국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

Current Status of the Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) Aquaculture and Perkinsus Disease in Korea

Choi, Kwang-Sik 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 Vol.2000 No.1

The Manila clam (=short neck clam) Ruditapes philippinarum is one of the most important marine shellfish resources supporting Korean fisheries industry. Perkinsus sp, a protozoan parasite new to Korean water is considered to be one of the agent responsible for the recent decline in clam landing observed in Korea. The present study reports life cycle, diagnostic methods and temporal distribution of Perkinsus sp. in Korean water. Ray's RFTM and Choi's NaOH techniques were successfully applied in the examination of Perkinsus infection among the clams. Two to three days after incubation in FTM, hypnospores were enlarged up to 70㎛ and stained as dark blue in Rugol's iodine. Hypnospores incubated in aerated seawater discharged biflagellate zoospores two to three days after incubation at 25℃ Microscopic feature of trophozoites, and zoospores indicated that, Perkinsus sp found in Korea is very closely related to Perkinsus atlanticus found in the Mediterranean Sea. Infection intensity and prevalence of clams collected from twenty-two sampling sites along the west, south and east coasted revealed that almost all clams in the west and south coast infected with Perkinsus sp. while none of the clams in the east infected. It was believed that food level, temperature and salinity were deeply involved in spatial distribution of infection intensity and prevalence of Perkinsus sp.

제주도 바지락에 기생하는 바지락포자충 , Perkinsus sp. 의 공간적 분포 및 조직학적 관찰

최광식(Kwang Sik Choi),박경일(Kyung Il Park) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

N/A The apicomplexan parasite, Perkinsus sp., has been reported as a causative pathogen responsible for the mass mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum in European countries as well as in Korea. Prevalence, infection intensity, histopathologic features and zoosporulation of Perkinsus found in the Manila clams distributed along the coast of Cheju Island were investigated in this study. Clams were collected from nine different beaches along the Cheju Island from May to July in 2000. Ray`s Fluid Thioglycollate Medium(RFTM) and Choi`s NaOH lysis methods were applied in the diagnosis and quantification of the Perkinsus infection. Prevalence, percentage infection of the parasite examined was 100% in Pyosun, 70% in Sungsan, 63% in Kumneong, 33% in Jongdalri, 21% in Iho, 17% in Moslpo, and 14% in Seogwipo. No Perkinsus was found in the clams collected from Kimnyong and Yongmeo-ri. Infection intensity as a number of Perkinsus cells per gram tissue wet weight(twwt), was 98,430 cells/g twwt in Pyosun, 78,553 cells/g twwt in Sungsan, 18,980 cells/g twwt in Kumneong, 4,290 cells/g twwt in Jongdalri, 1,527 cells/g twwt in Iho, 1,069 cells/g twwt in Moslpo, and 853 cells/g twwt in Seogwipo. Histological preparation of the infected tissues revealed trophozoites of Perkinsus sp., ranged from 5 to 10㎛, in diameter mostly distibuted in the digestive gland and the gill filaments. Zoospores were discharged from the hypnospore via discharging tube about 2 days after incubated in filtered and aerated seawater. In general, the prevalence and infection intensity of Perkinsus in Cheju Island were much lower than that reported from the western and southern coast of Korea.

Current Status of the Manila Clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) Aquaculture and Perkinsus Disease in Korea

최광식(Kwang Sik Choi) 한국조류학회 2000 국제심포지움 일정 및 발표논문집 - 21세기, 해양환경과 해양생물자원의 전망 Vol.- No.-

The Manila clam (=short neck clam) Ruditapes philippinarum is one of the most important marine shellfish resources supporting Korean fisheries industry. Perkinsus sp, a protozoan parasite new to Korean water is considered to be one of the agent responsible for the recent decline in clam landing observed in Korea. The present study reports life cycle, diagnostic methods and temporal distribution of Perkinsus sp. in Korean water. Ray`s RFTM and Choi`s NaOH techniques were successfully applied in the examination of Perkinsus infection among the clams. Two to three days after incubation in FTM, hypnospores were enlarged up to 70㎛ and stained as dark blue in Rugol`s iodine. Hypnospores incubated in aerated seawater discharged biflagellate zoospores two to three days after incubation at 25℃ Microscopic feature of trophozoites, and zoospores indicated that, Perkinsus sp found in Korea is very closely related to Perkinsus atlanticus found in the Mediterranean Sea. Infection intensity and prevalence of clams collected from twenty-two sampling sites along the west, south and east coasted revealed that almost all clams in the west and south coast infected with Perkinsus sp. while none of the clams in the east infected. It was believed that food level, temperature and salinity were deeply involved in spatial distribution of infection intensity and prevalence of Perkinsus sp.

