고려 후기 얼자(孽子)의 지위 향상과 그 역사적 배경

이종서(Lee, Jong-seo) 한국역사연구회 2015 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.97

Examined in this article are the Seo’eol figures of the Goryeo period, who were also the former version of the Joseon Seo’eol figures. They were called as a whole as ‘Seo/Eol’ in Joseon, but in Goryeo there was a strict distinction between ‘Seo(庶)’ and ‘Eol(孼).’ In the early half of the Goryeo period, the latter(“Eolja” figures) were not allowed to be appointed to governmental positions, and the former(“Seoja” figures) were in some cases restricted from applying for the dynastic competitive examination and was not allowed to rise above certain level of posts inside the government. But coming into the second half of the Goryeo period, not only cases of Seoja figures but also those of Eolja figures, in which they were able to apply for the dynastic exam and rise to the highest level of posts inside the government, started to emerge. We can see such changes inside the royal family as well, as the Eolja sons of the king, who were formerly without any right to claim succession to the throne and were forced to become Buddhist priests, were now entitled to become governmental officials or receive honorary entitlements. We can see that from the case of King Gongmin-wang’s Eolja son Wang Wu, who was enthroned in 1374 as Gongmin-wang’s successor. Elevation in the Eolja figures’ status in the second half of the Goryeo period was enabled in the wake of the Yuan imperial government’s strong and steady influences and interventions into Goryeo internal affairs. At first, the Eolja figures mounted individual attempts and efforts to use the situation to their advantage. And when they grew sufficiently accustomed to the Yuan imperial order, their acknowledgement of the Yuan order, its law codes which were not without Chinese elements, and the Chinese nature of such behavioral protocols, all enabled them to accept the notion that Eolja figures deserve new chances and especially avenues of career advancement which were not available for them before. The Yuan law code which dictated and defined the status and rights of the ‘Seo(庶)’ figures literally granted the Seo and Eol figures in Goryeo the right to claim fiscal properties and career opportunities. The Goryeo leadership, including all the Confucian intellectuals, positively responded to the situation and recognized the Eolja figures’ political and social rights. Their status elevation did not involve anything abnormal or illegal, and even after Yuan lost its influences, they maintained such elevated status, which explain how the social status of the Seo/Eol figures in the early half of the Joseon period came to be established.

심혈관계 질환으로 관상질환 집중치료실에 입원한 환자들의 혜후 측정을 위한 APACHEⅢ점수 체계의 임상적 유용성

이공섭,이창선,최현주,홍종서,강지향,김도형,이민영,오인균,김병엽,김상억,김학찬,한승혜,이재용,지영우,안경주 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

Production and Characterization of a Thermo-alkalotolerant Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from Thermo-alkalophilic Bacillus cereus B-13

Seo, Seung-Bo,Kim, Jae-Ho,Lee, Dae-Hyoung,Lee, Jong-Soo 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.1

내열성의 cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase)를 이용하여 열에 안정한 싸이클린 텍스트린 (CD)을 생산하기 위하여 매우 높은 CGTase 활성을 보이는 고열성이며 호알카리성인 B-13 세균을 분리하여 형태적, 생리학적 특성과 16S 리보솜 RNA 서열분석 등을 통하여 Bacillus cereus B-13으로 동정하였다. Bacillus cereus B-13을 2% 가용성 전분, 1% 효모 추출물, 1% Na_(2)CO_(3) 등을 함유하는 SYC 배지 (pH 8.5)에 접종하여 50℃에서 24시간 배양하였을 때 최고의 CGTase 활성(130 U/ml)을 보였다. 또한 부분 정제된 CGTase의 작용 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 65℃, pH 8.5-9.0 이었고 80℃이하와 pH 5.0-10.0에서 안정하였다. 1% 가용성 전분을 부분 정제한 CGTase와 작용 시켰을 때 49%의 CD 수율을 보였다. To produce a thermostable cyclodextrin by using thermotolerant cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase), a thermophilic and alkalophilic bacterium isolate, designated B-13 showing the highest CGTase activity was isolated from natural sources and identified as Bacillus cereus B-13 based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16S rRNA sequence. The maximal CGTase activity (130 U/ml) was obtained when Bacillus cereus B-13 was cultured in SYC medium containing 2.0% soluble starch, 1.0% yeast extracts, 1% corn steep liquor and 1% Na_(2)CO_(3) (pH 8.5) at 50℃ for 24 h and about 80% of maximal activity was also showed in the culture broth of 60℃ for 18 h . Optimum reaction temperature and pH of the partial purified CGTase for soluble starch were 65℃ and pH 8.5-9.0, respectively. The partial purified CGTase were also stable below 80℃ and pH 5.0-10.0. When 1% soluble starch was digested with the partial purified CGTase, the yield of cyclodextrin was 49%.

