신정부 과학기술정책 방향 모색

홍성주(Sung Joo Hong),이다은(Da Eun Lee),홍창의(Chang Ui Hong),강민지(Min Ji Kang),우청원(Chung Won Woo),강홍렬,전찬미 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

With the presidential election in 2017 as a momentum, many people in science and engineering and social organizations gave various science and technology policy proposals. Most of them were reflected in each party’s election pledges. The media also covered lots of science and technology policy issues, which mainly included agendas reflecting the voices of the fields of R&D like research autonomy and people-oriented investment. This task aims to understand how the landscape of science and technology policies changed in an era of political change. To achieve this, we pursued to answer three research questions. First, how are we going to look at the vitalization of science and technology policy issues that occurred in the presidential election and its results? Second, what was it like in the past? Did the previous governments faithfully carry out their science and technology pledges in their science and technology policies? Third, what is the blind spot of policies that failed to attract attention or became a dilemma despite the change in science and technology policies? In order to answer these questions, the research team analyzed the way of establishing the window for science and technology policies during the presidential election in 2017, while also looked at the path taken for science and technology pledges to be implemented as policies during the past 15 years after the Rho Moo Hyun Government. The analysis results showed that we need to take largely four different approaches to science and technology issues. From the medium and long term perspective, it can be divided into issues that need access, issues that need enhancement, issues that need to gain political interests and issues that need to improve rationality. The research team’s results presented important perspective and methodology of looking at science and technology policy by not only being applied as a standard and means, but also provided a framework for devising various methods and means by policy issue. Hopefully, our researches are helpful in the planning and implementation of science and technology policy by the new government, which will be inaugurated in May 2017.

임상 검체에서 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용한 C형 간염 바이러스의 검출

홍승복,우경남,이도훈,최윤미 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1996 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.6 No.1

C형 간염 바이러스는 RNA 바이러스로 현재 항원의 일부인 C-100-3에 대한 항체를 검출하므로써 HCV 감염의 진단에 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 현재 사용되고 있는 효소면역 측정법은 예민도는 매우 높으나 거기에 따른 위양성의 결과가 많다고 보고되어, 그에따른 문재점이 대두되고있다. 따라서 검사 결과의 특이도를 높임과 동시에 실질적으로 검사실에서 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 새로운 검사법의 도입이 절실히 요구된다. 이에 본 연구자들은 분자 생물학적 기법중 하나인 중합효소 연쇄반응을 이용하여 실제 임상 검체에서 HCV의 RNA를 검출하므로써 민감도뿐만 아니라 특이도를 높일 수 있는 검사 기법으로써의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구는 간염 바이러스의 감염이 의심되는 총 67 검체를 대상으로 실시하였고 검체는 혈청을 이용하여 acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol chloroform 방법으로 RNA를 추출하고 비구조성 유전자의 5'-noncoding 부위에 해당되는 부위를 primer로 사용하여 중합효소 연쇄반응을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 동시에 같이 실시한 anti-HCV 항체 검사는 microparticle enzyme immunoassay 방법을 이용하였고 4가지의 recombinant 단백질인 c200, c22-3, HC-34, HC-31에 대한 항체를 검출할 수 있다. RT-PCR 검사 결과, PCR 양성인 11명 중 9명에서 anti-HCV 항체가 검출되었으며, anti-HCV 항체가 음성인 30명은 모두 RT-PCR에서 음성을 보였다. RT-PCR 상 음성인 51명 중 30명은 anti-HCV 항체가 검출되지 않았으나 10명에서는 항체가 검출되었다. ALT 수치 변화에 따른 비교를 살펴보면 RT-PCR과 anti-HCV 항체 양성자의 ALT 분포도를 살펴보면 40 UI/L 이하로 정상인 경우는 RT-PCR 양성 중에는 2명 (18.2%)이었고, anti-HCV 항체 양성 중 9명 (47.4%)이었다. 40 UI/L 이상으로 증가된 경우에서는 RT-PCR 양성 중 9명(81.82%), anti-HCV 항체 양성 중 10명 (52.6%)이었다. 이상의 결과에서 C형 간염을 진단하기 위한 검사법으로는 민감도는 높으나 특이도에 문제가 있는 anti-HCV 항체 검사 결과의 신빙도를 높이기 위해서는 RT-PCR을 이용해 C형 간염의 감염 여부를 확진함이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The enzyme immunoassay test is a very sensitive method to detect anti-HCV antibody but this is known to have high false positive rate. It is necessary to have another method to diagnosis hepatitis C viral infection. As a new method tool, we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction method to detect HCV RNA. A reverse transcription PCR was compared with the enzyme immunoassay in samples which were requested for anti-HCV antibody test. Of the 19 anti-HCV antibody positive samples, 9 were also positive for RT-PCR. Among RT-PCR positive 11 samples, none of all showed negative for anti-HCV antibody. The prevalence of HCV RT-PCR of the liver disease was 45.5% in the chronic hepatitis, 27.2% in liver cirrhosis, 27.3% in other liver disease. The positivity of RT-PCR was also higher in group had elevated serum ALT level than in group with normal serum ALT level. We concluded that HCV RT-PCR can be the additional test for the confirmation of anti-HCV antibody test by enzyme immunoassay.

