A Risk Management For Prevention of Birds Strike In Urban Parks Close to the Airport

Mu-Geun Kim,Dam-Yong Park,Joon-Jo Moon,Hyunsu Kim 한국조류학회II 2016 한국조류학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The Western Seoul Lake Park which lies in Yangcheon Sinwol-dong of Seoul was opened in October 2009. The number and species of birds are expected to continue to increase in the future around the airspace over the Western Seoul Lake Park. The Western Seoul Lake Park is, however, geographically close to the southern end of the Gimpo Airport, and it is located on the approach surface of the obstacle limitation surfaces thereof. For that reason, the probability of bird strikes around the airspace over the Western Seoul Lake Park would be significantly high in comparison with that of bird strikes around the airspace over the other parks near the Gimpo Airport. To assessment of bird strike risk in the Western Seoul Lake Park, we visited four times between 2015 and 2016. And ducks and geese were identified as the most dangerous species. In this paper, we will, through the analysis of the Western Seoul Lake Park case, propose a new approach to bird strike risk management around that Park and also present the improvements of current relevant policies.

만성중이염의 골도청력변화

박선홍,노용훈,이도용,나한조,김용기,최봉남,도남용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.1

We have usually experienced bone conduction impairment in chronic otitis media, but it is unclear that raised bone conduction threshold is due to the reflection of cochlear dam- age and / or Carhart effect ( an artificial elevation of bone conduction threshold due to conductive defect ) or both. The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of the artificial elevation of the bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media and to estimate Carhart effect. A total of 336 cases of tympanoplasty with unilateral chronic otitis media without any other causes of sensorineural hearing loss was studied. The average threshold levels of the bone conduction in diseased ears ranged from 18.5dB at 4kHz to 12.1dB at 250Hz The longer duration of the disease, the larger perforation size, the more severe damage of the middle ear structure and the presence of the cholesteatoma made bone conduction threshold increased. The postoperative thresholds of bone conduction were Improved in 36 cases (40.4%) of the 89 cases that underwent operation with type I tympanoplasty technique without electrie drilling. The degree of the maximal improvement was 14.3dB at 2000Hz and the minimum was 8.8dB at 250Hz. but these result did differ from a statistically significant degree. The result suggest that the bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media is elevated artificially by conductive defect and improved by successful reconstructive surgery.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

Cone-beam CT를 이용한 안면비대칭자에서 이부편위에 따른 치성보상의 양상분석

박수병,박정희,정연화,조봉혜,김용일 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between menton deviation and dental compensation in facial asymmetry. Methods: Tooth axis and distance of first molar and canine to the reference plane were investigated by cone-beam computerized tomography. The subjects consisted of 50 patients with asymmetric mandibles (male 21, female 29, mean age 24.3 years). Control groups were also assessed (male 11, female 9, mean age 25.6 years). Nine measurements (5 linear measurements and 4 angular measurements) were measured in order to evaluate the correlation between menton deviation and the linear and angular difference of first molar and canine in the deviated and none-deviated sides using the defined MPR images. The differences between deviated and non-deviated side, according to menton deviation, were statistically analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: From the result, Menton deviation was negatively correlated with mandibular first molar's angular measurement (Δ∠LM6-Mn plane (dev.-ndev.)) and positively with maxillary fist molar's angular measurement (Δ∠UM6-FH plane (dev.-ndev.)) (p < 0.01). Two angular measurements (Δ∠ LM6-Mn plane (dev.-ndev.), Δ∠UM6-FH plane (dev.-ndev.)) explained the variability in menton deviation with a significant r² value of 0.589. Conclusions: This study suggests that the tooth axis of upper and lower first molars leans towards the deviated side of Menton when there is mandibular asymmetry with Menton deviation. 본 연구는 Cone-beam CT의 MPR이미지상에서 하악골 평면에 대한 하악 제1대구치와 견치의 편위측과 비편위측의 높이와 각도차이 그리고 FH 평면에 대한 상악 제1대구치와 견치의 편위측과 비편위측의 높이와 각도차이를 계측함으로써 안면비대칭자에서 이부편위에 따른 편위측과 비편위측의 제1대구치와 견치의 높이와 협설측 경사도를 CBCT를 이용하여 분석하고 그 관련성을 알아보는 데 있다. 연구대상은 하악골의 이부편위를 동반한 안면비대칭 환자 50명(여자 29명, 남자 21명, 평균나이 24세 4개월)으로 하였다. 대조군으로 평균나이 25세 7개월인 20명(남자 11명, 여자 9명)을 분석하였다. 결과는 이부편위에 대해 FH 평면에 대한 상악 제1대구치의 편위측과 비편위측의 길이 및 각도 차이(편위측 - 비편위측)는 대조군에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하였다 (p < 0.01). 비대칭군에서 상악 제1대구치 각도는 편위측이 비편위측보다 평균 8.62 ± 5.95˚ 컸다 (p < 0.01). 상악 견치의 경우에도 편위측과 비편위측의 각도차이가 평균 4.48 ± 5.05˚로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하였다 (p < 0.01). 하악골 평면에 대한 하악 제1대구치의 수직 길이와 각도는 편위측과 비편위측에서 통계적으로 유의할 만한 차이가 존재하였다 (p < 0.01). 각도의 차이는 평균 -11.92 ± 5.79˚로 나타났다. 이부편위에 대한 상하악 제1대구치와 견치의 수직거리 및 각도의 Pearson 상관분석 및 회귀분석 결과, FH 평면에 대한 상악 제1대구치의 편위측과 비편위측의 각도차이(Δ∠ UM6-FH plane (dev.-ndev.))는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 하악골 평면에 대한 하악 제1대구치의 편위측과 비편위측의 각도차이(Δ∠LM6-Mn plane (dev.-ndev.))는 통계적으로 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 이부편위를 동반한 하악골 비대칭이 존재하는 경우, 이부가 편위되는 방향으로 상하악 제1대구치의 치아장축의 각도가 변화되는 것으로 나타났다.