다양한 함불소가스들의 고비점 용매에 관한 용해도 측정 및 엑막에 의한 분리

최평호,이상학,김철웅,김범식,김광주,이정민,박인준 한국공업화학회 2002 응용화학 Vol.6 No.2

The solubility of various fluoro-gases in high boiling-point solvents, n-Cnh_2n+_1OH(6<n<10)and ionic liquids(+ ions: 1-Buty 1-3-methy1-imidazolium, 1-Ethy1-3-methy1-imidazolium, - ions:BF_4, PF_6, S_6F_6, F_6O_4S_6) were measured at temperatures from 0 to 30℃, at total pressures up to 4 bat Solubility increased significantly with the decrease of n in n-Cn_2N+OH and showed no such a difference in the types of ionic liquids, Especially, the solubility of R22 gas in these solvents increases rapidly with increases in pressure and decreases in temperature, whereas other fluoro-gases were showed a little solubility Liquid-supported membranes were prepared with these solvents and polymer matrix and were applied to the separation of fluoro-gases including R22 gas. A high permeability and selectivity were exhibited in R22 gas against other fluoro-gases.

서귀포주변 조하대의 대형패류에 관하여

최광식 제주대학교 해양연구소 1996 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.20 No.-

레이저 형광법에 의한 프로세싱 플라즈마중의 입자 계측에 관한 연구

최상태,이광식,하장호,전용우,박원주 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1998 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.26 No.2

Armorphous materials have various structures that is determined by different manufacturing conditions. That is, the photoelectric characteristics of films manufactured by different conditions are totally different. The growth mechanism of a-Si should be understood in order to controll the characteristics and structures of these kinds of materials. In this study, we try to elucidate the particle behaviours in a processing plasma using a low pressure glow discharge. And because of difficulties understanding discharge mechanism, we have done the processing so far depending on the experimental methods that compare the thin film produced by varing discharge parameter with the results of micromachinary. But, this has a limitation in the development because it regards the plasma as a blackbox. Therefore, because it needs to observe the discharge parameters and plasma background gas systematically, we try make sure that the particle behaviours be made clean by using laser fluorescence method which is predominant in a phenomina measurement and special resolution.

농업재해관리를 위한 지리정보시스템의 활용

최진용,윤광식 공주대학교 방재연구센터 1998 공주대학교 방재연구센터 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Occurrence of agricultural disasters such as drought and flood is increasing due to erratic global weather conditions. Geographic Information System (GIS) is efficient tool for spatial analysis and utilized for develoment of agricultural disaster management systems systems which enhance understanding of severity and restoration of damage by disasters. In this paper, characteristics of several agricultural disaster are reviewed and examples of GIS applicaition for disaster. Preparedness and management systems of Korea and other countries are introduced.

성인의 경부 전면 중앙부위에서 발생한 기형종 1예

최월용,정효진,채종인,하태인,정상렬,이광재,채병도,최영식 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Teratomas are embryonal neoplasms that show characteristics of three germ cell layers(ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). They are distributed in the following regions: sacrococcygeal(57%), gonadal(29%), mediastinal(7%), cervical(3%), retroperitoneal(4%), and intracranial(3%) regions. Non-gonadal treatomas present in infancy whereas gonadal are seen in adolescence. Especially, teratomas that occurred in midline neck of adult are very rare and are confused with thyroglossal duct cysts, cystic hygromas, and thyroid tumors. We report, along with the review of appropriate literature, a case of histopathologically confirmed benign teratoma in the midline neck of a 33 years old woman.

2-Methylisoborneol(2-MIB)제거를 위한 산화 및 흡착공정의 특성

최근주,김상구,류동춘,신판세,손인식,오광중 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

One of the Musty and earthy smell compounds in raw water is generally attributed to 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). It is well known that activated carbon and oxidants such as O_3, ClO_2 are effective ways to control 2-MIB. In isotherm equilibrium experiments, 2-MIB in distilled water was much more adsorbed to the activated carbon(A/C) than raw water containing dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The Freundlich constants(k) of distilled water and raw water were 3.36 and 0.049, and 1/n values were 0.80 and 0.42, respectively. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = e^(0.55_x)~ e^(-0.54_x) with Ozone(O_3) dose by 5 minutes contact time at the 241 and 353 ng/L initial concentrations. The 2-MIB residual rate were Y = e^(-0.32_X)~ e^(-0.35_X) with Chlorine dioxide(ClO_2) dose by 15 minutes contact time at the 89 and 249 ng/L initial concentrations. 2-MIB was decreased from 1911 ng/L to 569ng/L by post-ozonation(70%removal efficiency) and removal efficiencies of 2-MIB by the following 4 kinds Granular Activated Carbon(GAC) process such as coal base, coconut base, wood base and zeolite+carbon base were 95.8, 89.5, 88.4, and 93.7% respectively.