Synthesis of high-quality monolayer graphene by low-power plasma

홍효기,김나연,윤아람,이석우,박정민,유정우,이종훈 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.1

The growth of high-quality graphene on copper substrates has been intensively investigated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It, however, has been considered that the growth mechanism is different when graphene is synthesized using a plasma CVD. In this study, we demonstrate a dual role of hydrogen for the graphene growth on copper using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) CVD. Hydrogen activates surface-bound carbon for the growth of high-quality monolayer graphene. In contrast, the role of an etchant is to manipulate the distribution of the graphene grains, which significantly depends on the plasma power. Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy study enables the mapping of graphene grains, which uncovers the distribution of grains and the number of graphene layers depending on the plasma power. In addition, the variation of electronic properties of the synthesized graphene relies on the plasma power.

ALOS-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR 위상간섭기법에서의 스펙트럼 분석 평가

박서우,정성우,홍상훈,Park, Seo-Woo,Jung, Seong-Woo,Hong, Sang-Hoon 대한원격탐사학회 2020 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

연안 충적층 지역은 토양침식, 지반침하 등 지질 재해와 태풍, 홍수 해양 재해에 노출되어 인명 또는 재산 피해의 위험에 취약하다. 지반 침하는 지표 물질이 지하로 이동하면서 지반의 점진적인 또는 급격한 침강이 발생하는 현상으로 지속적인 감시가 요구된다. 영상레이더 위상간섭기법 (Radar Interferometry)은 마이크로파 영역에서 관측된 위상정보를 이용하여 지형 변위를 정밀하게 관측할 수 있는 기술이다. Small BAseline Subset(SBAS) 기법은 최소 20장 이상의 영상레이더 자료를 사용하여 대상 지역에 대한 시계열 지표 변위를 정밀하게 분석할 수 있어 지반침하 감시에 유용하다. X- 또는 C-밴드에 비해 장파장인 L-밴드 영상레이더 자료는 긴밀도 유지에 보다 유리하여 지구과학용으로 적합하다. 하지만 L-밴드 ALOS-2 PALSAR-2은 전지구 관측 프로그램을 운영하고 있어 시계열 분석을 하기에 영상 획득이 충분하지 않을 수 있다. 관심 지역인 부산의 경우, Stripmap 영상은 11장으로서 SBAS 시계열 분석 기법을 적용하기에는 부족한 촬영 수이다. 일반적으로 동일한 모드의 영상 간 위상간섭기법의 적용이 가능하지만, 비슷한 관측 기하에서 관측한 Stripmap과 ScanSAR 영상을 이용한 위상간섭기법의 적용이 성공적으로 수행된 바 있다. 해당 지역의 ScanSAR 영상은 18장으로 Stripmap-ScanSAR 위상간섭기법을 적용하면 SBAS 기법을 이용한 향상된 시계열 분석이 가능하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 Gamma 소프트웨어를 이용하여 ALOS-2 PALSAR-2로부터 획득된 L-band 영상 자료에 대한 위상간섭기법 적용 가능여부를 평가하였다. Stripmap-ScanSAR 위상간섭기법 적용을 위해 이종 모드 관측 영상 사이의 chirp bandwidth와 pulse repetition frequency (PRF)의 차이를 고려한 영상레이더 자료 처리를 수행하였으며, radar carrier frequency의 차이 보정과 common band filtering 적용 여부에 따라 발생하는 위상간섭도의 품질을 분석하였다. Radar carrier frequency 차이 보정에 따른 위상간섭도의 긴밀도 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았으나, common band filtering으로 인해, 위상간섭도에서 azimuth 방향으로 주기적인 잡음과 전체적인 긴밀도 저하가 발생하였다. 따라서 Stripmap-ScanSAR 위상간섭기법을 적용하는 경우 두 관측 모드의 range와 azimuth 방향의 밴드 폭의 특성에 따라 주의 깊은 자료 처리가 요구된다. It is well known that alluvial sediment located in coastal region has been easily affected by geohazard like ground subsidence, marine or meteorological disasters which threaten invaluable lives and properties. The subsidence is a sinking of the ground due to underground material movement that mostly related to soil compaction by water extraction. Thus, continuous monitoring is essential to protect possible damage from the ground subsidence in the coastal region. Radar interferometric application has been widely used to estimate surface displacement from phase information of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Thanks to advanced SAR technique like the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS), a time-series of surface displacement could be successfully calculated with a large amount of SAR observations (>20). Because the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 L-band observations maintain higher coherence compared with other shorter wavelength like X- or C-band, it has been regarded as one of the best resources for Earth science. However, the number of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 observations might be not enough for the SBAS application due to its global monitoring observation scenario. Unfortunately, the