국가예방접종전산등록체계 개발을 위한 민간의료 기관 하부구조 및 환경 조사연구

이무식,김은영,이건세,이석구,홍지영,김건엽,김대경,신의철,이연경,기몽서,나백주,김영택 한국모자보건학회 2003 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.7 No.2

도장작업시 유해인자들의 노출수준과 작업환경관리실태

이세기,문덕환,이채관,황용식,선병관,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objectives: For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and assessing the status of exposure level of chemical substances in painting process. Methods and Materials: The author determined the concentration of organic solvents, lead(Pb), Chromium(Cr), and Toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate(TDI) in air of painting process to 90 industries classified by 15 types of manufacturing industry during a period from Jan. 1st 2001 to Dec. 31st 2001. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The geometric mean level of each chemical substance was 0.1706 ppm for exposure index in organic solvents, 0.0019㎎/㎥ for Pb, 0.0024 ㎎/㎥ for Cr, and 0.0004ppm for TDI, respectively. 2. The exposure level of each chemical substances by type of painting was the highest in dipping and brush painting for organic solvent, in spray-painting for TDI, and in spray gun-painting for Pb and Cr, respectively. 3. The exposure level of each chemical substances by type of local ventilation equipment was higher in enclosed and booth type for organic solvents. Cr, and TDI, and in exterior type for Pb, respectively than those of other types. 4. The exposure level of each chemical substances by type of hazardous material arresting media was higher in using water for organic substances, in using bag filter for Pb, TDI, respectively than those of other types. Conclusion: According to above results, this study suggests that the exposure level by type of industry exceeded the exposure level in wooden furniture and metal furniture manufacturing industry for organic solvents and Pb, respectively.

시간축이동법을 이용한 발전기 보수유지계획의 수립에 관한 연구

이동인,김영훈,이광식,도대호 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1993 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The proper resource allocation is a very important topic in power system problems, especially in operation and planning. One of such problems is optimal maintenance in operation and planning. The least cost should be the subject to be pursued in this study. A simulation model of a probablistic operation which is called cumulant method, is applied to the problem of optimal maintenance scheduling. A new technique called time axis shift method is developed. This method is similar to dynamic programming successive approximation.

로봇 매니퓰레이터의 가변구조 제어

이대식 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.2

In this paper, we propose a variable structure control(VSC) algorithm for robot manipulator. The high gain effect of a sliding mode control suppresses the complicated interactions between each joint of a robot arm. The resulting system is completely robust whereas the obtained control law is simple and easy. The proposed VSC algorithm is verified by a few computer simulations, which show good performances.

EEFL 구동을 위한 디지털 인버터

이대식 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2010 情報通信硏究 Vol.7 No.1

디스플레이 장치로서 가장 각광을 받고 있는 TFT-LCD는 자체 발광을 하지 않으므로 추가적인 광원을 요구하고 있다. 이를 BLU(Back light unit)이라 한다. 본 논문에서는 BLU로 사용되는 많은 광원 중 장수명, 고효율 및 고휘도의 특성을 가지는 EEFL에 대하여 다룬다. EEFL은 기존의 CCFL에 비하여 가격, 균일한 휘도 유지 등의 많은 장점을 가지므로 TFT-LCD의 BLU로 채택되어 사용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 EEFL 구동용 인버터는 아날로그 방식을 취하고 있으므로 제어에 있어서 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 EEFL 구동을 위한 디지털 방식의 인버터를 개발하고자 한다. Recently, external electrode fluorescent lamp(EEFL) has been introduced as a BLU for the TFT-LCD. EEFLs have a long lifetime and high efficiency. But EEFLs are operated in a high voltage and high frequency mode because the lamp lightening basically a dielectric barrier discharge. This paper presented the digital inverter for driving the EEFL. The cost of BLU is reduced by the digital inverter to 30[%].

