레지오 에밀리아 접근법'의 한국적용에 대한 교사인식 : What the Reggio Emilia approach means to Korean teachers

문지영,김희연 한국아동교육학회 2004 아동교육 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 레지오 접근법을 우리나라에 적용하는 교사들이 레지오 접근법을 어떻게 이해,적용하고 있으며 적용상 나타나는 장점과 효과에 비추어 적용상의 한계점과 대안에 대해 인식하고 있는지를 탐색하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 무려 현장에 레지오 접근법을 적용하는 교사는 아동 주도적인 학습과 사물과 사람간의 관계 구성을 통해 나타나는 내면화 학습 전략으로 보고 교사간, 아동간의 적극적이고 협력적인 관계 형성으로 인하여 교사의 능력이 질적으로 향상되는 것으로 이해하고 있었다. 교사는 현장에서 적용하는 레지오 접근법을 기존 프로그램과 함께 총체적, 부분적으로 병행하고 적용하고 있었으며, 아동중심 교육전략, 교사개입 전리, 사회성 강화 전략과 부모, 지역 사회 협력 전략을 적용하며 프로젝트 모방성과 프로젝트 시행착오성 전략을 보이고 있었다. 레지오 접근법을 적용하면서 교사는 아동의 인지적, 사회적인 학습 전리의 변화를 할 수 있으며 자기 장학을 통한 교사의 교육관, 아동관과 사고의 변화를 느낄 수 있었다. 또한 기록화를 통한 재반성의 기회, 아등 스스로의 구성을 유도하는 상징화 효과와 전시환경 효과를 레지오 접근법이 가진 장점으로 인식하고 있었다. 교사가 레지오 프로젝트를 적용하는 과정에서 갓는 문제점과 한계점으로 기관과 교사관계의 딜레마를 지적하였으며 개인주의적 유아 교육 현장 문화와 교사 양성사(養成史)의 중심성을 한계점으로 인식하고 있었다. 또한 전문적인 교육 연수 기회 부족과 사회·문화 환경의 이질성 및 사회구조적 문제를 인식하고 있었다. 단원 중심과 레지오 프로젝트의 병행으로 인하여 시간적 부담을 갖고 있는 교사는 이를 극복하려는 새로운 방향으로 방학 특강과 소그룹의 시간차 운영 적용은 시간적 대안이라고 하고 프로젝트 운명에 적절한 공간적 확보를 위한 공간적 대안으로 나누어 적용하고 있었으며 대집단과 함께 프로젝트에 참여 할 수 있는 방안으로 집단구성 대안 방법을 도입하고 있었다. 또한 기록의 적극적인 활용을 위해 사진만은 활5한 기록화를 제안하였으며 동료 교사와의 역할 분담으로 단원 중심과 레지오 프로젝트의 병행에서 오는 문제를 새로운 프로젝트 운영 전략 방향으로 제언하였다. This study purported to examine, how the preshcool teachers understand and apply the Reggio Emilia approach, how they are aware of the strong point and the limitations of Reggio approach which are appeared in process of application, and in the light of all this how they present new alternative proposals. The research questions were investigated through a deep interviewing method with five teachers who experienced to apply the Reggio method at kindergartens in Korea. First of all, the teachers perceived the Reggio approach as the improvement of the teacher's ability in quality by making an active and cooperative relationship between teachers and students, under judging it as the learning strategy for internalization which can be attained through the construction of relation and the learning by child initiation. They applied the Reggio approach in accordance with the existing program totally and partly, and as concrete instructional strategies they had put a point into the child-centered strategy, the teacher's intervention strategy, the strategy for increasing social interaction, and the strategy of cooperation with parents and community, on the basis of the project management strategies such as imitation and trial & error. The strong points of this approach were perceived in that the teacher can see the change of cognitive social learning strategy of child, and the change of their educational perspective, child view, and thinking process, by reflection on what they experienced through Reggio-way projects. They also mentioned the chance of revisit by documentation, the effect of multi-symbolization which derives child's knowledge construction, as another good point. As limitations in applying Reggio projects, they pointed out the dilemma of relation between institutions and teachers, the culture of individualism in classroom management, and the teacher-centeredness of teacher training curriculum. Besides, they also stated, as another limitation, the lack of various chances to have educational training related to Reggio approach, the difference of social and cultural environment, and the social-structural constraint. Due to a extra-burden by parallelism of Reggio project and subject-centered curriculum, teachers set out some alternative proposals like a special lecture during vacation, a small group project with time lag (alternative proposals for time), securing the apt space for project (alternative proposal for space), and a large group project (alternative proposal for group constitution). Furthermore, they proposed, as other alternatives, the selection of project topics which come from subject-centered curriculum, and the displacement of documentation with photoes and classroom management records. The result was discussed in terms of the limitation of application, the dilemma in application, and the establishment of a unique Reggio approach in Korea.