Bortezomib과 Dexamthasone으로 치료한 골수외 형질세포종 4예

백종현,이은영,장리라,손창배,신은경,서정아,이지숙,이호섭,이상민,신성훈,김양수 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Despite the use of aggressive local and systemic treatment including autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, extramedullary recurrences are common and the prognosis of these patients is poor. Many novel drugs such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib improve the response of treatment of multiple myeloma, but some reports failed to describe thalidomide has effect in extramedullary plasmacytoma. Recent data report on the successful treatment plasmacytomas with bortezomib in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. We treated 4 relapsed or refractory extramedullary plasmacytomas with bortezomib at our institution. We recognized all these extramedullary plasmacytomas decreased and showed more than partial response. This report lends support to the efficacy of bortezomib in the treatment of plasmacytoma and describes the safe use of bortezomib. Responses may, however, be of short duration. Therefore, despite our limited experience, we propose that bortezomib may be considered a therapeutic option for such patients who have risk of radiation therapy

제대군인 취업지원 프로그램 구안

정철영,서우석,김성호,이예성,최동선,이종범,이성식,이건남,양안나,김성남 한국직업능력개발원 2007 직업능력개발연구 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 중·장기복무를 마치고 제대하여 재취업하고자 하는 제대군인들의 원활한 전직을 돕기 위한 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발방향과 개발안을 제시하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국내·외에서 이루어지고 있는 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 실태를 분석하였고, 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램에 대한제대예정군인 및 제대군인과 기업체의 요구를 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 그리고 이를 기초로 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 기본방향과 전체 흐름도, 세부 프로그램 개발안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서 활용된 연구의 방법은 문헌연구, 조사연구, 전문가협의회 등이다. 이 연구를 통해서 제시된 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발방향과 개발안을 토대로, 일관되고 지속적인 수요자 중심의 제대군인 취업지원 프로그램의 개발이 가능할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to suggest plans and directions for developing. job-seeking support program for military veterans. The study is conducted through literature review, survey and interview. The results of this study are as follows: ⒧ basic development directions and flowchart of job-seeking support program for military veterans are suggested; and ⑵ development plans for sub-programs are suggested.

신경회로망을 이용한 터빈로타 디스크 키웨이의 결함 검출

이병우,이종오,윤운하,이병우,서원찬,이종규 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

최근 터빈 로타 디스크 키웨이에서 많은 응력부식균열이 발견되었으며, 터빈설비의 중대한 파손을 예방하기 위해 이러한 균열은 조기에 검출 및 평가되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 초음파탐상의 RF(radio frequency) 신호를 역전파 알고리즘에 근거한 신경회로망에 적용하여 키웨이 주변의 균열에 대한 위치, 크기 및 방향성을 평가하였다. 각 반사영역에서 수신된 여러개의 피크로 나타나는 RF 신호를 각 반사영역에 대해 하나의 최대 피크를 가지도록 처리한 후, 트랜스듀서의 위치 정보와 각 반사파의 도달시간이 들어있는 주사 데이터를 작성하였다. 이 주사 데이터로부터 각 반사영역 사이의 시간차이와 트랜스듀서의 위치 정보를 신경회로망에 적용한 결과 키웨이에서 시작된 균열의 위치, 크기 및 방향성을 평가하는데 유용함을 알 수 있었다. A number of stress corrosion cracks in turbine rotor disk keyway in power plants have been found and the necessity has been raised to detect and evaluate the cracks prior to the catastrophic failure of turbine disk. By ultrasonic RF signal analysis and using a neural network based on back-propagation algorithm, we tried to evaluate the location, size and orientation of cracks around keyway. Because RF signals received from each reflector have a number of peaks, they were processed to have a single peak for each reflector. Using the processed RF signals, scan data that contain the information on the position of transducer and the arrival time of reflected waves from each reflector were obtained. The time difference between each reflector and the position of transducer extracted from the scan data were then applied to the back-propagation neural network. As a result, the neural network was found useful to evaluate the location, size and orientation of cracks initiated from keyway.

