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최윤희 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 1997 국제지역연구 Vol.7 No.4
문화배경이 다른 사람들 사이의 상호작용에서 발생되는 오해와 갈등을 효율적으로 관리하고 타문화에 관한 이해를 넓히기 위한 연구를 이론적 바탕위에서 수행하려면 다양한 문화권에 걸쳐서 나타나는 함축적 행위의 유사성과 차이점을 설명해주는 방식을 찾아내야 한다. 그리고 문화를 커뮤니케이션 이론에 통합하기 위해서는 문화를 하나의 이론적 변인으로 취급할 수 있는 방법을 찾아 내야한다. 한 가지 접근방법은 문화적 가변성의 차원(dimensions of cultural variability)에 초점을 맞추어 살피는 일인데 이 차원은 문화권들이 다르거나 비슷한 점을 보여줌은 물론 다양한 문화권의 커뮤니케이션을 설명하는데 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 필자는 호프스테드(Hofstede)의 문화적 가치 차원(cultural value dimensions), 홀(Hall)이 제시한 맥락 차원(context). 레위스(Lewis)의 행위차원을 중심으로 이 차원들이 어떻게 문화간 유사성과 차이를 설명할 수 있는 가를 논의한다. 이와 아울러 차원접근법의 제한점을 제시하고 이 제한점을 보완하기 위한 대안으로 차원 접근법과 함께 메타포 접근법을 활용할 것을 제안한다. To reduce misunderstandings and conflicts between people with different cultural backgrounds and to make intercultural management effective, we need a way to explain the similarities and differences across cultures. Communication is unique within each culture, and at the same time, there are systematic similarities and differences between cultures. The similarities and differences can be explained and predicted theoretically using dimensions of cultural variability. This paper focuses on Hofstede's cultural value dimensions, Hall's dimensions of context, proxemics and time orientation and Lew's behavioral orientations, and attempts to exhibit the extent to which these dimensions serve to differentiate and explain cultural differences. Also discussed are drawbacks and weaknesses of these dimensional approaches, As an alternative to complement the dimensional approaches, the author suggests that metaphorical approaches be applied together with cultural dimensions which can help explain similarities and differences more specifically across cultures.
난포기 및 황체기에 있어서 돼지 난관 협부 평활근의 neurotransmitter들의 수축효과에 대한 estradiol-17β및 progesterone의 영향
이민기,노규진,심철수,남윤정,김주현,최상용 慶尙大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.30 No.2
The effects of estradiol-17β or progesterone on the contractility of neurotransmitters on pig oviductal isthmic smooth muscle were investigated. The motility of the isolated smooth muscle was recorded by using physiological recording system. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The contractility induced by histamine or prostaglandin F2α was depressed by the pretreatment of estradiol-17β but was not by the preteatment of progesterone in follicular or luteal stage. 2. The contractility induced by acetylcholine was depressed un follicular stage but excited in luteal stage by the pretreatment of estradiol-17β or progesterone. 3. The contractility induced by norepinephrine was depressed by the pretreatment of progesterone in follicular stage but was excited by the pretreatment estradiol-17β in luteal stage.
