고려 후기 얼자(孽子)의 지위 향상과 그 역사적 배경 = Elevation in the status of the “concubines’ sons”(孽子) : Historical background

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Examined in this article are the Seo’eol figures of the Goryeo period, who were also the former version of the Joseon Seo’eol figures. They were called as a whole as ‘Seo/Eol’ in Joseon, but in Goryeo there was a strict distinction between ‘Seo(庶)’ and ‘Eol(孼).’ In the early half of the Goryeo period, the latter(“Eolja” figures) were not allowed to be appointed to governmental positions, and the former(“Seoja” figures) were in some cases restricted from applying for the dynastic competitive examination and was not allowed to rise above certain level of posts inside the government.
But coming into the second half of the Goryeo period, not only cases of Seoja figures but also those of Eolja figures, in which they were able to apply for the dynastic exam and rise to the highest level of posts inside the government, started to emerge. We can see such changes inside the royal family as well, as the Eolja sons of the king, who were formerly without any right to claim succession to the throne and were forced to become Buddhist priests, were now entitled to become governmental officials or receive honorary entitlements. We can see that from the case of King Gongmin-wang’s Eolja son Wang Wu, who was enthroned in 1374 as Gongmin-wang’s successor.
Elevation in the Eolja figures’ status in the second half of the Goryeo period was enabled in the wake of the Yuan imperial government’s strong and steady influences and interventions into Goryeo internal affairs. At first, the Eolja figures mounted individual attempts and efforts to use the situation to their advantage. And when they grew sufficiently accustomed to the Yuan imperial order, their acknowledgement of the Yuan order, its law codes which were not without Chinese elements, and the Chinese nature of such behavioral protocols, all enabled them to accept the notion that Eolja figures deserve new chances and especially avenues of career advancement which were not available for them before. The Yuan law code which dictated and defined the status and rights of the ‘Seo(庶)’ figures literally granted the Seo and Eol figures in Goryeo the right to claim fiscal properties and career opportunities. The Goryeo leadership, including all the Confucian intellectuals, positively responded to the situation and recognized the Eolja figures’ political and social rights. Their status elevation did not involve anything abnormal or illegal, and even after Yuan lost its influences, they maintained such elevated status, which explain how the social status of the Seo/Eol figures in the early half of the Joseon period came to be established.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 1. 얼자(?子)의 관직 진출과 왕위 계승
• 2. 원 법률의 적용과 한족 예제(禮制)의 긍정
• 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 지승종, "조선전기의 서얼신분" 27 : 1991

2 배재홍, "조선전기 처첩분간과 서얼" 41 : 1991

3 박천규, "조선전기 서얼의 사회적 지위" 30 : 1980

4 배재홍, "조선시대 천첩자녀의 종량과 서얼신분 귀속" 3 : 1994

5 신동근, "조선시대 서얼의 신분적 지위와 재산소유" 영남공업전문대학 18 : 1989

6 배재홍, "조선시대 서얼 차대론과 통용론" 21 : 1998

7 최이돈, "조선 초기 서얼의 차대와 신분" 역사학회 (204) : 141-187, 2009

8 이태진, "서얼차대고" 27 : 1965

9 노명호, "고려시대의 다원적 천하관과 해동천자" 105 : 1999

10 허흥식, "고려시대 소군의 신분상 특성" 1992

11 이정란, "고려시대 서얼 연구" 고려대학교 2003

12 李康漢, "고려 충선왕의 국정 및 ‘구제’ 복원" 진단학회 (105) : 73-109, 2008

13 이정란, "高麗 王家의 龍孫意識과 왕권의 변동" 고려사학회 (55) : 7-41, 2014

14 李奭, "元朝中期 法典編纂 硏究와 [至正條格]의 發見" 동양사학회 83 : 6-202, 2003