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申東信,朴昶範 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Direct numerical simulation data base of an axial turbulent boundary layer is used to compute frequency and wavenumber spectra of the wall shear-stress fluctuations in a low-Reynolds number axial turbulent boundary layer. One-dimensional and two-dimensional power spectra of flow variables are calculated and compared. At low wave numbers and frequencies, the power of streamwise shear stress is larger than that of spanwise shear stress, while the powers of both stresses are almost the same at high wavenumbers and frequencies. The frequency/streamwise wavenumber spectra of the wall flow variables show that large-scale fluctuations to the rms value is largest for the streamwise shear stress, while that of small-scale fluctuations to the is value is largest for pressure.
국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성
송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6
목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.
Shin, Yern-Hyerk,Beom, Ji Yoon,Chung, Beomkoo,Shin, Yoonho,Byun, Woong Sub,Moon, Kyuho,Bae, Munhyung,Lee, Sang Kook,Oh, Ki-Bong,Shin, Jongheon,Yoon, Yeo Joon,Oh, Dong-Chan American Chemical Society 2019 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.21 No.6
<P>Bombyxamycins A and B (<B>1</B> and <B>2</B>) were discovered from a silkworm gut <I>Streptomyces</I> bacterium. Spectroscopic analysis and multiple-step chemical derivatization identified them as 26-membered cyclic lactams with polyene features. Bombyxamycin A showed significant antibacterial and antiproliferative effects. The bombyxamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified by genetic analysis. Gene deletion experiments confirmed that the cytochrome P450 BomK is responsible for the generation of <B>2</B>, which unprecedentedly bears tetrahydrofuran in its macrocyclic ring.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Shin, Beom Soo,Yoo, Sun Dong,Kim, Tae Hwan,Bulitta, Jurgen B.,Landersdorfer, Cornelia B.,Shin, Jeong Cheol,Choi, Jin Ho,Weon, Kwon-Yeon,Joo, Sang Hoon,Shin, Soyoung American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2014 Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fa Vol.42 No.6
<P>Apicidin, a potential oral chemotherapeutic agent, possesses potent anti-histone-deacetylase activity. After oral administration, the total bioavailability of apicidin is known to be low (14.2%–19.3%). In the present study, we evaluated the factors contributing to the low bioavailability of apicidin by means of quantitative determination of absorption fraction and first-pass metabolism after oral administration. Apicidin was given to rats by five different routes: into the femoral vein, duodenum, superior mesenteric artery, portal vein, and carotid artery. Especially, the fraction absorbed (<I>F</I><SUB>X</SUB>) and the fraction that is not metabolized in the gut wall (<I>F</I><SUB>G</SUB>) were separated by injection of apicidin via superior mesenteric artery, which enables bypassing the permeability barrier. The <I>F</I><SUB>X</SUB> was 45.9% ± 9.7%, the <I>F</I><SUB>G</SUB> was 70.9% ± 8.1% and the hepatic bioavailability (<I>F</I><SUB>H</SUB>) was 70.6% ± 12.3%, while the pulmonary first-pass metabolism was minimal (<I>F</I><SUB>L</SUB> = 102.8% ± 7.4%), indicating that intestinal absorption was the rate-determining step for oral absorption of apicidin. The low <I>F</I><SUB>X</SUB> was further examined in terms of passive diffusion and transporter-mediated efflux by in vitro immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatographic assay and in situ single-pass perfusion method, respectively. Although the passive diffusion potential of apicidin was high (98.01%) by the IAM assay, the in situ permeability was significantly enhanced by the presence of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor elacrider. These data suggest that the low bioavailability of apicidin was mainly attributed to the P-gp efflux consistent with the limited <I>F</I><SUB>X</SUB> measured in vivo experiment.</P>
Design of a Tag Antenna for UHF RFID Food Systems
Dong-Beom Shin,Jung Nam Lee,Heyung-Sub Lee,Sang-Yeoun Lee,Byeong-Sam Kim 한국전자파학회JEES 2013 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.13 No.4
This paper proposes a tag antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) food system. The RFID tag antenna is designed and fabricated based on the rectangular loop concept used in the UHF band (Korean and Japanese standards, 916.7 923.5MHz). The proposed tag antenna is composed of a radiation patch, sensor tag chip, temperature sensor, oscillator, and battery. We conjugated matching between the tag antenna and the sensor tag using a U-shaped stub. Details of the proposed tag antenna design and the simulated and measured results are presented and discussed.