number of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap images in area of our interest, Busan which located in the Southeastern Korea, is only 11 which is insufficient to apply the SBAS time-series analysis. Although it is common that the radar interferometry utilizes multiple SAR images collected from same acquisition mode, it has been reported that the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometric application could be possible under specific acquisition mode. In case that we can apply the Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometry with the other 18 ScanSAR observations over Busan, an enhanced time-series surface displacement with better temporal resolution could be estimated. In this study, we evaluated feasibility of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometric application using Gamma software considering differences of chirp bandwidth and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) between two acquisition modes. In addition, we analyzed the interferograms with respect to spectral shift of radar carrier frequency and common band filtering. Even though it shows similar level of coherence regardless of spectral shift in the radar carrier frequency, we found periodic spectral noises in azimuth direction and significant degradation of coherence in azimuth direction after common band filtering. Therefore, the characteristics of spectral bandwidth in the range and azimuth direction should be considered cautiously for the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Stripmap-ScanSAR interferometry.

과일/채소류를 이용한 항산화 벽지의 칼라 디자인

홍지후,정성욱,우지수,황희지,서혜림,민도현,최세민,이승범 한국공업화학회 2012 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2012 No.1

Use of PCR with Sequence-specific Primers for High-Resolution Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing of Patients with Narcolepsy

우혜인,주은연,홍승봉,이경화,강은숙 대한진단검사의학회 2012 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.32 No.1

Background: Narcolepsy is a neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, symptoms of abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a strong association with HLA-DRB1*1501, -DQA1*0102, and -DQB1*0602. Here, we investigated the clinico-physical characteristics of Korean patients with narcolepsy, their HLA types, and the clinical utility of high-resolution PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) as a simple typing method for identifying DRB1*15/16, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles. Methods: The study population consisted of 67 consecutively enrolled patients having unexplained daytime sleepiness and diagnosed narcolepsy based on clinical and neurological findings. Clinical data and the results of the multiple sleep latency test and polysomnography were reviewed, and HLA typing was performed using both high-resolution PCRSSP and sequence-based typing (SBT). Results: The 44 narcolepsy patients with cataplexy displayed significantly higher frequencies of DRB1*1501 (Pc= 0.003), DQA1*0102 (Pc=0.001), and DQB1*0602 (Pc=0.014) than the patients without cataplexy. Among patients carrying DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 or DQA1*0102, the frequencies of a mean REM sleep latency of less than 20 min in nocturnal polysomnography and clinical findings, including sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination were significantly higher. SBT and PCR-SSP showed 100% concordance for high-resolution typing of DRB1*15/16 alleles and DQA1 and DQB1 loci. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics and somnographic findings of narcolepsy patients were associated with specific HLA alleles, including DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, and DQB1*0602. Application of high-resolution PCR-SSP, a reliable and simple method, for both allele-and locus-specific HLA typing of DRB1*15/16, DQA1, and DQB1 would be useful for characterizing clinical status among subjects with narcolepsy.