한국 정상인에서 연령에 따른 뇌혈류분포와 혈류예비능의 변화 : Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT 에 의한 연구

문대혁,이희경,송호천,이재태,범희승,손혜경,정환정,민정준,김지열 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in normal children to aged volunteers using Tc-99m HMPAO. Materials and Methods: Thirty four right-handed normal volunteers (20 males, 14 females, mean age 40.3±24.9 years, range 4 to 82 years) were underwent rest/acetazolamide (ACZ) brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO and the sequential injection and subtraction method. rCBF was estimated on the basis of a semiquantitative approach by means of right/left ratio, region/cerebellum and region to whole brain ratios in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. CVR was measured by means of % perfusion increase calculated as % mean count change compared to rest rCBF in each regions. Results: Mean values of right to left ratios range from 1.004 to 1.018. rCBF was highest in cerebellum and lowest in basal ganglia and thalami. Frontal and temporal rCBF decreased while occipital and thalami rCBF increased according to age. No sexual difference of rCBF was noted. Mean CVR was 29.9±12.9%. Mean CVR significantly increased to late teens, and declined thereafter. After 6th decade, CVR in both frontal lobes, left parietal lobe and right basal ganglia decreased significantly with advancing age. There was no sexual difference of CVR. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of CVR was possible by ACZ Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT. It revealed that rCBF and CVR changed according to age in normal Korean volunteers. There was no sexual difference.

天然闊葉樹林內 主要 構成 樹種의 天然更新 樣相

金知洪,梁熙文,金光澤,李元燮,姜聲基 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2001 Journal of Forest Science Vol.17 No.-

