (n=127) and test-retest reliability (n=99, 32 out of 127 participants also performed validity test) groups. 127 participants performed a graded exercise test (GXT, stationary gas analyser) and the 20 m PSRT (portable gas analyser) once to develop a VO2max prediction model and to analyze the validity of the modified 20 m PSRT protocol (starting at 7.5 km/h and increasing by 0.5 km/h every 1 min). 99 participants performed the 20 m PSRT twice for test-retest reliability purpose. Mean measured VO2max (39.2±5.1 ml/kg/min) from the potable gas analyzer was significantly increased from that measured during the GXT from stationary gas analyzer (37.7±5.7 ml/kg/min, p=.001) using the modified 20 m PSRT protocol. But it was a narrow range (1.5 ml/kg/min). The measured VO2max from the potable and stationary gas analyzers correlated at r=.88(p<.001). Test-retest of the 20 m PSRT yielded comparable results (Laps r=.88 & final speed r=.85). New regression equations were developed from present data to predict VO2max for middle-school girls: y=.231XLaps-.311Xweight(in kg)+46.201 (r=.74, SEE=4.29 ml/kg/min). It is concluded that (a) the modified 20 m PSRT protocol is a valid and reliable test and (b) this equation developed in this study provides valid estimates of VO2max of Korean middle-school girl aged 13-15 years.

