Pollen metabarcoding reveals the floral resources and niche overlap of honeybees in forest areas

Do Yuno,Park Woong‐Bae,Park Jun‐Kyu,Kim Chang‐Jun,Kim Il‐Kwon,Choi Moon Bo 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.12

We investigated the floral resources of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)bypollenDNA metabarcoding as the first step in honeybee conservation. We attempted to identify as many floral resources and as wide resource availability as possible in areas and compared the richness of floral resources between forests and national parks. We found that both forest and national parks can sufficiently support honeybee floral resources; however, national parks were more stable habitats with more complex vegetation structure than those of forests. Also, honeybee’s preferences for floral resources were determined using niche breadth, niche overlap, and network analysis among the floral resources in forest areas. Quercus and Actinidia were the most frequently detected taxa of pollen resources in both forests and national parks by pollen metabarcoding. Even though we anticipated that more various pollen resource taxa would be found in national parks than forests, no differences in the number pollen resource taxa were detected between them. According to the niche overlap analysis result, the honeybee preferred the pollen resources in both forests and national parks, and the co-occurrence pattern analysis of pollen resource taxa in both forests and national parks showed a simple network. Altogether, our findings suggested that DNA metabarcoding of pollen collected by the honeybee can provide useful information on the flowering plants in a given area. As the use of floral pollen resources varies spatially and temporally, periodic monitoring of pollen resources can identify which pollen is required to maintain the health of honeybee colonies.

Effect of Impact Velocity on Interface Characteristics of HT‑9 Steel Joints Fabricated by Magnetic Pulse Welding

Jun‑Woo Song,Jin‑Ju Park,Gyoung‑Ja Lee,Min‑Ku Lee,Kyu‑Hyun Park,Soon‑Jik Hong,Jung Gu Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.3

The weldability window in magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is proposed for the end-closure joining of HT-9 steel tubularworkpieces. Based on both theoretical and experimental investigations, the impact velocity of the flyer tube at the momentof collision had a dominant effect on the bonding characteristics of the resultant joints and the optimal impact velocity wasestimated to be in the range of 265–290 m/s in this alloy system. Under the optimal process conditions, no leak was detectedduring helium leak testing. Moreover, the integrity of the joint interface was preserved until the tube section ruptured duringinternal pressure burst testing. For HT-9 steel, the ductile δ-ferrite phase produced by the localized interfacial melting duringMPW acted as an effective obstacle to crack propagation, thereby enhancing the fracture resistance of the joint interface. Allof the results demonstrated the high integrity and durability of the HT-9 steel tube assembly fabricated by the MPW process.

Post mortem insect colonization and body weight loss in rabbit carcasses

Park Jun‐Kyu,Kim Chang‐Jun,Do Yuno 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.12

This study considers the impact of various treatments of rabbit carcasses on post mortem insect colonization and weight loss. A statistically accurate time for the change in carcass weight and insect access time was determined using time series analysis depending on different carcass treatments that determined insect access. The decomposition stage was relatively short. Fifteen freshly killed white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) weighing between 2.5 kg and 4.5 kg were used as animal models in this study. Three carcasses were treated in each of five ways: normal, burnt, wrapped, hung, and immersed. A total of thirteen insect species were attracted to normal, burnt, and hung carcasses. Insects were not collected from sealed and immersed carcasses. The normal and burnt carcasses had a higher number of species and abundance compared to hung carcasses. The present study found no difference in insect colonization in normal and burnt carcasses. The determination of the weight of remaining carcass was clearly divided into the insect‐accessible (i.e., normal, burnt, and hung carcasses) and insect‐inaccessible carcasses (i.e., sealed and immersed carcasses), although no difference was found in the decrease in the rate of the remaining carcass in insect‐inaccessible carcasses.

The effect of neuropeptides on secretion of Interleukin-8(IL-8)