이 연구는 "국유림 경영 현대화 산학 협동 실연 연구"의 일환으로 강원도 평창군 가리왕산 일대 천연활엽수림을 대상으로, 주요 수종별 천연갱신 특성을 평가하여 연구대상 산림의 전반적인 천연갱신에 대한 종합적인 생태적 정보를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 수종별 천연갱신 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 거제수나무 : 비산되는 종자이므로 종자 공급에는 문제가 없으나, 종자 발아를 위해서 노출된 광물질토양이 필요하며, 두꺼운 낙엽층은 종자 발아를 제한한다. 발아 후 갱신치수는 다량의 광선을 필요로 한다. 고로쇠나무 : 내음성은 강하나, 치수의 내건성이 약하므로 50% 이상의 피음을 요구하며, 우량 형질의 임목 조성을 위해 높은 초기 밀도를 유지하여야 한다. 맹아정신력은 높다. 난티나무 : 수분 요구도가 높고 내음성이 약하므로 60% 가량의 상층 울폐도를 유지하여 보습과 광선유입이 원활하여야 하며, 치수 활착을 위해서 관목류 및 기타 식생으로부터 경쟁 요인을 제거한다. 들메나무 : 종자 발아를 위해 광물질 토양의 노출이 필수적이며, 치수 활착을 위해서 다량의 수분과 광선이 요구되고, 지피식생에 의한 치수의 피압이 우려되므로 임지정리작업 도입이 필수적이다. 물푸레나무 : 종자 결실의 풍흉이 심하며, 두꺼운 낙엽층은 종자발아를 제한한다. 치수 활착시 지피식생에 의한 피압이 우려되므로 임지정리작업의 도입이 필수적이다. 신갈나무 종자공급의 문제(설치류에 의한 피해) 및 두꺼운 낙엽층 및 조릿대 밀생 지역에서는 종자발아가 제한되며, 치수 발생 후, 임관의 50% 이상을 열어줄 필요가 있고, 맹아갱신력이 높다. 음나무 : 두꺼운 낙엽층은 종자발아를 제한하며, 유령목 생육에 다량의 광선이 요구된다. 젓나무 : 내음성은 강하나, 유령목 단계에서 생육은 극히 저조하다. 층층나무 : 동물에 의해서 종자가 산포되지만 종자 피해는 불가피하며, 발아와 치수 활착을 위해서 단량의 광선이 요구된다. 피나무 : 종자 충실률이 낮고 이중 휴면성 때문에 종자 공급에 어려움이 있으며, 두꺼운 낙엽층은 종자발아의 걸림이 되므로 광물질 토양이 필요하고, 맹아갱신력이 매우 높다. Forming a part of "Cooperative Practical Study for the Modernization of the Management of National Forest", this study was conducted to provide overall ecological information for the natural regeneration of major tree species on the basis of community structural attributes in the deciduous forest ecosystem. Followings are summarized characteristics of the natural regeneration for the selected tree species. Betula costata : Although large number of seeds are dispersed by wind, they require mineral soils to germinate. Thick litter layer could be an obstacle to germinate. After germination, the seedling requires large amount of light for successful establishment. Acer mono : Characterized by high shade tolerance and weak drought resistance, the seedling should be overcasted with more than 50% of canopy coverage. High stand density should be maintained to produce good quality of timber. The potential of coppice may be high. Ulmus laciniata : Since this species needs high rate of troll moisture and light, around 60% of canopy coverage should be maintained to retain moisture and incoming light. The competition with other vegetation should be removed for the favor of successful seedling establishment. Fraxinus mandshurica : This species requires moist mineral soils to germinate. After germination, the seedling needs large amount of light and moisture for successful establishment. Site preparation should be applied to reduce competition with weedy vegetation. Fraxinus rhynchophylla : Interval of large seed crops may be highly varied. Thick litter layer could be an obstacle to germinate. Site preparation should be applied to reduce competition with weedy vegetation so as to achieve successful seedling establishment Quercus mongolica : Including the difficulty of seed supply by the consumption, thick litter layer and mountain bamboo cover could be the obstacle to germinate. More than 50% of relative light intensity is necessary to achieve successful seedling establishment. Kalopanax pictus : Thick litter layer could be an obstacle to germinate. The seedling needs large amount of light and moisture for successful establishment. Abies holophylla : In spite of high shade tolerance, the growth rate in sapling stage may be extremely slow. Cornus controversa : Seeds (drups) are consumed and dispersed by animals, tending to be not sufficient in seed supply. This species requires large amount of light for successful germination and seedling establishment. Tilia amurensis : The difficulty of seed supply might be expected with low seed purity and double dormancy. Since thick litter layer could be an obstacle to germinate, the species requires moist mineral soils for successful germination. The potential of coppice may be extremely high. Key words : natural deciduous forest, natural regeneration microtopography

저장온도 0,15 및 30℃에서 계육의 핵산관련물질과 관능성의 사후변화

이지은,정인철,차경숙,김명준,문윤희 慶星大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate changes of nucleotide related compounds and sensory property by freshness index of chicken meat during stored at 0, 15 and 30℃. In case of chicken meat stored at 0, 15 and 30℃, ATP+ADP, AMP and IMP was decreased, HxR and Hx was increased gradually. And such situation was higher in high temperature. But the amount of nucleotide related compounds was hard to decide freshness. The result of freshness estimated by sensory score was fresh to 9 days at 0℃, to 3 days at 15℃ and to 18 hours at 30℃ generally.

Acylthiocholine의 합성

정두희,이지현,박유미,정대일,곽문정,신영주 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.2

Choline esters that are used with substrate of EE-AChE-catalyzed hydrolyses were synthesized by two methods. 2-Chloroethyl thiohexanoate 4a, 2-chloroethyl thioheptanoate 4c, and 2-chloroethyl thiooctanoate 4b were synthesized by treatment of hexanoyl chloride 3a, heptanoyl chloride 3c, and octanoyl chloride 3b with ethylene sulfide 2. Hexanoylthiocholine 6a and octanoylthiocholine 6b were synthesized by using 4a and 4b with trimethylamine 5. Secondly after reaction ethylene sulfide 2 with dimethyl amine 7 and acylation by acid anhydride 8, heptanoylthiocholine 6c, decanoylthiocholine 6d were synthesized by treatment of methyl iodide.