고체전해질형 CO₂가스 감지 소자의 제작 및 그 동작 특성

서무교,송갑득,곽종식,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

The raw material of solid electrolyte type CO_(2) sensor was synthesized using tetraethoxysilane, lithium methoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, and tributyle phosphate as precursors, this process was carried out at 60℃ in N_(2) ambience. The prepared material was dried and crushed into powder, and it was pressed into disk type samples. These samples were sintered at 9000 -1100℃ for 50 hours. The physical characteristics of the samples were investigated by TG/DTA, SEM and XRD. The solid electrolyte type CO_(2) sensor was fabricated and its operational characteristics were measured. The sensing characteristics of the sensor shows about 86 mV/decade for the variation of CO_(2) concentration.

SVD를 이용한 Freesize-Logo 영상 워터마킹

이종원,정훈,서양기 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

As the time when the digitalized media bring copyright protection problem. Digital watermarking technique is one approach for protecting the intellectual property rights of digital contents. The previous watermarks used an binary image or binary data such a s a very small fraction of the host image data. This paper propose the method that the embed invisibly Gray-level watermark of free size if less than original image size and is able to maintain robustness by using SVD(Singu1ar value decomposition). As the result, our algorithm proposed in this paper could prove the right of ownership and maintain a robustness against general image processing and the attacks such as Low-pass filtering and the lossy JPEG compression.

콘트리트내 보강용 강철의 부식 거동에 관한 연구

서보민,이종권 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2000 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.1

Corrosion of reinforced steel in concrete structrure is affected by chloride content in the concrete. It is impossible to predict the corrosion failure until it occurs. In that sense, it is necessary to develop corrosion monitoring technique before the structure is destructed. The corrosion potentials of the reinforced bar, as a corrosion monitoring method, were measured for 10 months in concrete containing 0 to 3.5% sodium chloride contents. The variations of potential with time were discussed. The corrosion potentials were compared to the appearances of the rebars after the structure were intentionally destructed. It was found that the potential measuring method was very effective for corrosion monitoring.

β-시클로덱스트린과의 포접에의한 디클로페낙나트륨의 용해도 및 생체흡수율 증가

서성훈,김승조,이경태,김종환,김주일,서희경 한국약제학회 1996 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.26 No.3

Inclusion complexes of diclofenac sodium with β-cyclodextrin were prepared in aqueous solution, alkaline solution and solid phase. The interaction of diclofenac sodium with β-cyclodextrin in pH 9.0 alkaline solution was evaluated by the solubility method and the instrumental analysis such as thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry. The solubility of diclofenac sodium was increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of β-cyclodextrin up to 0.15 mol and showed that the aqueous solubility rate of diclofenac sodium was significantly increased by complex with β-cyclodextrin. The optimum composition of this complex was one molecule of β-cyclodextrin included 1.59 molecular weight of diclofenac sodium as a guest molecule. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the diclofenac sodium and the complex with β-cyclodextrin were studied in rats by oral route. T_(max) between drug alone and inclusion complex showed significant difference to be 120 minute and 20 minute respectively. Both of C_(max) and AUC of inclusion complex was about 40% higher than drug alone. It is estimated from the data in this study that complexation of diclofenac sodium with β-cyclodextrin increased the absorption rate and improved the bioavalability of the diclofenac sodium by the formation of a water-soluble complexes.