Kim, Kyung-Jun,Park, Sang-Hyuk,Choi, Kyoung-Kyu,Park, Sang-Jin 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 치수조직, 치은, 치주인대로부터 배양된 조직을 SP (Substance P)로 4시간, SP, CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)로 8시간 자극 후 RNase Protection Assay를 시행하고, IL-8의 분비량을 측정해 다음 결과를 얻었다. 1. IL-8 mRNA는 모든세포에서 발현됐다. 2. IL-8 mRNA 발현은 SP (10^(-5)M)와 SP (10^(-8)M)로 4시간 자극 시 증가되지 않았다. 3. IL-8 mRNA 발현은 SP (10^(-4)M)와 CGRP (10^(-6)M)로 8시간 자극 시 증가되지 않았다. 4. TNF-α (2 ng/㎖) 자극 시, IL-8 mRNA 발현이 증가됐다. 5. 치은 세포를 CGRP (10^(-6)M)로 8시간 자극 시, IL-8 분비량이 증가했다 (p < 0.05). 6. 치주인대 세포를 SP (10^(-4)M)로 8시간 자극 시 IL-8 분비량이 증가했다 (p < 0.05). We investigated the secretion of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) from ginviva and periodontal ligament stimulated with Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP). Gingiva (GF), periodontal ligament (PDLF) and pulp (PF) tissues were collected from extracted instact 3rd molars. Cultured cells were stimulated with different concentrations of SP for 4 hrs, and stimulated with SP, CGRP and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) for 8 hrs. Then RNase Protection Assay was carried out. ELISA was performed using supernatants of stimulated cells for quantitative analysis of IL-8. Results were assessed using supernatants of stimulated cells for quantitative analysis of IL-8. Results were assessed using student t-test with significance of P < 0.05. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. IL-8 mRNA was detected in all type of cells studied (PF, GF and PDLF). 2. IL-8 mRNA expression was not increased after stimulating 4 hrs with SP (10^(-5)M) and SP (10^(-8)M) compared with Mock stimulation in all type of cells studied. 3. IL-8 mRNA expression was not increased after stimulating 8 hrs with SP (10^(-4)M) and CGRP (10^(-6)M) compared with Mock stimulation in all type of cells studied. 4. TNF-α (2 ng/㎖) increased the expression of IL-8 mRNA in all kind of cells studied. 5. The secretion of IL-8 from GF was increased 8 hrs after the stimulation with CGRP (10^(-6)M) (p < 0.05). 6. The secretion of IL-8 from PDLF was increased 8 hrs after the stimulation with SP (10^(-4)M) (p < 0.05). Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) increased Interleukin-8 (IL-8) which plays an important role in chemotaxis of neutrophil in Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) gingival tissue, whereas Substance P increased the secretion of IL-8 from periodontal ligament.

S-344 : The Role of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Development of Metabolic Syndrome

( Byung Sam Park ),( Jun Sung Moon ),( Ji Sung Yoon ),( Kyu Chang Won ),( Hyoung Woo Lee ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Introduction: It has been well known that abdominal adiposity is related with insulin resistance and greater risk of metabolic disorder. Skeletal muscle plays central role in insulin mediated glucose disposal of whole body, but we only know a little about the association between skeletal muscle mass and MetS (MetS). The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical role of skeletal muscle mass in developing MetS through using skeletal muscle parameters by body impedance analysis (BIA). Methods: 1,042 healthy adults aged from 20 to 75 years who visited Yeungnam university health promotion center from Jun. 2008 to Jun. 2010 were enrolled. 204 subjects who had prior MetS or chronic disease that can affect to skeletal muscle mass were excluded. After 24 months from baseline, the metabolic parameters were assessed and the development of MetS was diagnosed using modified NCEP-ATP III criteria. From the BIA (Inbody 720), we obtained skeletal muscle mass (SMM, Kg), body fat mass (BFM, Kg), and visceral fat area (VFA, cm2). Then, we had defined as follows; percent of skeletal muscle mass (SMM%, %): SMM (kg)/weight (Kg), skeletal muscle index (SMI, Kg/m2): SMM (Kg)/height (m)2, skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR): SMM (kg)/BFM (Kg) and skeletal muscle to visceral fat ratio (SVR, Kg/cm2): SMM (Kg)/VFA (cm2) Results: Mean follow up periods were 28.7±5.4 months. Among total 838 subjects (46.9±9.9 years, M:F=477:361), 88 (10.5%) were newly diagnosed MetS. 5th quintile of the SMM%, MFR and SVR was associated with decreased risk of development of MetS after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Decreased skeletal muscle mass may play critical role in development of the MetS and not absolute amount of skeletal muscle mass but relative ratio to body composition may be more important.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