우리나라 關稅制度에 관한 硏究 : with refer to Heavy & Chemical Imdustry Development

朴東浩 서경대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.4-5 No.-

1. In relation to the policy of industrial structure, the present tariff system raises some problems as to tariff exemption system, elastic tariff system, bonded system and tariff rate system. 2. Tariff exemption system concerns tariff exemptions, tariff exemption by agreement as well as tariff exemptions under customs law and other ordinances. Tariff exemption under customs law amounts to 11 items, and under other ordinances amounts to 4 items and that by agreement amounts to 5. And a sum total of the tariff exemption of the latter two occupies no more than 10 per cent of the sum total of the whole tariff exemptions. The present tariff exemption system raises such problems as (1) a diversity of tariff exemption system, (2) decrease in tariff revenues owing to an increase in the amount of tariff exemption, (3) uniform exemption system for key industry and the period of tariff exemption and (4) adjustment as to the fixed drawback rate. (1) In the light of a diversity of tariff exemption system, the effects of exemption can be unreasonably overlapped. Therefore, a single unified system is required. (2) The amount of tariff exemptions exceeds the collected amount of tariffs with its revenue tending relatively to decrease. Owing to the encouragement of import for tax-exempt items and the ever-widening gap between the nominal tariff rate and effective tariff rate, a special meausre is to be taken to reduce the number of tariff exemption items except for the heavy & chemical industry and daily necessities. By improving trade balance and protecting domestic industry and narrowing the gap between nominal tariff rate and effective rate, we must see that resources be reasonalby distributed. (3) Tariff exemption for key industry ranges widely in its scope. Except for petrochemical refineries and resident-firms in the export industry areas, at present 80 per cent tariff exemptions are equally applied to other industries without a consideration given to the priority of growth and the difference of basic of basic tariff rates. Since there is no time-limit to tariff exemption, it is advisable to reduce the scope of tariff exemption and to introduce installment-pay system of tariff. And the tariff rates must be adjusted differently according to the strategic importance of heavy chemical industry. The tariff rates must also be adjusted differently an consideration of each period and stage of the growth of industry. (4) Since the amount of drawback tariff rate exercises a considerable influence on the technological development of each industry, a serious consideration is required as to the exact amount of raw materials. 3. Elastic tariff system comprises anti-dumping, retaliatory tariff, emergency tariff, countervailing-tariff, benificial tariff, tariff quota system and limited mandatory tariff system. At present, 400-odd items are subject to elastic tariff rate. Elastic tariff system is required to cope with such problems as: (1) the scope of the system becomes gretaer and more fixed each year; (2) it is difficult to apply equable elastic rate to each different item; (3) a necessity arises regarding domestic elastic tariff and import-control policy. (1) Elastic tariff serves as a defensive measure rather·than offensive one in the international trade. As it is dynamically subject to the drastic changes of economic situations at home or abroad, the tariff rates are determined inside the framework of law. Therefore, it s proper that the rate should return to normal when the particular situations cease to exist. When a structural change of industry necessitates the application of elastic rate, the tariff rate must be reformed rather than revised to well cope with the situation. (2) In deciding any items to be subject to elastic tariff rate, the following factors are to be considered as a frame of reference such as domestic demand, domestic production qountity, domestic production cost and export price of major rival nations. Nevetheless, in order to secure objectivity on the application of elastic rate, the tariff standard must be decided by mathematical and scientific methods. (3) Occasional disharmony between the direct policy of import restrictions and indirect policy of tariff may produce in efficiency or a decrease in the effect of the policy. Coordination between the two policies are required. 