Original Article : Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

( Ji Yeon Son ),( Yoon Jong Kang ),( Kyeong Seok Kim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Sung Kwang Lim ),( Hyun Jung Lim ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ),( Dal Woong Choi ),( Kyu Hyuck Chung ),( Byung Mu Lee ),( Hyung Sik Ki 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

치과 기공사들에게서 나타나는 호흡기 증상과 이의 관련 요인

김웅철,오세윤,김지환,김진완,이준석,이가영,이세훈,유진호,김태석 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2001 保健科學論集 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate subjective respiratory symptoms and their attributable factors in Korean dental laboratory technicians. A questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected 1,900 dental laboratory technicians. Among them, 1,344 dental technicians completed the questionnaires and returmned them. Validity and reliability tests on the questionnaires were carried out before the main survey. To investigate risk factors on respiratory subjective symptoms, we performed analysis on distribution of characteristics, and then investigated univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of wheezing, cough and phlegm, and dyspnea was 4.8%, 33.9%, 54.9%, respectively. Statistically significant factors inducing subjective respiratory symptoms by multiple logistic regression analysis were sex, smoking, exercise, health examination, work hours a day, investment gas, investment dust, metal fume, resin vapor, and asbestos dust. Considering the results above, it seems that most subjective respiratory symptoms are related with health habits and occupational environmental-related factors. The result, consideration in mind, suggest that health promotion programs for smoking cessation, regular health examination, and physical exercise in health habit, and improvement on casting and resin work in dental technological environment be necessary.

Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Ji Yeon Son,Yoon Jong Kang,Kyeong Seok Kim,Tae Hyung Kim,Sung Kwang Lim,Hyun Jung Lim,Tae Cheon Jeong,Dal Woong Choi,Kyu Hyuck Chung,Byung Mu Lee,Hyung Sik Kim 한국독성학회 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Son, Ji Yeon,Kang, Yoon Jong,Kim, Kyeong Seok,Kim, Tae Hyung,Lim, Sung Kwang,Lim, Hyun Jung,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Choi, Dal Woong,Chung, Kyu Hyuck,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

Gray 사상을 이용한 이진 낮은 상관구역 수열군의 생성법

장지웅(Ji-Woong Jang),김영식(Young-Sik Kim),임대운(Dae-Woon Lim) 한국통신학회 2009 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.34 No.2C

본 논문에서는 이진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군의 새로운 생성법을 제안한다. 새로운 수열군은 Kim과 Jang, No, Chung이 제안한 4진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군에 Gray 사상을 적용하여 생성한다. 새로 생성된 이진 수열군의 주기는 생성에 사용한 4진 수열군의 주기의 2배이며, 낮은 상관구역 내 상관 값의 최대 크기 및 수열군의 크기는 생성에 사용한 수열군의 그것의 2배가 된다. 그러나 낮은 상관 구역의 크기는 그대로 유지된다. 생성에 사용한 4진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군의 최적인 경우 새로 생성된 이진 수열군은 높은 확률로 최적의 수열군이 된다. In this paper, we propose a new construction method of binary low correlation zone (LCZ) sequence set. New construction method applies Gray mapping to conventional quaternary LCZ sequence set that has specific property. The period of new binary sequence set is twice as that of used sequence set in construction, and maximum magnitude of correlation value within the LCZ and cardinality of new set is also twice as those of used quaternary sequence set. But the LCZ size is the same with that of used sequence set. If the used quaternary sequence set is optimal, the constructed binary sequence set is optimal with high probability.

악안면 골격 형태에 따른 교합평면각의 변화에 관한 두부 방사선학적 연구

오세윤,김웅철,김지환,이준석,김진완,유진호,김태석 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1999 保健科學論集 Vol.25 No.1

A correlation analysis was made to understand the interaction between the growth patterns of some craniofacial skeletal components and occlusal plane inclination. 5 angular measurements(S.a. Ar.a, Go.a, UGo.a, LGo.a), 6 linear measurements(ACBL, PCBL, RH. MBL. AFH. PFH) and OP/SN. obtained from 83 cephalometric tracing records, were selected and the relationship between the occlusal plane angle and those measurements were analyzed statistically. Ramus Height(r=-0.55), Posterior Facial Height(r=-0.41), were found to be negatively related with Occlusal Plane angle, while Lower Gonial angle(r= 0.35), Saddle angle(r= 0.24) were found to be positively related with Occlusal Plane angle(p(0.05). The results obtained from the above analysis were further assessed with stepwise regression analysis, using Occlusal Plane angle as a dependant variable, and RH, LGo.a and S.a as explanatory variables. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that all the explanatory variables were found to be significant.(p<0.05) [OP/SN] = -8.74-0.33(RH)+0.23(S.a)+0.20(LGo.a). (R²=0.44). This stepwise regression analysis explains, to some extent, the relationship between the growth patterns of some craniofacial skeletal components and the occlusal plane inclination. 1. The inclination of Occlusal Plane angle is noticeably related with the growth patterns of some craniofacial skeletal components, i.e. RH, PFH, Saddle angle and Lower Gonial angle 2. In high Occlusal Plane angle, the Ram us Height tends to be shorter, and the Saddle angle and Lower Gonial angle tend to be obtuse.