Calcium phosphate 결정 성장 최적화를 위한 Ti 표면의 BaTiO_3 박막 형성에 관한 연구

조진우,양홍서,박영준,황규석,송종은,이용렬 전남대학교 치과대학 2001 구강과학 Vol.13 No.2

This study was purposed to establish an optimized manufacturing process for a negatively charged ferroelectric thin flim on titanium substrate in order to develop a new implant system having the mechanical strength and bone forming ability. Ferroelectric materials show an alignment of positive and negative charges by poling treatment. Based on this property, this study was performed with the assumption that the Ca^2+ ions would be easily attracted on negatively charged surface and the attracted cation might behave as nuclei for bone-like crystal grownth in biological solutions. In order to have an osteoinducibility by the ferroelectric thin film coating, continuous and flawless crystalline thin film should be formed with ferroelectricity, and finally should be adequately poling treated. In this study, BaTiO_3 (BTO) was selected as a ferroelectric material. Before thin film coating process, most favorable poling condition was investiged with the evaluation of the difference in calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the parameters to form an optimum thin film were studied. Dense bulk BTO disks were fabricate using cold isostatic pressing(CIP) and sintered in air at 1300℃ for 2 hours. Sintered BTO disk was polished, and he crystallinity, microstructure, and ferroelectric characteristics were evaluated using an X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and an Impedance analyzer. To find the optimum poling condition for the calcium phosphate crystal formation, sintered bulk BTO specimens were treated with either of following poling conditions; 1) room temperature poling treatment [ polarizing field (Ep) = 25kV/cm, at 25℃ for 2 hours], 2) under Tc medium-temperaturepoling treatment (Ep=20kV/cm, from 85˚C to 25˚C for 2 hour), and 3) above Tc high-temperature poling were immesed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 30 days, and the formation of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer n the surface was evaluated. The crystallinity, microstructure, and ferroelectric characteristic of BTO thin film were evaluated withthe variation of final heat treatment. It was performed after establishing the starting substance-solvent mixing ratio, coating times, and pre-heating temperature optimal to form continuous and flawless BTO thin film adequate for having ferroelectricity. Perparation of BTO thin film was made by dipping-pyrolysis technique using metal naphthenates as starting substances. BTO thin films was spin-coated on Ti substrate by dipping-pyrolysis technique using sol obtained by mixing Ba-naphthenate and Ti-naphthenate as starting substances. Pre-firing temperature of BTO thin film was performed at 450℃ because organic-solvent ws completely volatilized without any crystal growth, and the final heat treatment was performed at 600, 700 or 800℃, respectively. The results are as follows; 1. BTO disk sintered at 1300℃ for 2 hours showed average grain size of about 1㎛ and the relative dielectric constant at 1㎑ was abut 3000∼3500. 2. After immersing the sintered bulk BTO poled at respective conditions in SBF for 30 days, Ca-P layers were present on the negatively charged surfaces. In contrary, positively charged Bto surface did not show any noticeable charge of the surface microstructure after SBF immersion. 3. In he case of poling condition 1 and 2 treated with below Tc, Ca/P ratio showed a relatively low value of 1,.2∼1.5. While, in the case of poling condition 3 treated with above Tc, Ca/P ratio was 1.5∼1.67, which is similar to that of biological apatite. This phenomenon demonstrates that poling the BTO above the temperature of Tc is preferable for the Ca-P formation. 4. For thin film BTO coastin, the starting substance was prepared by an equimolar mixing of the Ba and Ti-naphthenate. Dilution of the starting substance with toluene was most appropriate at sol : toluene ratio of 5.2:4.8 Too thin sol produced porosity in film, and too thick sol resulted cracks in the film. By repeating the coating and pre-firing procedure 15 times, homogeneous film of 0.5㎛ thickness could be fabricated, and perfomed well during the poling treatment without breakdown. 5. The heat-treatmen of the BTO thin film at 700℃ produced a homogeneous crystalline structure without heterogeneous TiO2 formation. The BTO thin film heat-treated at 600℃ showed non-crystallinity and no ferroelectricity. Treatment at 800℃ produced heterogeneous TiO2 phase in the film, which is unfavorabe for having ferroelectricity by the distortion of the perovskite structure. The relative dielectic constant at 1 ㎑ was 152 and 112 by heat-treatment at 700 and 800℃, respectively. In summary, these results demonstrated that poling the ferroelectric B_aT_iO_3 surface negatively is effective for the formation of Ca-P layer in simulated body fluids. Poling condition at a temperature cooling from above Tc down to room temperature is most effective. By optimizing the method of BTO thin film coating on metal substrate for the formation of Ca-P layer, the data of this study might be applied for the manufacture of new bioactive implant system.