정보화시대의 공동체 : 정보화의 진전과 기업·소비자 관계 변화를 중심으로

이대식,김성국,김영삼,신종국,임정덕,조영복,조정문 釜山大學校 商科大學 2000 釜山商大論集 Vol.71 No.-

In this study, we questioned about the possibility of the formation of the new community like relationship at the market on the contrary to the traditional market relationship. We conjectured that kind of new community like relationship may possibly arise because of wide spread of new information technology at market behavior of both consumer and producer side. Traditional buyer-seller relationship was characterized as an anonymous one-shot relationship, however, recent changes were mainly emphasized the rich mutual interactions from both sides. Producers needs more consumer side informations as well as consumers begin to participate on production side at more organized level. Some theoretical studies predict that more rich social relationship will appear at the market since the adoption and wide spread of new information technology. We assume that main functions and ingredients of the community are first, the coordination mechanism which reduces conflicts among community members and second, functional efficiency which meets the common needs of community and third, communicational rationality which enhances the integrity of community members. We surveyed about 100 small and medium sized firms located at Pusan and Kyung-Nam area in order to find out whether firms have community like relationship with their consumers. We fine that most of firms realize the impotance of consumer networks, however most of firms consider this kind of network as a marketing strategy and a source of product design instead of more community oriented characteristics like mutual trust building and social interactions.

월악산 국립공원 내 서식하는 양서류의 번식지 선호

이정현,박대식 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

The study the use of breeding habits by different amphibian specis in the Woraksan National Park, nine amphibian breeding populations were monitored from March 25 to July 15, 2005. The breeding habits were categorized into the mountain stream, pond , or rice paddy type. On each survey, we counted the number of adults of amphibian species appeared at the breeding sites and alsp recorded the number of egg sacs or clumped egg clutches deosited by Hynobius leechii, Rana huanrenensis, or R. dybowskii. Total 199 adult amohibians of 9 species in 5 families were confired during the study period. Those were H. leechii, onychodactylus fischeri, Karsenia koreana in urodela and R. huanrenensis, R. dybowskii, R. nigromaculata, R. rugosa, Bombina orientalis, and Hyla japonica in anura. The K. koreana was the first report in the Woraksan National Park. In the Park, the most diminant species was R. dybowskii. In the mountain streans, H. leechii and R. huanrenensis were dominant. The peak breeding season based on the appearance of different amphibians in the areas varied and folled in order as H. leechii in March, R. huanrenensis, R. dybowskii in April, R. nigromaculata, B. orientalis, H. japonica in late May, and R. rugosa in early July. our results indicate that the breeding season of different amphibian species is widely spread from early spring to early summer and the preference for a breeding habitat is varilable based on the species.

분사식 주사기를 이용한 소아환자의 국소마취

이재춘,김대업,이광희,김성형,양계식 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

소아치과에서 국소마취는 공포의 대상이며, 특히 행동조절이 힘든 소아의 경우 더욱 그러하다. 국소마취에 대한 공포는 주사침의 자입시나 주사액의 주입시 느끼는 동통 만큼이나 주사침 자체의 공포도 크게 차지한다. 주사침 자입시의 동통을 완화하기 위하여, 도포마취제 등이 개발되었으나 이들은 국소마취의 동통을 완화시키는 면은 있으나 주사침 자체에 대한 공포를 없애지는 못하였다. Syrijet Mark Ⅱ??(Mizzy Inc, USA)는 주사침이 없는 치과용 분사식 주사기(jet injection device)로서 소아에서 주사침에 대한 공포를 성공적으로 감소시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 여러 행동등급의 소아를 대상으로 Syrijet을 사용하여 국소마취를 시행한 후 동통평가의 척도로서 VAS(visual analogue scale)를 소아에게 적합하게 색생화한 CAS(color analogue scale)을 이용하여 국소마취시의 동통수준을 측정한 결과, 기존 주사침에 의한 국소마취시 보다 국소마취의 동통이 감소된 것을 알 수 있었다. Syrijet의 장점으로는 주사침이 없다는 점, 기존의 술식에서 일회용이었던 미취용 카트리지를 재사용할 수 있다는 점, 신경 및 혈관에 안전하다는 점 등이 있었으며, 단점으로 부피가 크며, 가격이 비싸며, 사용시 숙련성을 요구한다는 점 등이 있었다. Local anesthesia procedure in pediatric dentisty using needle-tipped syringes is stressful and painful for the child patients. The Syrijet Mark Ⅱ (Mizzy Inc. USA) is a jet injection instrument, which uses high pressure to propel fluids into soft tissue without the use of a hollow neeldle, so it seems to be able to reduce the injection phobia of the child patients. The authors compared the Syrijet with the conventional syringe by assessing the pain level after local anesthetic procedures using CAS(color analogue scale) which was developed from VAS(visual analogue scale). The result showed that the pain was reduced by the use of syrijet. The advantages of syrijet were no use of neeldes, the reuse of the anesthetic cartridge, and the safety to nerves and vessels. The disadvantages were the large size, the high price, and the need of skill to use.