페놀베타인 유도체합성(XI)

우성주,박예진,황순호,홍유화,김남재,김인종,김신규 慶熙大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Tetrahydroberberine-13-one was treated with ethylchloroformate to give the C_8-N bond cleaved product 1. On the treatment with Lawesson's reagent (LAS), chloroketone 2 derived from the hydrolysis of 1 afforded the thioketone 3. On the other hand, spirotype-chloroketone 4 was transformed to diaziridine 8 by a reduction, chlorination and aziridine introduction. Also, spirotype-chlorothioketone 6 was obtained from chloroketone 4.

인공위성 원격탐사를 이용한 백두산 화산 감시 연구 리뷰

홍상훈,장민정,정성우,박서우 대한원격탐사학회 2018 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.34 No.6

Mt. Baekdu is a stratovolcano located at the border between China and North Korea and is known to have formed through its differentiation stage after the Oligocene epoch in the Cenozoic era. There has been a growing interest in the magma re-activity of Mt. Baekdu volcano since 2010. Several research projects have been conducted by government such as Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. Because, however, the Mt. Baekdu volcano is located far from South Korea, it is quite difficult to collect in-situ observations by terrestrial equipment. Remote sensing is a science to analyze and interpret information without direct physical contact with a target object. Various types of platform such as automobile, unmanned aerial vehicle, aircraft and satellite can be used for carrying a payload. In the past several decades, numerous volcanic studies have been conducted by remotely sensed observations using wide spectrum of wavelength channels in electromagnetic waves. In particular, radar remote sensing has been widely used for volcano monitoring in that microwave channel can gather surface’s information without less limitation like day and night or weather condition. Radar interferometric technique which utilized phase information of radar signal enables to estimate surface displacement such as volcano, earthquake, ground subsidence or glacial movement, etc. In 2018, long-term research project for collaborative observation for Mt. Baekdu volcano between Korea and China were selected by Korea government. A volcanic specialized research center has been established by the selected project. The purpose of this paper is to introduce about remote sensing techniques for volcano monitoring and to review selected studies with remote sensing techniques to monitor Mt. Baekdu volcano. The acquisition status of the archived observations of six synthetic aperture radar satellites which are in orbit now was investigated for application of radar interferometry to monitor Mt. Baekdu volcano. We will conduct a time-series analysis using collected synthetic aperture radar images. 백두산은 중국과 북한의 국경 경계에 위치하고 있는 성층화산으로 신생대 올리고세 이후 주요 분화 단계를 거쳐 형성된 것으로 알려져 있다. 2010년 이후 마그마 재활동으로 인한 백두산 화산활동 여부에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 백두산 화산 활동을 감시하기 위한 연구는 기상청, 한국지질자원연구원 등 국가기관 중심으로 활발히 수행되고 있다. 2018년에는 한-중 백두산 공동 관측 장기연구 과제가 선정되었으며 이로부터 화산특화연구센터가 설립되기도 하였다. 그러나 백두산은 우리나라로부터 지리적으로 멀리 떨어져 있어 접근에 대한 제약이 있을 뿐만 아니라 백두산 화산 주변에 설치되어 있는 현장 관측 장비로부터 수집된 현장 자료의 공유 혹은 접근이 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 원격탐사는 직접적인 물리적 접촉 없이 대상 물체에 대한 특성을 원격으로 측정하는 수단으로서, 대상물의 관측을 위해 자동차, 무인기, 항공기, 인공위성 등 여러 형태의 플랫폼이 사용된다. 지난 수십 년 간, 다양한 파장 대역에서의 전자기파를 이용한 원격탐사 자료를 활용하여 화산 감시 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 특히 레이더 원격탐사는 주야조건, 기상조건에 관계없이 자료를 획득할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 위상정보를 이용한 레이더 위상간섭기법을 통한 미세 지표 변위 관측이 가능하여 매우 널리 이용되고 있는 화산 감시 기술이다. 본 논문의 목적은 백두산 화산 관측을 위해 수행된 기존 원격탐사 연구 문헌을 수집하고 동향을 파악하는 것이다. 또한 지속적인 화산 감시를 위한 가용 영상레이더 위성정보를 조사하여 향후 이를 바탕으로 백두산 화산 지표 변위의 주기적 탐지 연구를 수행하는데 활용할 예정이다.