PCR 기법을 이용한 한국재래산양 β-casein 유전자의 특성

김지애,류승희,유성란,이준헌,서길웅,김선균,상병찬 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 한국 재래 산양 112두와 유산양인 Saanen종 7두의 혈액으로부터 genomic DNA를 추출하고, PCR-RFLP 방법에 의해 β-casein 유전자의 특성을 분석하여 한국재래산양의 효율적인 유전자원의 보전 및 개량을 위한 기초 자료로 제공하고자 실시하였다. 한국재래산양의 genomic DNA로부터 PCR기법을 이용하여 β-casein의 유전자좌를 증폭한 결과 각각 481bp 크기의 단편이 양호하게 증폭되었음을 확인하였다. β-casein 유전자좌의 증폭산물에 대한 Bal Ⅰ의 제한효소를 처리한 결과, β-casein AB형은 481bp, 284bp 및 197bp의 단편을, 그리고 BB형은 284BP와 197BP의 단편을 한국재래산양과 유산양인 Saanen 종에서 확인 할 수 있었다, 유전자형 빈도에 있어서는 한국재래산양에서 β-casein AB 및 BB의 빈도는 각각 6.25 및 93.75%이었고, 유산양인 Saanen 종은 각각 57.14 및 42.86%이었다. 유전자빈도에 있어서는 한국재래산양의 β-casein A 및 B의 빈도가 각각 0.031 및 0.969이었고, Saanen 종에서는 각각 0.286 및 0.714의 빈도를 보였다 한국재래산양의 β-casein 유전자의 염기서열과 이미 보고되어 있는 goat의 염기서열(GeneBank accession Number M90556)간에는 총 11개의 염기서열에 차이를 나타내어 97.71%의 상동성을 보였다, 따라서 한국재래산양의 β-casein 유전자의 다형성과 염기서열 분석에 의한 분자유전학적 특성의 규명은 한국재래산양의 유전자원의 보전 및 개량을 위한 기초 및 응용 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to provide the basic data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources according to finding genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic characteristics of β-casein gene in Korean Native goat and Saanen using the PCR-RFLP. This study confirmed the amplified products of 481bp fragments obtained from the amplification of β-casein loci by PCR. The β-casein AB genotype showed 481, 284 and 197bp, and β-casein BB genotype showed 284 and 197bp fragments in Korean Native goat and Saanen. The frequencies of β-casein genotype in Korean Native goat were 6.25 and 93.75% for AA and AB and the frequencies of β-casein genotype in Saanen were 57.14 and 42.86% for AA and AB types. The frequencies of β-casein A and B alleles were 0.031 and 0.969 in Korean Native goat and the frequencies of β-casein A and B alleles are 0.286 and 0.714 in Saanen, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of β-casein gene of Korean Native goat was 97.71% higher homology with 11 nucleotide sequences difference of that of goat reported in GeneBank (M90556). Therefore, this study of molecular genetic characteristics by the analysis of genetic polymorphism and sequencing for β-casein gene should be used as basic and applying data for preservation and improvement of genetic resources in Korean Native goat breeding.

단체급식소에서 이용되는 식재료의 전처리시 소독방법에 따른 품질 연구(Ⅰ)

김혜영,고성희,정진웅,김지영,임양이 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study was to estimate the microbial quality of some raw vegetables, and suggest a safer method for their sanitization and pre-preparation in foodservice operations. Baechu-geotjeori was monitored from the ingredient to the final product, during different holding temperature. Three sanitization methods were performed during the pre-preparation (tap water, chlorine water and electrolyzed water). The largest reduction in the microbial counts was shown with the electrolyzed water pre-preparation (after treatment; the total plate counts decreased to 3.34-4.06 Log CFU/g, coliform counts decreased to 1.40-1.45 CFU/g). Prior to immersion in the chlorine water, washing was first performed to see if the was a larger effective reduction in the microbial counts.

