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시비방법별 벼 재배에 따른 전과정평가 방법을 적용한 환경영향 평가
신중두,임동규,김건엽,박문희,고문환,엄기철 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Consoli가 설명한 것처럼 전과정평가의 개념 및 일반적인 정의에 따르면, 전과정평가는농업생산에 관련된 환경영향을 평가하는데 부합하는 방법이라고 생각되며, 특별히 전과정 평가방법인 Eco-indicator 95는 농업 체재에 대한 환경영향을 분석하는데 적절한 기법인 것으로 입정되었다. Eco-indicator 95 method를 이용하여 지구온난화 및 수계 부영양화와 관련된 시비체계에 따른 벼 재배에 대해 비교할만한 분석체계를 이루었다. 그렇지만 본 연구에서 전화정평가 항목에 기록된 모든 관련 정보가 환경 영향에 고려되지 않았기 때문에 Eco-indicator 95 method를 농업생산 체계에 적용할 때 몇 가지 난제에 부닥친다. Eco-indicator 95 method에 토양 및 자원의 이용과 같은 몇 몇 중요한 환경적인 문제가 포함되지 않았으며, 이 방법의 다른 문제는 환경 평가를 위하여 현장 정밀연구가 수행되지 않았다는 것이다. 그렇지만 본 연구에서 얻어진 생태지표 지수를 이용하여 벼 재배에 따른 시비방법 간의 차이점을 나타내기에 충분하다고 여겨지며, 가장 높은 생태지표 지수를 나타낸 화학비료를 시용한 구에서 가장 큰 환경영향이 관측되었고, 이러한 차이점은 주로 화학비료 투입에 의한 토양중의 높은 인산 함량의 축적 때문인 것으로 여겨진다. 분석한 시비체재는 특별히 지구온난화 보다는 수계의 부영양화의 환경적인 문제에 기여되는 것으로 나타났으므로 질소 시용비율 및 시용기술 이외에 액비 시용에 따른 양분 용탈이 수계 환경에 명확히 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The suitability of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyze'the environmental impact of rice cultivation with different fertilizing systems is investigated. The first part of an LCA is an inventory of parameters used and emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment, the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the total environmental burden. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact assessment method. The resulting index is called Ec -Indicator value. The higher the Eco-indicator value the stronger is the total environmental impact of an analyzed few system. The rice field experiment conducted in middle parts of korea was chosen as an example for the life cycle impact analysis. In this experiment the treatments were consisted of none fertilizer plot (NF), standard fertilizer plot (SF) applied chemical fertilizers based on soil chemical analysis before rice transplan ing, and efflux fertilized plot (EF) applied with pig wastes fermented as the same rates of SF plot as basis on total nitrogen content. The obtained Eco-indicator values were clearly different among the treatments in the rice trial. The total Eco-Indicator values for SF and EF have been observed 58 and 38% relative to the NF, respectively. For all the treatments the environmental effects of eutrophication contributed most to the total Eco-indicator value. The results appeared that the LCA methodology is basically suitable to assess the environmental impact associated with different fertilizer applications for rice cultivation. A comparative analysis of the fertilizing system's contribution to global warming and eutrophication is possible.
수열합성법에 의한 제조된 MCM-41에 담지된 4급암모늄염 촉매를 이용한 페녹시메틸에틸렌 카보네이트의 합성
신동환,유병수,이화수,박대원 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1
In the present study, the synthesis of phenoxy methyl ethylene carbonate (PMEC) from carbon dioxide and phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE) was investingated using mesoporous chloropropyl-methyl-MCM-41-supported quaternary ammonium salt catalysts. The influence of the amounl of modifier and quaternary ammonium salt structure on the conversion of PGE was discussed. The MCM-41-immobilized quaternary ammonium salts showed good catalytic activity even at the atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide, and it could be reused with easy seperation.
신승수,신동화,지홍일,최승권,조용환 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2002 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.16 No.1
The Binary Scheduling Wheel(BSW) algorithm was proposed to carry on manage buffer efficiently at implementing of WRR scheduler. But, BSW algorithm cause serous performance degradation of cell delay and maximum queue length because it allocates more weight than the weight allocated actually in VC and could not serve cell if the VC queue is empty. In this paper, we propose new BSW of the old BSW structure. Also, we develop a cell scheduling algorithm which is suitable for the new BSW structure. The proposed BSW structure and the developed algorithm are capable of maintaining the allocated weight of each VC correctly, and decrease average cell delay and average buffer length by serving other VC cell when the selected VC queue is empty, and increase cell service ratio as a whole. The evaluation results show that the proposed structure can implement WRR algorithm more efficiently than the old BSW.
하악골 전돌증 수술 후 하악골 이동량에 따른 발음 양상에 관한 비교 연구
신기영,이동근,오승환,성헌모,이숙향 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.1
After performing mandibular setback surgery, we found some changes in patterns and organs of speech. This investigation was undertaken to investigate the aspect and degree of speech patterns according to the amount of surgical setback in mandibular prognathic patients. Thirteen patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion were studied preoperative and postoperative over 6 months. They had undergone the mandible setback operation via bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO). We split the patients into two groups. Group 1 included patients whose degree of mandibular setback was 6mm or less, and Group 2 above 6mm. Control group was two adults wish normal speech patterns. A phonetician performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sen- tences produced by each of the patients and the acoustic characteristics of the plosives, fricatives, and flaps were analyzed with a phonetic computer program (Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300B(USA) ). The results are as fallows : 1. Genera1ly, Patients showed longer closure duration of plosives, shorter VOT(voice onset time) and higher ratio of closure duration against VOT 2. Patients showed more frequent diffuse distribution than the control group in frication noise energy of fricatives. 3. In fricatives, frequency of compact from were higher in group 1 than in group 2. 4. Generally, a short duraction of closure for /ㄹ/ was not realized in the patient's flaps. Instead, it was realized as fricatives, sonorant with a vowel-like formant structure, or trill type consonant. 5. Abnormality of the patient's articulation was reduced, but adaptation of their articulation after surgery was not perfect and the degree of adaptation was different according to the degree of surgical setback.