결혼 이주 여성 지역사회 적응 척도 개발

홍봉선(Hong, Bong Sun),아영아(Ah,Young Ah),우은정(Woo, Eun Jung) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 社會科學硏究 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 결혼이주여성들의 지역사회적응 정도를 측정할 수 있는 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 도구를 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 도구개발을 위해 적응관련 선행연구 검토와 결혼이주여성 및 방문지도사를 대상으로 한 심층면접을 토대로 구성요인과 문항들이 개발되었다. 조사대상자는 부산지역에 거주하는 결혼이주여성이다.589명의 설문자료를 이용하여 문항분석, 요인분석과 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증이 이루어졌다. 개발된 결혼이주여성 지역사회적응 척도는 원활한 언어소통(7문항),지역사회 교류(8문항), 지역사회 참여(5문항),지역사회 이용(5문항),지역사회 소속감(4문항),정체성 통합(4문항)의 6개요인 총 33문항으로 구성되었다. 6요인의 변량설명력은 65.924%로 나타났으며, 척도의 신뢰도는 .917로 높게 나타났다. 준거타당도는 한국어능력, 한국 거주기간과 유의한 상관관계를 보여 검증되었으며, 수렴타당도는 문화적응, 문화적응태도, 삶의 만족도, 결혼만족도 척도와의 상관관계를 통해 검증되었다. 개발된 척도의 실제 활용을 위해 규준점수에 따른 적응 유형별 특성을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의 및 한계점과 개발된 척도의 활용가능성을 제언하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop verified instruments with reliability and validity to measure community adaptation scale of marriage migration women in local communities. To develop instruments, factors and questionnaires were made, based on advanced research of the community adaptation scale, in-depth interviews of marriage migration women and visiting counselors. A total of 589 marriage migration women living in Busan responded to the questionnaires. Item analysis, factorial analysis, and verification of reliability and validity were done to analyze them. The developed marriage migration women"s adaptation scale in local communities includes six factors and 33 questions, which are verbal communication ability (7questions), interacting with local communities (8), participation in local communities (5), taking advantage of local communities (5), sense of belonging to local communities (4), identity integration (4). The percentage of these factors correlation is 65.024% and the reliability of the scale is. 917. The results show that concurrent validity has a meaningful interrelationship with Korean skills, and duration of living Korea. Convergent validity has a meaningful interrelationship with culture adaptation and its attitudes, marriage satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. The standard level and characteristics of adaptation types are suggested to enhance actual application of the developed scale. Significance and limitation of the research and possible application of the developed scale are suggested based on these results.

Trends and Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment in Korea

홍영미,윤기태,조몽,강대환,김형욱,최철웅,박수범,허정,우현영,임원 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.3

Multiple therapeutic modalities are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. We aimed to evaluate the trends for HCC treatment in Korea. Recent trends and patterns in treatment modalities were assessed in HCC patients who first registered for the Health Insurance Review Assessment Service between 2008 and 2012. From 2009 to 2012, 57,690 patients were diagnosed with HCC. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was the most common treatment modality for initial treatment. Curative treatment modalities like hepatic resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation therapy increased gradually. The 3 most common treatment modalities (hepatic resection, local ablation therapy, TACE) used after initial treatment in 2009 were studied. Following initial hepatic resection, 44.5% of patients required re-treatment. TACE was the most common modality (in 48.3% of cases), while 15.0% of patients received local ablation therapy. After local ablation therapy, 55.4% of patients were re-treated, wherein 45.0% of patients received TACE and 31.5% received local ablation therapy. Following initial TACE, 73.9% patients were retreated, most commonly with TACE (57.7%) followed by local ablation therapy (12.8%). While there were no significant differences between the initial and re-treatment modalities, various multiple treatments followed the initial treatment. The treatment modalities were interchangeable.