재래시장 환경개선사업과 아케이드 도입 실태조사 연구

김광호,김태연,노지웅,김병선 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

To activate traditional markets under deterioration, Korean government have carried out the environmental renewal policy of the traditional market including the induction of arcades. The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information on the design standard of arcade in the traditional markets by 1) analyzing the present condition and the environmental renewal policy of traditional market and grasping the tendency of renewal policy, 2) classifying the street markets into 5 types and finding the street market type that often applied the arcade and 3) selecting two traditional markets that had arcades and investigating the actual condition by the questionnaire to merchants. As a result of the study, the arcades will be introduced for improving the environment of 11 traditional markets that have the streets(width 6m·12m) and many 2-story buildings. And the merchants thought fire safety problem and thermal environment to be important.

전이성 신세포암 환자에서의 IFN-α와 5-FU를 이용한 복합 면역 화학 요법

김세웅,이지열,장광식,박왕진,정호석,조용현,윤문수 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

목적 : 전이성 신세포암의 경우 일반적으로 항암 화학요법, 방사선 치료 그리고 호르몬 치료 등의 다양한 치료 방법에도 불구하고 그 치료 성적이 불량하며 최근 진행된 전이성 신세포암이 치료에 사용되고 있는 면역요법과 면역화학요법의 치료 효과에 대한 많은 논란이 있다. 이에 저자들은 전이성 신세포암 환자들을 대상으로 시행한 interferon-α와 5-fluorouracil의 병용투여에 대한 면역화학요법의 치료 성적, 추적관찰 결과 및 부작용의 발현정도를 확인하여 그 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 2000년 2월까지 가톨릭 대학 부속 성모 병원에서 치료를 받았던 진행성, 전이성 신세포암 환자들 중 interferon-α와 5-fluorourcail의 복합면역화학요법을 시행 받고 추적관찰이 가능했던 총 17명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자들에 대해 28일을 주기로 5-fluorouracil 750㎎/㎡(Body surface area)을 5일간 지속성 정맥 주사로 투여한 후 주 3회 interferon-α 300만 unit를 4주간 피하 주사하였다. 이들에 대해 8주마다 전산화 단층촬영, 동위원소 골주사, 흉부단순 촬영 등의 영상 진단을 통한 정기적인 추적 관찰을 시행하고 이들의 치료 성적, 추적관찰 결과 및 부작용 등에 대해 알아보았다. 결과 : Interferon-α와 5-Fluorouracil의 복합면역화학요법을 이용한 전체 17명의 전이성 신세포 암 환자의 경우 반응율은 완전관해는 없었으나 부분관해를 보인 경우가 2명(11.8%), 안정상태 유지는 6명(35.3%)이었다. 폐전이의 경우 복합면역화학요법에 대해 비교적 좋은 반응을 기대할 수 있었으며 이들의 생존 기간의 중앙값은 13.8개월이었다. 거의 모든 환자에서 미열을 동반한 전신 증상과 전신 쇠약감을 관찰 할 수 있었고 그 밖에 오심, 구토 및 설사 등의 소화기 증상과 두통 등의 경미한 부작용을 일부 환자에서 관찰할 수 있었으나 백혈구 감소증, 혈소판 감소증과 간기능 이상 등의 심각한 부작용을 보인 경우는 극히 적었다. 결론 : 전이성 신세포암은 비교적 그 예후가 불량하며 동시에 효과적인 치료 방법이 명확히 알려지지 않은 상태이다. 이러한 전이성 신세포암의 치료에 대한 interferon-α와 5-fluorouracil의 복합면역화학요법은 다른 종양의 치료에 비해 비교적 낮은 반응률과 고비용이 문제점으로 생각되나 비교적 부작용이 적은 안전한 치료 방법이므로 전이상 신세포암 환자에 있어 시행해 볼 가치가 있는 치료 방법의 하나로 사료된다. Background : Renal cell carcinoma is relatively resistant to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated and verified the efficacy and toxicity of therapies using interferon-α plus 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods : A total of 17 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with interferon-α (3 million units/day. 3 times/week) subcutaneously plus 5-fluorouracil (750㎎/㎡ /day for 5 days) intravenously every 28 days from March 1995 to February 2000. We studied the response rate and the side effects of this regimen. Results : Among 17 patients treated with interferon-a plus 5-fluorouracil, 2 patient with lung metastasis was achieved partial remission (11.8%) and 3 patient with lymph node metastasis, 2 patients with lung metastasis and I patient with lung and bone metastases were achieved stable disease (35.3%). I and 5 year survival rates and median survival duration were 55%, 7% and 13.8 months, respectively. There were only mild to moderate side effects. The most common side effects were flu-like symptom such as fever, chill and malaise followed by gastrointestinal symptom such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, headache. High grade toxicities such as severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were rare. Conclusion : Immunochemotherapy using interferon-α plus 5-fluorouracil were moderately effective with modest toxicity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The most favorable response can be expected in lung metastasis. Most of side effects were tolerable. The effective therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma should be studied and evaluated by further large randomized trials.