4. Bonded system includes bonded area system and bonded transportion system. Bonded area system concerns designated bonded areas and licensed honded area. In the licensed bonded area are included bonded warehouse, bonded shed, bonded manufacturing warehouse, bonded exhibition ground and bonded construction ground. Bonded manufacturing warehouse, among others, occupies an important position in the light of industrial policy. Bonded manufacturing warehouse includes export bonded manufacturing warehouse, bonded manufacturing warehouse for domestic demand and licensed bonded manufacturing warehouse. Export free trade areas and export industrial areas can also claim their importance. At present, export honded manufacturing warehouse amounts to 330 in number, bonded manufacturing warehouse for domestic demand 28, and resident-firms in the export free trade areas and export industry areas amount to 491 in number. The present bonded system has the following problems to cope with: (1) There is no restirction placed on the conditions to establish bonded manufacturing warehouse; (2) Bonded manufacturing warehouse for domestic demand not only widens the gap between the nomincal tariff rates and effective tariff rates but also create an issue overlapping as to the management of elastic tariff and bonded manufacturing warehouse for domestic demand. (1) With a view to enhancing the processing industry alone, it deems unnecessary in principle to place any restriction on the establishment of bonded warehouse. But from the standpoint of industrial policy, it is necessary, as is the case with other countries including Japan, to restrict the establishment of what may exercise a damaging influences on domestic industry or aim to take advantage of a low tariff rates. (2) Bonded manufacturing warehouse for domestic demand system is convenient regarding assemly imports and customs clearance. But it is hardly conducive to industrial policy as a whole. Therefore, it is recommended that the policy be oriented toward abolishing the system. And then tariff rates for partial goods and finished goods are required to apply to homogeneouse industries. 5. Tariff rate system adopts both the tariff system and compound tariff system. As of June 1, 1975, there are 197 items subjects to GATT conventional tariff rates, 6 items subject to concession on tariff rates among developing countries and other items subject to autonomouse tariff rates. 11 items of those items are subject to provisional tariff, 443 items to elastic tariff and the rest to general rates Also in relation to the bais of tariff, there are 23 items subject to specific tariff, 7 items to alternative tariff and the rest to ad valorem tariff. Under the present tariff rate system, a majority of export-import goods are subject to ad valorem tariff. As a result, the present system tends to weaken the protective function of domestic industry by way of encouraging the importation ofinexpensive foreign commodities with a view to evadingtaxaion. Therefore, it is recommended that the scope of ad valorem tariff be expanded. 6. There are 17 steps in tariff rate system. Financial duties items (5∼20%) occupy 51, 1 percent; protective banned items (50∼80%) 2.8 per cent and the average tariff rates amount to 31, 5 per cent. According to the inter-industrial Relations Table of 1973, the relation between nominal tariff rates and effective tariff rates shows that pig iron amounts to 10 per cent vs. 2, 1 per cent; steel ore, 10∼20 per cent vs. 1, 4 per cent; alloy, 5 per cent vs. 6, 5 per per cent; iron plate, 35∼40 percent vs. 4, 9 per cent; steel bar, 25 per cent vs. 8, 3 per cent, mould steel, 25 per cent vs. 7, 6 per cent; the other iron-steel godds, 25∼35 per cent vs. 5, 2 per cent. Steel pipe, 20∼50 per cent vs. 17, 7 per cent. Plated steel materials, 40 per cent vs. 10,8 per cent; cast-steel, 40 per cent vs. 3, 5 per cent; cast-iron pipe, 40 per cent vs. 1, 4 per cent; wrought steel, 50 per cent vs. 25 percent. Thuse average tariff rate for iron-stell goods stands 27∼30 per cent against 7, 9 per cent, the difference being as much as 19,1∼23,9 per cent. In the case of shipping, the ratio stand 10∼25 per cent against 1 per cent, the differecne being 9∼24 per cent. In machinery, the ratio stand 11,5∼27,5 against 5,6, the difference being 26,3∼36,3 per cent. In electronics goods, the ratio stands 60∼70 per cent against 3,4 per cent, the difference being 56,6∼66,6 per cent. As is clearly shown in the figures above, we can see that from the standpoint of tariff rate structure (1) effective tariff is lower in heavy & chemical industry than in light industry; (2) tariff is imposed more heavily on the finished goods than on parts in the case of machinery; (3) unlike nominal tariff rate applicable to each production stage, effective taniff rate does not show the same tendency as above and (4) the difference between nominal tariff rate and effective tariff rate is much to big. First, from the standpoint of tariff protection, the difference between light industry and heavy & chemical industry will create added value ratio on the light industry, thus promting the preferential ldevelopment of light industry. Therefore it is recommended that effective teriff rate be lowered in ight industry and raised in heavy & chemical industry. Second, advantag given to finished goods over parts may result in encouraging the mere production of intermediate goods. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate each industry for this purpose. Third, through narrowing the gap between nominal tariff rate and effective tariff rate and through systemtizing the effective tariff rate at production stages, we can expect a structural change in industry.

