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김진모,김진군,전영욱,이정은,최영창,이은영 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.2
이 연구의 목적은 지역4-H조직의 내적 적합성을 탐색하고 이를 기술하는데 있었다. 2006년 8월부터 10월까지 약 3개월 동안 지역4-H후원회 회장 및 임원진 3명, 지역4-H연맹 회장 1명, 학교4-H 지도교사 4명, 지역의 영농4-H회장 1명, 시·군 농업기술센터 소장 및 4-H담당자 9명을 주요 연구 참가자로 하여 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 지역4-H조직 관련자들이 인식하는 지역4-H조직의 주요성과 격차로, ① 민간4-H조직을 중심으로 한 자율적이고 독립적인 활동 부재, ② 지역4-H조직 간 다양한 종류의 협력 부재, ③ 지역사회에서 4-H활동에 대한 가치 인식 부족이 나타났다. 둘째, 지역4-H조직의 핵심 과업으로 ① 4-H의 가치 및 이념에 부합하고, 지역의 실정에 맞는 프로그램 확보, ② 지역4-H 조직 간 협력적 네트워크 확립, ③ 4-H에 대한 지역사회의 관심 및 지지 확보가 나타났다. 셋째, 지역4-H조직의 내적 부적합성으로는 ① 인원 확보의 어려움과 핵심과업에 대한 전문성 결여, ② 관료화되고 경직된 낡은 문화, ③ 조직적 자원의 축소 및 조직 간 낮은 네트워크의 수준이 도출되었다. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand internal fit in Local 4-H Organization. The main participants of this study were one leader and two members of Local 4-H Society for the support, one leader of Local 4-H Association, four School 4-H teacher, one leader of Local farm 4-H, 9 local agricultural extension workers. The data were collected through in-depth interview with them from August, 2006 to October, 2006. The Results from this study were as follow: 1. Key performance gaps of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① lack of local 4-H based activities, ② lack of various types of partnership between local 4-H organizations, ③ lack of understanding value of 4-H activities in the communities. 2. Key tasks of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① developing local 4-H programs based on 4-H's values and ideas, ② establishing the cooperative networks among local 4-H organizations, ③ ensuring the interest and support about 4-H in the communities. 3. Internal misalignments of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① difference of recruitment and lack of expertise, ② bureaucratic and rigid cultures, ③ decrease in organizational support and low level of network among organizations.
니켈계 초내열 단결정 주조 합금의 고온압축변형에 따른 미세조직변화 연구
최종수,허무영,안성욱,진영훈,임옥동,서동이 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.1
Nickel-based single crystal superalloy shows directional coarsening which has been explained by the interaction of interface dislocation and composition in matrix. After compression test at 700, 800℃ and 900℃, γ' precipitates were observed on (001) and (010) planes through scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Strains of γmatrix and γ' precipitate were measured using XRD. (010)plane exhibited the increasing tendency of directional coarsening of γ precipitate with increasing temperature. Due to the interaction of dislocation and Cr, Co diffused into matrix channel perpendicular to stress axis. γ' precipitates were sheared by dislocations along the direction parallel to stress axis and showed faster rate of strain with increasing temperature compared to γmatrix, which was never seen at low stress state such as in creep test. So it was concluded that stress intensity and temperature affected microstructure of γ' precipitates.
김진복(Jin Pok Kim),송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),박재갑(Jae Gahb Park),이건욱(Kuhn Uk Lee),최국진(Kuk Jin Choe),정승용(Seung Yong Jeong) 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.5
N/A There were 158 cases of ulcerative colitis, which were computerized in Seou1 National University Hospital Medical Record Room, from January 1980 to February 1993. We reviewed 122 r,ases, which medical records were available, and treated at our hospital. The mast prevalent age groups of these patients were fourth and fifth decades and a male t.o femalc ratio was 1:2.1. Among l22 patients, 16 patients (13.19:) had undergone operations, and their most common indica tions of operations were medical intractability (12 cases). The initial procedures for 16 patients were 8 total proctocolectomies (including 6 Kock's pouche. and 2 Bronke ileostomies), a total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, a total colectomy with ileostomy, a total colectomy and rectal mucosectomy virith ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, a right hemicolectomy, a left hemicolectomy with transverse collostomy, a segmental resection of colon, a colostomy, a terminal ileostomy. After the initial procedures, l0 operations were performed additionally in 7 patient.;, 2 cases of total proctocolectomies (1 Korks pouch, 1 Brooke ileostomy), 1. case of rectal mucosectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, 4 cases of conversion to Brooke ileostomy, 3 cases of revision of nipplc valve, pouch, ileostomy. Total proctocolectomy with Kocks pouch was performed most commonly (in 7 patients), but 6 of them sufferred from complications, most of which were related to pouches and nipple valves. Nowadays, total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is regarded a. the standard operation for patients of ulcerative colitis, but we have performed this procedure in only two patients, ecently. Although their results are unknown due to short duraticn of follow up adoption of this procedure in the surgical management af alcerative colitis will be required.
A novel synthesis of polymer brush on multiwall carbon nanotubes bearing terminal monomeric unit
Ha, Jin Uk,Kim, Myunghun,Lee, Jeongwoo,Choe, Soonja,Cheong, In Woo,Shim, Sang Eun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.44 No.21
<P>A novel approach to fabricate polymer brushes on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed. Carboxyl groups on the surface of chemically oxidized CNTs were reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate, followed by a reaction with methacrylamide to give terminal vinyl groups-functionalized CNTs, so called “CNT-mer.” The synthetic procedure was investigated step-by-step and the synthesized CNT-mer was used to grow polystyrene (PS) from CNTs by a simple in situ polymerization in the presence of a thermal initiator. By employing <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and light scattering, the experimental results were verified. Using this approach, 45% PS with respect to CNTs are grafted on the surface of CNTs with about 4.0 nm thickness. This novel technique would provide a facile route to prepare tailor-made polymer brushes on the surface of CNTs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44:6394–6401, 2006</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Reactive terminal groups are attached on the surface of carboxylated CNTs by reaction with hexamethylene diisocyanate and the following reaction with methacrylamide. Herein, the CNTs having the reactive vinyl groups are named “CNT-mer”. The synthesized CNT-mer is used to graft PS chains via a simple in situ polymerization.</P> <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-21-POLA21738-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2006-44-21-POLA21738-gra001'>