초등학교 남·여 아동의 진로의식 성숙도 관련변인 연구

강문희,김지연 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2000 여성연구논총 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of the present study was to investigate related factors to children`s career maturity level, self-concept and home environment according to their gender of 6th grade boys and girls. The subjects of the study were 129 boys and 97 girls of 6th grade attending elementary schools in Seoul area. The instruments such as Career Maturity Inventory, Self-Concept Inventory and Home Environment Inventory were utilized for analyzing related factors to children`s vocational development. Major findings of the present study are as follows: 1. On the relationship between career maturity and self-concept, the basic attitude and independence of career maturity were statistically significantly correlated to children`s academic self-concept regardless of their sex. 2. On the relationship between career maturity and home environment, the basic attitude of career maturity was statistically significantly related to group character of home. Sex differences were found among these factors. 3. On the relationship between career maturity and sex, the academic self-concept and psychological process of home were significantly related to children`s career maturity.

사료용 옥수수 연구 N. 조사료용 CNU 육성 교잡종 옥수수의 수량관련 주요특성

이희봉,정재영,김용일,박보영,지희정,문현귀 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study was carried out to compare a yield performance about CNU maize hybrids developed at the Maize Genetics and Breeding Lab, in Chungnam National University. Among the hybrids incorporated in the test, CNU 3 and 1 showed higher dry matter per 10a and lower kernel yield per 10a than check hybrid, Kwanganok. Hongchon 5 and Suwon169 showed higher kernel yield than Kwanganok. The average yield of CNU 3 hybrid in dry matter and CNU 4 in kernel yield were 2,106kg/10a and 854kg/10a in regional adaptability test, which were increased 33% and 8% compared with a check hybrid, respectively. Also, these hybrids had better stay green characteristics than check hybrid and showed moderately resistance to corn borer and leaf spot.

GOS가 장내 Bifidobacteria의 생육촉진에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강국희,문지웅,강대중,이재영 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

We investigated the growth effect of various sugars on the principal intestinal microorganisms which were Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Clostridia, Escherichia, Eubacteria, and Staphylococci. Those microorganisms were cultivated on media containing various sugars. The sugars were grouped into A, B, and C. Group A consisted of sugars extracted by water, 5%, 15%, 30%, and 40%, EtOH, respectively. Group B were galactooligosaccharide(GOS), fructooligosaccharide(FOS), isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO), and xylooligosaccharide( XOS). Group C were LOS, SOS, and LSOS. Bif. adolescentis, Bif. bifidum, Bif. infantis, Bif. longum, and Str. faecalis grew well on the media containing sugars of each A, B, and C group, while C. butyricurm, S. aureus, Eu. limosum, and E. coli did not. The results indicated that oligosaccharides of A, B, and C group were consumed effectively by Bifidobacterium spp. but not utilized by other intestinal microorganisms. Oligosaccharides of each A, B, and C group promoted selectively the growth of Bif. infantis and Bif. longum in the human intestinal microflora.

1866∼7년 데이 드레스(day dress)의 설계 및 디자인 분석

김문숙,이서희,오현남,한성지,김현주 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

As the current stage of the fashion begins to follow the styles of the past, the study on the past costume is getting more important, and as the methodology of the study accurately approached study through the rehabilitation of the past costume is more needed than the simple rearrangement of the historical documents. By this methodology, this study can be positioned as a recreation activity. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Style : The general silhouetts is the late crinoline style which is the period from 1860s to just before bustle. The dress is one-piece composed of fitted bodice, and skirt which the front is flat, side and back is triangular shape to the skirts. 2) Color and Material : the main color is pale stone and the sub-color is ivory and blue. The dress is made of a silk surface and cotton back and partly satin and velvet. 3) Pattern and sewing : the dress is together sewing comnined with lining and fabric. The skirt is gored skirt, the number of patterns is plenty because of the plenty of width of skirt. The double piping has various effect not only to decorate but also to conceal the seam, support the silhouette. 4) Detail : The general detail is double piping which are repeatedly used to decorate stand collar, bands of sleeve, froint bodice and gored panel seam of skirt. And the fringe and velvet ribbon are used to decorate the dress. 5) Structural characteristics : The double piping, velvet ribbon and twilled cotton are used to emphasize structural characteristics of crinoline style. And the waistband which is backed with a webbing band to reinforce it is also the structural characteristics. Synthetically, the 1886~7 day dress has the characteristics of transitional stage in which the chararcteristics of the costume of 1860s and the remnants of the characteristics of the previous costume style, and shows the characteristics of day dress well in terms of the style, color and fabrics, pattern and sewing, detail, and structural characteristics.