팀·개인 창의정체성이 개인효과성에 미치는 영향에 관한 다수준 분석 : 팀·개인창의성의 매개효과를 중심으로

박동호,윤필현 한국인사관리학회 2013 한국인사관리학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

농촌근대화의 당면과제 - 농촌개발과 지역사회개발

박동호 대한지방행정공제회 1965 地方行政 Vol.14 No.137

N/A N/A

불어 시지각동사의 사전 기술

박동호 서울大學校 人文學硏究所 1990 人文論叢 Vol.24 No.-

Les dictionnaires contemporains tendent a enregistrer toutes les informations grannaticales autant que possible en adoptant les resultats recents des recherches linguistiques et en se basant sur les theories des dictionnaires et des lexicographies. De ce point de vue, les dictionnaires francais monolingues actuellement en usage presentent certains porblems: d'une part, un manque de coherence theorique dans la redaction des articles de chaque entree et dans l'organisation de l'ensemble, et d'autre part, une moindre attention donnee aux descriptions syntaxiques par rapport aux descriptions semantiques dans ces dictionnaires francais Mais les informations sysntaxiques et semantiques pour une entree ou un lexique sont si etroitement liees que l'absence ou l'insuffisance d'une des deux composantes entraine inevitablement des lacunes dans la description, surtout, pour les verbes. Generalement, les verbes de perception visuelle ont certains types de complement du verbe. a.NоVN₁V¹-inf b.NоVN₁quiPind c.NоVN₁ en train de V₁-inf d.NоVN₁V¹-and e.NоVquePind Par exemple, le type b., syntaxiqwuement, occupe une position a part par rapport aux autres relatives et est semantiquement tres proche des autres types. Ce type a plusieurs proprietes syntaxiques tour\t a fait differentes des autres relatives. Il peut avoir comme antecedent un pronom personnel atone, ce qui est absolument exclu pour les autres relatives et il semble que dans ce type le relatif doive toujours etre au nominatif. En outre, il doit etre dans un rapport de simultaneite avec ses principales et il est soumis a certaines restrictions relatives aux emplois de la negation et des verbes modaux, restrictions qui ne sont pas valables pour les relatives. On peut caracteriser ces restrictions en disant que ce type exige comme contenu des etats ou des processus directement perceptibles. Comme, en general, ce type apparait dans des phrases ayant jpour predicat un verbe de perception visuelle et qu'il exige comme contenu des etats ou des processus directement perceptibles, cette construction peut etre une importante propriete syntaxico-semantique de la classe des verbes de perception visuelle permettant d'affiner la classification de ces verbes, laquelle reste trop amibigue losqu'elle n'est faite que par le critere semantique. Se pose donc la question de decrire la relation entre les informations syntaxiques et les informations semantiques et d'organiser celles-ci systematiquement dans les dictionnaires. Dans cette perspective, nous ferons une DESCRIPTION LEXICOGRAPHIQUE DES VERBES DE PERCEPTION VISUELLE EN FRACAIS. Apres avoir examine la description des verbes de perception visuelle dans des dictionnaires du francais couramment utilises, nous en proposerons une autre methode. Celle-ci mettra l'accent sur les informations syntaxiques. Nous nous refererons au Lexique-Grammaire elabore par le Professeur Maurice Gross et son equipe de recherches au LADL. Cette methode s'appuiera sur - une etude approfondie pour decrire la relation entre les infromations syntaxiques et les infromations semantiques - la representation systematique des informations syntaxiques dans les articles de dictionnaire. - l'application de cette descriiption aux autres verbes qui, du point de vue vue traditionnel, ne sont pas consideres conne verbes de perception visuelle - l'application de cette nethode a la description des verbes de perception visuelle en coreen

유연한 사고로 대상을 바라볼 때

박동호 한국지역사회연구소 2002 지역사회 Vol.41 No.-

종결 상을 나타내는 불어 술어 부류에 대한 연구

박동호 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2001 프랑스어문교육 Vol.12 No.-

Dans ce travail, nous avons d'abord montre´ et analyse´ les proprie´te´s syntaxico-se´mantiques qui caracte´risent les pre´dicats du fianc¸ais de´notant l'aspect d'ache`vement et nous avons ensuite e´tabli une liste partielle de ces pre´dicats en nous appuyant sur ces proprie´te´s. Pour de´gager les particularite´s de ces pre´dicats, nous avons compare´ leur comportement a` celui des autres verbes de´notant respectivement les aspects d'activite´, d'accomplissement et d'e´tat. Ces diffe´rences peuvent se re´sumer comme suit: - Les pre´dicats de´notant l'aspect d'ache´vement ne s'emploient pas avec 'e^tre en train de' - Ils ne s'emploient ni avec 'pendant + une expression de dure´e', ni avec 'en + une expression de dure´e'. - Ils ne s'emploient pas avec 'a` partir de quand', mais avec 'a` quelle heure'. - Ils ne s'emploient pas comme comple´ments de verbes aspectuels tels que 'commencer'. Dans ce travail, nous avons constate´ que l'information syntaxico-se´mantique, construite a` partir des e´tudes sur la typologie d'aspects, est ne´cessaire a` la construction du lexique et nous pensons qu'elle constitute une des informations essentielles du lexique du dictionnaire. Gra^ce a` cette information, nous pouvons traiter avec plus de pre´cision les restrictions de se´lection se´mantique entre les pre´dicats.