여름철 계룡산국립공원 탐방로의 열쾌적성 및 어메니티 관리 연구

안시옥(Siok An),송도윤(Doyun Song),정다워(Dawou Joung),박범진(Bum-Jin Park),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),박준효(Jun-Hyo Park) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 산악환경의 기상 특징과 계룡산국립공원 탐방로의 열쾌적성을 파악하고 열쾌적성이 높은 활동 시간 정보, 활동 공간 정보, 활동량 정보를 제공하기 위해 시행되었다. 탐방로의 열쾌적성 분석을 위해 여름철 도심 기온, 국립공원 방재기상관측장비(AWS, Automatic Weather System), 탐방로인 숲길의 평균 기온을 비교하였다. 또한, 계룡산 국립공원의 주요 탐방로 4개 구간의 미기후 요소와 수관울폐도 측정을 위해 총 240개 지점을 조사 후 열쾌적성을 파악 하였다. 도심과 국립공원AWS, 탐방로의 평균 기온을 비교하였을 때, 도심, 갑사AWS, 동학사AWS, 갑사 탐방로, 동학사 탐방로 순으로 평균 기온이 높게 나타났다. 이 결과, 탐방객이 직접 체감하는 탐방로의 열쾌적성을 고려해야 함을 의미한다. 주요 탐방로 4개 구간 조사 결과, 평균 수관울폐도는 동학사~남매탑 구간, 동학사~관음봉 구간, 갑사~연천봉 구간, 갑사~금잔디고개 구간 순으로 높았다. PMV(예상평균온열감)는 활동량이 2.8MET 일 때, 갑사~금잔디고개 구간, 갑사~연천봉 구간, 동학사~남매탑, 동학사~관음봉구간 순으로 높았다. 조사를 통하여, 열쾌적성이 높은 시간 정보, 공간 정보, 활동량 정보를 제시할 수 있었다. 탐방로의 열쾌적성 특성을 파악하여, 탐방로의 어메니티를 높일 수 있는 숲길 관리 방안의 기초를 마련하고자 한다. This study was conducted to understand the weather characteristics of the mountain environment and the thermal comfort of Gyeryongsan National Park trail and to provide information on activity time, activity space, and activity amount. For the analysis of the thermal comfort of the trail, the temperature of the city center in summer, the average temperature of the National Park Disaster Prevention Weather System (AWS), and the trail. Also, Microclimate elements and canopy closure were also measured in four major trails in Gyeryongsan National Park. After investigating a total of 240 points, thermal comfort was identified. When comparing the average temperature of the city center, National Park AWS, and trail, the average temperature was higher in the order of the city center, Gabsa AWS, Donghaksa AWS, Gabsa Trail, and Donghaksa Trail. As a result, it means that the thermal pleasure experienced by visitors should be considered. According to a survey of four major trails, the average canopy closure is Donghaksa~nammaetop route was high in the order of Donghaksa~Gwaneumbong route, Gabsa~Yeoncheonbong route and Gabsa~Geumjandigogae route. When PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) is 2.8MET, The PMV was highter in the order of Gabsa~Geumjandigogae route, Gabsa~ Yeoncheonbong route, Donghaksa~nammaetop route, Donghaksa~Gwaneumbong route. Through the survey, time information, spatial information, and activity information with high thermal comfort could be presented. By grasping the thermal comfort characteristics of the trail, we intend to lay the foundation for forest trail management measures that can increase the amenity of the trail.

인터넷뱅킹 서비스품질의 구성요인에 관한 탐색적 고찰

박준철,이웅규 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2002 경제경영연구 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 인터넷뱅킹 금융상품과 서비스의 품질 요인을 구성하고 있는 주요 속성을 살펴보기 위해 문헌연구를 통해 인터넷 뱅킹 서비스품질 속성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 문헌연구를 통해 인터넷뱅킹 서비스품질에 대한 속성을 살펴본 결과 고객 서비스품질, 온라인 시스템품질, 은행서비스 금융상품품질 등의 세 개의 분류를 통해 인터넷뱅킹 서비스품질의 주요 구성 요인이 모두 19개의 차원으로 구성되어져 있음을 제시하였다. 즉, 고개 서비스품질 차원은 ① 신뢰성 ② 응답성 ③ 능력 ④ 예절 ⑤ 신뢰 ⑥ 접근가능성 ⑦ 커뮤니케이션 ⑧ 고객에 대한 이해 ⑨ 협조 ⑩ 지속적 개선차원으로, 온라인 시스템품질 차원은 ① 컨텐츠 ② 정확성 ③ 사용용이성 ④ 적시성 ⑤ 심미성 ⑥안전성 ⑦ 편의성 ⑧ 비용절감차원으로, 은행 서비스 금융상품품질 차원은 상품 다양성과 상품 특성의 차원으로 구분하였다.