최윤석 ( Choe Yun Seog ),황순구 ( Hwang Sun Gu ),허창규 ( Heo Chang Gyu ),김창윤 ( Kim Chang Yun ),이태성 ( Lee Tae Seong ),김덕윤 ( Kim Deog Yun ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.9
목적 : 본 연구는 분만을 전후로 요속검사를 시행하여 임신과 분만이 배뇨에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 분만을 기다리는 90명의 여성 (임신군)과 28명의 젊은 여성을 대조군으로 검사하였으며 임신군에서는 44명이 정상질식분만 (정상분만군)을, 46명은 제왕절개술 (제왕절개술군)을 시행받았다. 요속검사는 Jupiter 8000 (FM Wiest(R)) uroflowmeter를 이용하여 분만 하루 전, 분만 후 2일에 검사하였다. 요속검사 Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the uroflow parameters of the pregnant women before delivery and immediate postpartum period. Methods : Forty four patients delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery (NVD group) and 46 patients by Cesar
Choe, Kang Yun,Kim, Jung-Eun,Lee, Ju-Yeon Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.636 No.1
<P>Novel Y-type polyester 4 containing 4-(5-nitro-2-thiazolylazo)re-sorcinoxy group as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore, which constitutes parts of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyester 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polyester 4 shows a thermal stability up to 240 degrees C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of near 106 degrees C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d(33)) of poled polymer film at the 1064nm fundamental wavelength is 8.43 x 10(-9) esu. The poled polymer film exhibits an enhanced thermal stability of dipole alignment and there was no negligible decay of the SHG signal over hundreds of hours at 70 degrees C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.</P>
Choe, Kang Yun,Lee, Ji‐,Hyang,Kim, Jung‐,Eun,Lee, Ju‐,Yeon John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Polymer international Vol.65 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Novel Y‐type polyurethane <B>4</B> containing 4‐(5‐nitro‐2‐thiazolylazo)resorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which are parts of the polymer main chains, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane <B>4</B> is soluble in common organic solvents such as <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows thermal stability up to 280 °C as determined from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of about 126 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (<I>d</I><SUB>33</SUB>) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 3.78 pm V<SUP>−1</SUP>. Polymer <B>4</B> exhibits thermal stability even at 4 °C higher than glass transition temperature, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 130 °C, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
( Yun Seon Choe ),( Kyu Han Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2
Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is considered to be more common and severe in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between AD and MC by analyzing the course of MC according to underlying AD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2,040 MC patients’records last ten years. We collected demographic data, treatment methods, outcomes, as well as history of AD. We categorized treatment as aggressive (extraction) or non-aggressive (no extraction). We analyzed the group of MC with AD versus MC without AD in terms of onsetage, treatment methods, and time to remission. Results: MC was slightly more common in females, and the mean onset age was 5.9 years. The mean time to remission was 17.4 weeks, and 73.2% patients were treated with extraction. Among 2,040 patients, 465 (22.8%) had a history of AD, and this group had an earlier onset age (5.2 vs. 6.5 years). Among the MC with AD group, larger portion of patients (76.1 vs. 72.4%) were treated by extraction, and the mean number of extractions performed in each case was more high (1.24 vs. 1.09). The time to MC remission was significantly longer in MC with AD (20.7 vs. 16.9 weeks). Conclusion: In the patients with AD, MC occurred at earlier ages and required a longer time for remission, even though these patients more often received aggressive treatment such as extraction. Thus, in MC patients, underlying AD is important for prognosis.
CHOE, YUN-JEONG,HA, TAE JOUNG,KO, KYOUNG-WON,LEE, SUN-YOUNG,SHIN, SEOK JOON,KIM, HO-SHIK Spandidos Publications 2012 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.28 No.6
<P>Anthocyanins (ATCs) have been reported to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells, stimulating the development of ATCs as a cancer chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agent. It was recently reported that ATCs can induce autophagy, however, the mechanism for this remains unclear. In the present report, we carried out mechanistic studies of the mechanism involved in ATC-induced autophagy using ATCs extracted from black soybeans (cv. Cheongja 3, Glycine?max?L.). ATCs clearly induced hallmarks of autophagy, including LC3 puncta formation and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. The induction of autophagy was accompanied by the phosphorylation of multiple protein kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (AKT) and adenosyl mono-phosphate-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). While chemical inhibitors against ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK and AKT failed to inhibit ATC-induced autophagy, the suppression of AMPK by compound C (CC) as well as siRNA against AMPK reduced ATC-induced autophagy. The treatment of ATCs resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP contents and the activation of AMPK by AICAR treatment also induced autophagy. It is noteworthy that the reduction of autophagy via the inhibition of AMPK resulted in enhanced apoptosis in ATC-treated cells. In addition, siRNA against forkhead box O3A (FOXO3a), a downstream target of AMPK, suppressed ATC-induced autophagy and p27KIP1 siRNA increased apoptosis in ATC-treated cells. Collectively, it can be concluded that ATCs induce autophagy in U2OS cells via activation of the AMPK-FOXO3a pathway and protect cells from ATC-induced apoptosis via the AMPK-p27KIP1 pathway. These results also suggest that autophagy-modulating agents could contribute to the efficient development of ATCs as anticancer therapy.</P>