세계경제블록화의 현황과 우리의 대응방향

박동호 부산수산대학교 1992 (最高經營管理者課程)論文集 Vol.1992 No.8

포자사이트 형태의 분자체 내에 포함된 메틸렌 블루에 대한 광음향 분광학적 연구

박동호,이기웅 인제대학교 1994 仁濟論叢 Vol.10 No.2

광원부분, 광음향셀, 그리고 검출부분으로 구성된 광음향 분광기(PAS)를 자체 제작하였다. 포자사이트 형태의 분자체 내에 포함된 메틸렌 블루(MB+)를 연구하기 위해 광음향 분광기를 이용하였다. 양이온 염료인 메틸렌 블루를 수용액 상에서 이온교환시켜서 분자체의 세공 내에 흡착시켰다. NaY 제올라이트에 흡착된 메틸렌 블루의 단량체(∼670nm), 이합체(∼620nm) 그리고 양성자화된 단량체(∼760nm)의 존재를 광음향 스펙트럼으로 확인하였다. 합성된 SAPO-37내에서는 MBH2+가 존재하지 않았으며 NaY보다 이합체의 비율이 많이 감소하였다. 세공 내 흡착된 메틸렌 블루의 단량체-이합체 평형상태에 대한 물 분자의 영향을 조사하였다. 수용액상에서 메틸렌 블루의 단량체-이합체 평형상수는 약 4×104 정도이다. 그러나 NaY 세공 내에서의 평형상수는 10이하의 값을 나타내며 SAPO-37은 1정도였다. 탈수시킨 NaY에서는 이합체의 비가 급격히 줄어들었으며 760nm부근의 MBH2+와 단량체의 비가 증가하였다. 이합체 감소 비율은 단량체와 MBH2+의 증가 비율의 합과 같았다. SAPO-37의 경우에는 표면의 친수성 때문에 탈수 시에도 이합체-단량체 비율이 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. Photoacoustic spectrometer consisting of light source part, photoacoustic cell part, and detecting part was constructed. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technique was applied to carry out the study on the inclusion of methylene blue (MB+) in faujasite structure molecular sieves. The PA spectra of MB+ adsorbed in NaY zeolite by ion-exchange show the presence of the monomer (ca. 670nm), the dimer(ca. 620nm), and the protonated monomer(ca. 760nm) . Though MB has the inherent tendency to dimerize in aqueous media, dimer/monomer area ratio was less than 10 because the supercage of hydrated Y zeolite is narrowly capable of just inclusion of the dimer. The dehydration process within NaY zeolite leads to the water dissociation. While the shielding proton in hydrated sample could not contribute to the protonation of MB+, the unshielded one in dehydrated sample reacted easily with MB+ to form the MBH2+. In case of SAPO-37, dimer/monomer ratio was about 1 and did not change during dehydration due to somewhat smaller pore than NaY and hydrophillicity of surface.

植物凝集素 Trichosanthes kirilowii Max.및 개 赤血球에 依한 사람 血淸型에 關한 硏究

朴東鎬,文國鎭 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Plant extracts as phytagglutinins stimulated research in basic and applied science. In basic science, they are especially investigated in the study of the role of carbohydrate moiety in biological macromolecules; in that, they are usually glycoproteins In applied science. especially in medicolegal part, blood group specific plant extracts were used to classify human blood types. Recently, for the new classification of human sera, panphytagglutinins have been used to classify human sera by inhibition properties of human sera to aggiutination reaction of panphytagglutinin with human or animal red blood cells. Trichosnthes kirilouii Max. extract acts as panphytagglutinin to dog red blood cells. So for tile new classification of human serum type, The author investigated 916 cases of fresh human sera, 100 cases of each human serum stains and whole blood stains, and compared them with other blood groups statistically. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Human sera could be classified into two groups. One group inhibited the agglutination reaction of T. kirilouii Max. extract to dog red blood cells, the other did not. 2. Among the investigated 916 cases of fresh human sera, the frequency of the former was 15% and the latter was 85%. 3. The human serum type classified by the agglutination inhibition of T. kirilouii extract to dog red blood cells by human sera showed no relatlon with ABO, H, Cl, ab.C, CCI, ab.P, PVI end Hp blood and serum types, respectly 4. This new classification of serum type may be available for the classification of blood stains.