약진의 임상적 고찰

김지현,김문정,조소연,황규광,함정희 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1999 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.22 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구는 입원환자 및 외래환자를 대상으로 약진의 임상양상 및 의심되는 유발 약물에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1999년 5월까지 본원 피부과 외래환자와 본과에 피부병변으로 의뢰되었던 타과 입원환자 중 약진으로 진단되었던 131명을 대상으로 하였다. 약진으로 진단된 131명을 대상으로 현병력 및 과거력을 검토하였고, 문진, 이학적 검사소견, 일반 혈액검사, 간기능검사 및 IgE PRIST를 실시하였으며, 약진의 임상형태, 원인약제, 잠복기에 대해 조사를 하였다. 결과 : 1) 본 연구에서는 남녀간의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았고. 연령분포는 20대와 30대에서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 2) 투약으로부터 약진발생까지의 시간, 즉 잠복기는 24시간에서 3일까지의 경우가 48예(36.6%)로 가장 많았고, 4일에서 6일까지 35예(26.7%), 7일에서 13일까지 25예(19.1%). 14일에서 20일까지, 21일에서 27일까지 6예로 나타났고. 28일 이상이 9예로 나타났다. 3) 약진환자의 임상형태는 발진형 발진이 가장 많았으며 그다음은 고정약진, 여드름양 발진, 급성 담마진, 자반, 수포성 발진, 태선양 발진, Stevens-Johnson 증후군, 그리고 AGEP 순으로 나타났다. 4) 약진환자 중 그 원인약제를 살펴보면, 항생제를 포함한 항균제가 22예로 가장 많았고, 다음은 해열진통제, 종합 감기약. 중추신경억제제, 항결핵제 순이었다. 5) 검사실 소견에서는 백혈구 증다증이 22.5%, 백혈구 감소증이 5.6%, 호산구 증다증이 14.5%, 비정상적인 SGOT/SGPT가 11.4%, 비정상적인 IgE수치는 8.3%였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 입원환자 및 외래환자를 대상으로 약진의 임상양상 및 의심되는 유발 약물에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 이전의 연구와 비교해 볼 때 연령 분포, 약진의 임상형태, 잠복기, 원인약제의 순서는 유사하거나 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 우리나라는 의사의 처방없이 약물을 남용, 오용하는 경향이 크고, 여러 가지 약물을 동시에 투여하는 경우도 많으며, 구성성분을 알 수 없는 한약제의 사용이 빈번하므로 약물을 처방하는데 있어서 이에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. Objectives and Method : This study attempts to evaluate the clinical manifestations and causative drugs of drug eruptions at Ewha Womans University Tongdaemun Hospital by retrospective study of outpatients, inpatients and consulted patients(number : 121, duration : 1994. 1 - 1999. 5). Results : 1) Most drug eruptions occurred in patients at the age of 20 - 39 years old. 2) The cutaneous manifestations of drug eruptions in the order of frequency were as follows : exanthematous eruption, fixed drug eruption, acneiform eruption, purpura, urticaria, bullous eruption, lichenoid eruption, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and acute generalized exanthemic pustulosis. 3) Drug eruption developed most frequently from 24 hours to 3 days of drug intake. 4) Most common causative drugs were antibiotics, followed by antipyretics and analgesics. 5) Laboratory abnormalities were leukocytosis(22.5%), eosinophilia(14.5%), abnormal AST/ALT(11.4%), abnormal IgE titer(8.3%), and leukopenia(5.6%). Conclusion : The most frequent clinical feature of the drug eruption were exanthematous in nature and the most common causative drugs were antibiotics, as suspected. Since too many patients take various unidentified drugs at drug stores in Korea, physicians need to exercise special care in prescribing drugs and evaluating patients with drug eruption.