흰쥐 침샘의 Nitric Oxide Synthase에 관한 면역전자현미경적 연구

이영환,고정식,박대균,박경호 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

산화질소는 생물체내에서 생리적이나 병리학적으로 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 특히 침샘조직에서 침분비작용과 샘혈류 조절에 중요한 인자의 하나로 관여함이 알려져 있다. 산화질소합성효소 (nitric oxide synthase, NOS)는 동위효소로서 내피산화질소합성효소 (endothelial NOS, eNOS), 신경산화질소합성 효소 (neuronal NOS, nNOS)와 유도산화질소합성효소 (inducible NOS, iNOS)가 있으며, 세포내에서 내인성산화질소를 합성한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 산화질소합성효소의 세포내 분포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구는 매우 드물며, 흰쥐 침샘에서의 산화질소생산효소(NOS)에 대한 전자현미경적 연구는 없었다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 NOS의 세포내 분포를 규명하기 위하여 면역전자현미경방법을 이용한 금입자표지법을 시행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. eNOS에 양성 면역반응을 보이는 구조는 침샘의 분비세포 중장액세포에 있는 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립이었으며, 점액분비세포의 점액분비과립에서는 비교적 약한 면역반응성이 관찰되었다. 즉 턱밑샘과 혀밑샘을 구성하고 있는 두 종류의 분비세포 중장액세포의 분비과립에 금입자가 비교적 많이 표지되었으며, 점액세포의 분비과립에서는 적은 수의 금입자가 관찰되었고, 침샘의 소엽속관(intralobular duct)의 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립에서도 금입자가 표지된 것이 관찰되었다. 귀밑샘에서도 장액세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 금입자가 표지되었다. nNOS의 양성 면역반응은 턱밑샘에서 점액세포의 분비과립에서만 약간의 금입자가 관찰되었으며, 턱밑샘, 혀밑샘 및 귀밑샘의 분비세포와 분비관세포에서는 iNOS에 대한 양성 면역반응이 관찰되지 않았다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 산화질소합성효소 중 eNOS는 침샘분비세포의 분비과립에 존재하며, 특히 전자밀도가 높은 장액성분비과립에 주로 분포하고 있으며, 분비관 중에서 소엽속관에도 분포하고 있는 것이 관찰되었으나, 다른 동위효소인 nNOS와 iNOS는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 산화질소합성효소가 흰쥐 침샘분비세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 분포하고 있는 것으로 보아 침샘에서 산화질소가 침의 생산과 분비에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 생각된다. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been known to regulate many physiological and pathological processes, especially the glandular secretion and blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied ultrastructurally in rat salivary gland. The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunoelectron microscopic study, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in the salivary gland of rat. Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-positive immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of serous cells of the salivary gland of the rat. Immunoreactivities were well concentrated on serous secretory granules in the serous cells. However, weak eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was observed in the mucous secretory granules of the mucous cells. Positive endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of intralobular ducts. Ductal secretory granules and acinar serous secretory granules have a similar pattern of labeling as eNOS suggestings. Neural NOS (nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not detected in duct systems or in acinar cells. Inducible NOS (iNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not seen in acinar and ductal cells. These results reveal the presence of eNOS in the salivary gland of the rat, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through the gland.

2차 통계량을 이용한 도래 방향 추정 알고리즘의 성능평가

이민혁,노현민,정대훈,장은영,변건식 東亞大學校附設情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.2

it is needed high quality and big capacity according to fast supply of mobile communication medium. Therefore, adaptive array antenna is actively studied to supply demand. DOA(Direction of Arrival) estimation is important position in adaptive array antenna. The purpose of this paper is to estimate DOA. and compare with the existing algorithm.