사례연구법의 사회과 적용 과정 탐색 : 연구 방법론에서 법교육까지 from Research Method to Law-Related Education Method

박용조 한국사회과교육연구학회 2003 사회과교육 Vol.42 No.1

본 고에서는 사회과 교육에서 특히 법교육에서 대표적인 수업기법으로 받아들여지고 있는 사례연구법의 교수론적 의의를 사례연구법의 교육적 변용 과정의 탐색을 통하여 확인해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 먼저 본래 학문 연구 방법론으로서 사례연구법이 갖는 여러 가지 성격과 특성을 파악하고, 이들이 어떤 관점에서 교육적으로 활용되어 왔는지를 살펴보았다. 그리고, 우리의 사회과 법교육의 전개에 있어서 시사점을 도출해 보았다. 그 결과, 사례연구법이 학문 연구 방법에서 사회과 법교육의 수업기법으로까지 발전해 오기까지 지속적으로 그 유용성으로 확인된 것은 '탐구학습을 통한 일반화'와 '쟁점에 대한 활발한 토론 과정'이었다. 이러한 사례연구법이 갖는 교수론적 유용성은 한국 사회과 법교육이 그 동안의 내용 중심적 접근 방식에서 벗어나 방법 중심의 새로운 접근을 하여야 한다는 시사점을 던져 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is, by exploring the pedagogical transition process of the case method approach, to define the instructional efficiency of the case method approach in social studies. In this study, I extracted pedagogical implications from the case method approach as a research method. Then, through exploring what perspectives are reflected in its application, the guidelines for appling the case method approach to Korean law-related education in social studies education were proposed as two. The first one was I generalization through the inquiry teaching', which included both using the legal case for the integrated instructional materials and using the legal dilemma for self-directed learning, and the other was' active discussions on issues', which included both examinations for diverse viewpoints in legal cases and understanding of moral ideas behind a judicial decision. The pedagogical implications of the case method approach in Korean law-related social studies methods is to convert content-centered approach into instructional method-centered approach.

