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The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults
Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3
Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.
스프라인 函數를 이용한 需要豫測의 精度 向上에 關한 分析
김진수,박종헌 大田産業大學校 1996 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.0201
Of course, considering that the errors could be happend in decision-making in spite of using the multiple regression model, the method to promote the coefficient of determination by including the qualitative variable in adapted. To do this, after testing whether or not the residuals are autocorrelated, using Durbin-Watson dstatistic, it is possible to forecast the more reliable demand amount deriving the spline function.
김장환,신헌석 한국전문물리치료학회 2001 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.3
The purpose of this study was to compare the static pressure, dynamic pressure, dynamic pressure-time integral, relative impulse, and contact time between the sound lower limb and amputated lower limb in trans-tibial amputee subjects using Parotec system. Seventeen trans-tibial amputee subjects wearing endoskeletal trans-tibial prosthesis voluntarily participated in this study. The results were as follows: 1) In static standing condition, there were significantly higher static pressure in sound lower limb insole sensor of 10, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 9, 12, and 16 (p<.05). 2) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher dynamic pressure in sound lower limb insole sensor of 2, 18, 22, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 16 (p<.05), 3) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher pressure-time integral in sound lower limb insole sensor of 2, 4, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 11, 12, and 15 (p<.05). 4) In dynamic gait condition, there were significantly higher relative impulse in sound lower limb insole sensor of 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24 and in amputated lower limb insole sensor of 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15 (p<.05). 5) In dynamic gait condition, there was significantly higher percentage of contact time in push off phase of sound lower limb and in support phase of amputated lower limb (p<.05). These results suggest that trans-tibial amputee subjects had characteristics of shortened push off phase due to unutilized forefoot and of lengthened support Phase with higher pressure in the midfoot.
알콕시글리세롤 복용이 IL-12와 INF-γ, 그리고 TNF-α의 발현에 미치는 변화
김용대,김헌,홍장수 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2009 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.18 No.2
Purpose: It is known that alkoxyglycerol can affect immune function in human. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled human intervention study involving 69 healthy volunteers (23 men and 46 women) was performed to investigate the effect of alkoxyglycerol on the IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression in human. Materials and Methods: Volunteers were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups, one receiving an alkoxyglycerol (13.5 g/day) and the other a placebo orally for 10 weeks. IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were evaluated before and after 10-week alkoxyglycerol intake. Results: Sixty subjects were finally succeeded in 10 weeks courses. The changes of expression levels of IL-12, INF-γ, and TNF-α were not statistically significant between alkoxyglycerol and placebo groups. Conclusion: This result suggests that administration of alkoxyglycerol intake may not affect the expressions of IL-12, INF-γ, and TNF-α in human. Further study needs to evaluate the other immunological markers. 연구목적: 알콕시글리세롤은 다양한 경로를 통하여 면역력 향상에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으나 아직까지 인체 시험을 통해 cytokine의 발현과의 관련성을 평가한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구는 알콕시글리세롤의 복용이 IL-12, INF-γ, TNF-α의 발현에 미치는 영향을 인체 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대상자는 알콕시글리세롤 복용군 34명과 위약 복용군 35명이었으며 총 10주간 알콕시글리세롤 및 대조식품을 하루 1 병(6.75g)씩 2회, 총 2 병 (13.5g/일)을 매일 경구 복용하도록 하였다. 대상자들로부터 정맥혈을 채취하여 IL-12, INF-γ, TNF-α의 발현을 측정하고 복용에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 연구 종료시까지 중도 탈락한 대상자는 모두 9명이었으나 탈락자의 비율에 대한 군간 차이는 관찰되지 않았고, 알콕시글리세롤 복용에 의한 중대한 이상반응도 관찰되지 않았다. 알콕시글리세롤 복용 전후의 차이에 대한 두 군의 평균치 분석에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 측정한 3가지의 지표 중에서 알콕시글리세롤 복용군에서만 증가되었거나 10주간의 변화량이 양군에서 유의하게 차이를 보인 경우는 없었다. 결론: 본 연구는 건강한 일반인을 대상으로 알콕시글리세롤에 의한 면역학적 변화를 평가했다는 점에서 의의가 크다고 할 수 있으나, 10주간의 알콕시글리세롤 복용이 IL-12, INF-γ, TNF-α의 발현에는 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 면역력에 대한 다양한 지표들을 대상으로 증강효과를 판단하는 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
폐쇄성 황달로 내원한 담관내 증식을 동반한 간세포암 1예
김승범,김태년,이호찬,박재현,은종렬,장병익,이헌주,윤성수,배영경 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice is 0.7 -9% The mechanisms of obstructive jaundice include bile duct invasion by tumor, tumor thrombi, blood clots, direct bile duct compression by tumor, and intraductal tumor growth. We report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal growth A 46-year-o1d woman was admitted due to colicky right upper abdominal pain and jaundice for 4 days Computed tomography showed dilatation of the left intrahepatic duct, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed a filhng defect in the left main intrahepatic duct. We performed a left lobectomy with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The tumor was diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal growth.
김종만,박장성,김원호,신헌석,김연중 한국전문물리치료학회 2000 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1
Despite research to treat delayed onse muscle soreness(DOMS), no effective treatment has been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a hold-relax technique and cryotherapy on DOMS. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, hold-relax technique, or hold-relax technique and cryotherapy. DOMS was induced in the non-dominant biceps muscle through repeated eccentric contractions. Resting elbow joint position, flexion and extension(universal goniometer), pain(Visual Analogue Scale; VAS), and WBC count(blood analysis) were measured one hour before DOMS was induced and 24, 48, and 72 hours after DOMS was induced. The data were analyzed by repeated measure of two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to resting elbow joint position, there were significant differences over time, especially at 24, 48 hours after DOMS was induced compared with resting elbow joint position before DOMS was induced. 2) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to range of flexion, there were significant differences between rage of flexion before DOMS was induced and range of flexion 72 hours after DOMS was induced. 2) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to range of extension. 4) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to VAS, there were significant differences over time in different hours. 5) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to WBC count. 6) There were no interactions between groups or over time in all variables. This results suggested that hold-relax technique and cryotherapy were not effective to reduce DOMS.
변형된 ZSM-5 제올라이트에서 톨루엔의 메탄올에 의한 알킬화반응
김장희,김헌덕,이태진 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1995 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.1
Vapor phase catalytic alkylation of toluene with methanol over ZSM-5 zeolites and modified ZSM-5 zeolites was extensively investigated. The main product was xylene isomers formed by benzene ring alkylation. However, styrene and ethylbenzene made by side-chain alkylation was not formed over any modified ZSM-5 zeolites. The selectivity of para-xylene was improved by increasing Si/Al ratio, decreasing strong acid sites, and increasing basicity. The yield of xylenes decreased in the catalyst sequence HZSM-5>NaZSM-5>MgO/ZSM-5>KMg ZSM-5. It was thought that the lack of side-chain alkylation correlated with no formation of formaldehyde as key intermediate over any modified ZSM-5 zeolites. The variations of the reaction rate were concluded to be governed mainly by the concentrations of methoxonium ions and adsorbed toluene based on the reaction mechanism. The active sites for xylenes production were concluded to be medium acid sites.