민간경비업체의 인터넷마케팅 활용방안에 관한 연구

박준석,박규태 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

Korean private security company's marketing by utilizing the Internet is still at the initial stage. It requires chief executive officer(CEO)'s consciousness structure and market environment. This study is aimed at presenting the plan for a private security company recognizing Internet marketing as a new change and utilizing it efficiently in on-line market through systematic and organizational management. The strategies for a private security company utilizing Internet marketing for this are presented as follows. First, a private security company should utilize its website in a strategic way. It should establish a new concept of marketing by which to command 4p's strategy as a marketing strategy. Secondly, a private security company should support its existing customers. It should continue to manage and operate its secured customers through its website in a saturated market. Thirdly, a private security company should cultivate organized professional manpower. The management should change their recognition, establish the department in charge of it, and cultivate professional manpower. Fourthly, a private security company should construct the database on its customers. It should be able to make database and utilize the information on its members and customers visiting its website.

콤포머의 NaOH 용액 내에서의 화학적 분해

박미란,양규호,최남기,이영준,김선미 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

이상적인 수복재료는 치아의 저작기능과 심미성을 회복할 수 있어야 하며 동시에 생체 적합성과 구강 내 환경변화에 대한 내구성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 그러나 수복물이 장기간 구강 내 환경에 노출되면 수복물 표면의 마모와 변색 및 수복물 자체의 파괴가 발생될 수 있다. 콤포머도 복합 레진처럼 낮은 마모 저항성을 주요한 단점으로 지적할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 유치 수복에 많이 사용되고 있는 Dyract (Dentsply, USA), Elan(Kerr, USA), F-2000(3M, USA)의 3종의 콤포머(polyacid modified resin composites)를 알칼리성 용액(0.1N NaOH)에 보관하였을 때 각 제품의 무게손실, 분해층 깊이 및 시편내에서 용출된 Si, Al과 Ba의 농도를 평가하여 제품간의 분해저항성을 평가하고 비교를 하고자 하였다. 각 제품 당 6개의 시편을 제작하여 무게 측정을 한 후, 0.1N NaOH용액, 3㎖에 저장하여 60℃에서 보관하였다. 2주후 제거하여 1.23% HCI로 2시간동안 중화하고 증류수로 세척한 60℃에서 건조하였다. 분해저항성은 무게손실, 분해층 깊이 및 시편내의 Si, Al과 Ba의 농도 변화를 근거로 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각 제품의 무게 손실량은 1.43%~2.14%까지 다양하였으며 제품 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 각 제품의 표면하 분해층 깊이는 182.92㎛~227.70㎛였으며 제품 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. 각 제품으로부터 용출된 Si, Al양은 각 제품마다 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), Si는 Dyract에서 Al은 F-2000에서 가장 많은 양이 방출되었다. 용출된 Ba양은 각 제품마다 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 무게 손실량과 표면하 분해층 깊이 사이의 상관 관계에서 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.64, p<0.05). 5. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 0.1N NaOH용액에 보관한 후 콤포머기질과 필러사이의 결합의 파괴를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 기질이 소실되어 필러입자가 두드러진 양상을 보였다. 또한 필러입자의 표면은 분해에 의해 탈회된 모습을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 현재 유치 수복에 사용되고 있는 3종의 콤포머는 분해저항성에 있어 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation of three commercial compomers in an alkaline solution. Dyract(Dentsply). Elan(Kerr) and F-2000(3M) polyacid modified resin composites(compomers) were used in this study. The resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of mass loss(%), degradation depth(μm) and Si, Al, Ba loss(ppm). The results were as follows : 1. The mass loss of each brand was 1.42%-2.14% and there was no statistically significant difference of mass loss among Dyract, F2000 and Elan. 2. The degradation layer depth of each brand was 182.92-227.7μm and there was no statistically significant difference of degradation layer depth among Dyract, F2000 and Elan. 3. There was statistically significant differences in Si-loss and Al-loss among three compomers (p〈0.05). Si loss was the highest value in Dyract and Al loss was the highest value in F2000. 4. There was statistically significant correlation between mass loss and degradation layer depth (r=0.60, p〈0.05). 5. In SEM finding, there was some destruction of compomer matrix-filler interface in post-exposure specimen to NaOH solution. As the matrix decreased, the filler particles distinguished and the periphery of the filler particles appeared whitish color due to degradation.