온도 기울기(temperature gradient) 젤에서 Heteroduplex Analysis 기법을 이용한 돌연변이 DNA의 검출

조용석,구미자,박귀근,박영서,강종백 A.R. Liss 1998 ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS Vol.18 No.2

Treadmill 보행시의 산소섭취량의 변화

조용규,정규철,박종덕 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In order to investigate the changes in oxygen uptake during treadmill walking according to speed and grade of inclination, 74male and 33 female college students who volunteered were subjected to this study. Speed of treadmill was set to 2,4,6 and 8㎞/hr, and grade of inclination ranged from 0(level) to 25% for the male and from 0 to 12.5% for the female subjects. Oxygen uptake during treadmill walking was measured by Douglas bag method using Orzat gas analyzer. Oxygen uptake during treadmill walking increased rectilinearly with increment of speed or grade of inclination, and could be expressed as simple linear regressions of VO_2 on speed for each grade, or on grade for each speed. Average VO_2 predicted by these regression equations was proved to be valid showing the regression of the predicted on the actual value was VO_2 pred.=1.00VO_2actual-0.31(r=1.0000, S.E.E.=0.51) for the male, and VO_2pred.=1.00 VO_2actual+0.15(r=1,0000, S.E.E.=5.0) for the female. Meanwhile, although VO_2 predicted by multiple linear regression on both speed and grade of inclination(table 4) was also well correlated with the actual values VO_2pred.=0.43 VO_2actual+704.4(r=0.9860, S.E.E.=4.0) for males; VO_2pred.= 0.98 VO_2actual+32.1 (r=0.9879, S,E,E,=82.3) for females, the predicted VO_2 would be underestimated than the actual values in male subjects. Standard error of the estimate by simple linear regression was larger as the load of exercise became heavier ranging from 260 to 400ml/min for males from 80 to 190ml/min for females.

소형 UHF RFID 태그 안테나의 최적화와 겹쳤을 때의 인식률에 대한 연구

박용권,김구조,정유정 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 情報通信硏究 Vol.4 No.1

Alprazolam과 Fluoxetine이 기억력과 인지 기능에 미치는 영향

박용진,강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1996 생물치료정신의학 Vol.2 No.2

Alprazolam이 기억력과 인지기능에 장애를 초래한다는 많은 보고들이 있고, fluoxetine이 기억력 장애를 초래한다는 일부 보고가 있다. 그래서 저자는 정신과 외래에서 가장 널리 사용되는 약 중 하나인 alprazolam과 fluoxetine이 환자의 기억력과 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 최근 2개월 이상 정신과 약을 비롯한 어떠한 약도 복용한 적이 없는 환자 9명을 대상으로 약을 투여 하기 전에 기억력 검사와 인지기능 검사를 수행하였고, alprazolam과 fluoxetine을 각각을 8주 동안 치료 용량으로 투여후, 기억력 검사와 인지기능 검사를 다시 시행하였다. 그리고 대조군을 두어 동일 검사를 두 번 시행함에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 학습 효과를 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) Alprazolam을 투여 한 군에서 투약전 투약후 검사간의 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) Fluoxetine을 투여한 군에서도 투약전 투약후 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 대조군에서 8주간격으로 실시한 두 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) Alprazolam을 투여 한 군, fluoxetine을 투여 한 군, 그리고 대조군 사이에서 투약전 및 투약후 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. The benzodiazepines have been reported to cause anterograde amnestic effects. There are also some report that the fluoxetine may be the cause of amnestic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alprazolam and fluoxetine on memory and cognitive function. Alprazolam is popular intermediate-acting benzodiazepines and fluoxetine is one of SSRI which is being used most frequently. The subjects were 9 outpatients who visited to Psychiatry Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital. Some patients were under alprazolam medication(N=5, dosage:0.75-1.5㎎) and the others were under fluoxetine medication(N=4,dosage:20㎎-40㎎). The control group(N=6) was formed by normal volunteers, To measure the subjects' memory and cognitive functions, the Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS) and the Computerized Neuropsychological Test(STIM system, neuroscan Inc, 1990) were used. The groups were examed by the WMS and the STIM before medication and after 8 weeks of taking medication. The data were analysed by Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Signed-ranks Test and Kolmogrov-Smirnov 2-Sample Test. The result of this study were as follows: 1) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment in alprazolam medication group. 2) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment in fluoxetine medication group. 3) There was no significantdifference between pretest and posttest in control group. 4) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment among above three groups. In Summary, the effect of alprazolam and fluoxetine on memory and cognitive function has no statistical significance after 8 weeks treatment by therapeutic dosage.