정신분열병 환자의 작동기억 이상에 대한 기능적 자기공명영상 연구

박여진,김태석,노사봉,배치운,김정진,이수정,이철,백인호,이창욱,Park, Yuh-Jin,Kim, Tae-Suk,Roh, Sa-Bong,Pae, Chi-Un,Kim, Jung-Jin,Lee, Soo-Jung,Lee, Chul,Paik, In-Ho,Lee, Chang-Uk 대한생물정신의학회 2005 생물정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

Objective:Impaired processing of working memory is one of the cognitive deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. This aimed at corroborating the differences in the brain activities involved in the process of working memory between patients with schizophrenia and the control subjects. Method:Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was used to assess cortical activities during the performance of a 2-back visual working memory paradigm using the Korean alphabet as mnemonic content. Results:Group analysis revealed that left lateral prefrontal cortex and right parietal lobule showed decreased cortical activities in the patient group. On the other hand, an increased activation in left superior and middle frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right cuneus, both occipital lobes, right fusiform gyrus and right cingulate gyrus. The activation in left anterior lobe and both declive of cerebellum was also increased. Conclusions:This study showed a decreased activation in left lateral prefrontal and right parietal neural networks from the patient group and confirmed the earlier findings on the impaired working memory of patients with schizophrenia using fMRI investigation. The regions implicated in our study suggest an abnormal functioning of the fronto-parietal cortical areas that are critical to the information processing stream, which might be correspondent to common pathophysiology rather than a common etiology in schizophrenia.

rhBMP-7 adenovirus로 형질전환한 사람 섬유모세포로 유도된 뼈형성의 형태학적 조사

박정기(Jeong-Ki Park),성언기(Eon-Gi Sung),김주영(Joo-Young Kim),김재룡(Jae-Ryong Kim),안면환(Myun-Hwan Ahn),김홍태(Hong-Tae Kim),문용석(Yong-Suk Moon),송인환(In-Hwan Song) 대한해부학회 2006 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.39 No.2

BMP-7 adenovirus (AdBMP-7) 유전자치료제의 효용성을 확인하기 위해서 사람 진피섬유모세포를 배양하여 재조합 AdBMP-7로 형질도입 시킨 후 누드마우스의 장딴지근육에 주사하여 세포를 이식한 다음 1, 2, 4, 6주에 희생시켜 뼈발생과정을 형태학적으로 추적하였다. 세포이식 1주째 근육섬유 사이에 신생조직의 형성이 관찰되었다. 그 중 상당부분은 연골로 확인되었는데 Von Kossa 염색과 전자현미경 소견에서 연골바탕질의 석회화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이식 2주째에 해면뼈의 형성이 관찰되었고 뼈잔기둥 사이에 근육섬유들과 지방세포가 섞여 있었다. 뼈표면에는 뼈모세포와 뼈파괴세포가 관찰되었다. Von Kossa-Van Gieson 염색 결과 전반적으로 뼈잔기둥은 흡수되는 부분이 많았다. 4주째에 뼈잔기둥사이의 공간은 거대핵세포를 위시한 혈구발생과정의 세포들로 채워져 골수가 형성되었다. 이식 6주째의 조직검사에서 골수내의 뼈잔기둥은 많이 감소되었고 겉질뼈는 두꺼워졌다. 상당부분의 뼈기질은 표면에 평행한 층판배열을 하고 있었고 그 속에 뼈세포 뿐만 아니라 뼈세관과 그 속의 세포질 가지들도 관찰되었다. 본 실험의 결과로 세포를 매개로한 AdBMP-7 유전자치료제는 근육내에서 1주 이내에 연골의 발생과 기질의 석회화가 시작되어 4주 이내에 골수를 포함한 뼈조직의 형성이 완성되므로 뼈형성 촉진이 필요한 곳에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. To evaluate availability of the BMP-7 adenovirus (AdBMP-7) as a gene therapy for osteoinduction, we investigated in morphological aspect at 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks after cells injection. Primary cultured human dermal fibroblasts, transduced with AdBMP-7, were injected into gastrocnemius muscle of the nude mice. One week after fibroblasts transplantation new tissue was observed in the muscle. Majority of new tissue was evaluated as cartilage and calcification in the matrix was confirmed by Von Kossa stain as well as electron microscopy. Two weeks after transplantation, spongy bone was built up and adipocytes were observed in intertrabecular spaces. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts were observed in the bony tissue surface. In the result of Von Kossa-Van Gieson stain, osteolysis was dominant in bony trabeculae. Bone marrow was established in 4th weeks with intertrabecular space filled up by hematopoietic cells. At the 6th weeks, the number of trabeculae decreased and thickness of the cortical bone was increased. A great part of bone matrix has laminar structure which run paralleled to surface and which included osteocytes and canaliculi. These data demonstrate that cell mediated AdBMP-7 for gene therapy initiate development of cartilage and calcification of matrix within 1 week and complete bone and bone marrow formation within 4 weeks, so then, could be made practical application for promotion of osteoinduction.

다문화가족 한국인 남편의 일상생활 스트레스 인지가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

박인아(Park, In A),윤정수(Yoon Jung Soo),박지선(Park, Ji Sun),김정숙(Kim, Jung Suk),나카지마 카즈오(Nakajima, Kazuo) 강원대학교 사회과학연구원 2012 사회과학연구 Vol.51 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 스트레스-평가-대처 이론을 기초로 외국인 여성과 결혼한 한국인 남편의 일상생활에 대한 스트레스가 아내와의 연령차, 아내의 한국어 습득수준, 남편의 월수입 그리고 결혼지속정도와 한국인 남편의 정신건강과의 관계를 매개하는지 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 2009년 C도 여성정책개발원이 다문화가족 한국인 남편을 대상으로 실시한 ‘다문화가족의 일상생활문제에 관한 설문조사’ 자료를 활용하였다. 연구모형의 주요 변수에 모두 응답한 총 242명의 자료를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 남편의 일상생활 스트레스(아내에 대한 부정적 감정, 가족 및 이웃에 대한 부정적 감정, 경제적 압박감) 인지를 매개변수로 하고 GHQ-12로 측정한 정신건강을 종속변수, 아내와의 연령차, 부인의 한국어 습득상황, 남편의 월수입, 결혼지속기간을 독립변수로 하는 인과관계모형의 데이터에 대한 적합성을 구조방정식모형으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 남편의 일상생활 스트레스 인지가 남편의 소득수준 및 아내의 한국어 습득수준과 남편의 정신건강과의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 남편의 일상생활 스트레스 인지의 세 가지 하위요인별 매개효과를 검증한 결과 경제적 압박감 요인만이 소득수준과 정신건강의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 다문화가족 한국인 남편의 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인은 국제결혼으로 인한 지역사회 또는 가족이나 아내와의 갈등보다 경제적 어려움임을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study was to verify if the stress perception of Korean husbands who married foreign wives mediate the relationship between age gap with wives, Korean language level of wives, monthly income of husbands, continuance of marriage and mental health of the husbands. For the purpose of this study, ‘Survey on everyday life of multicultural families’ by C District of Korean Women’s Policy Development Institute in 2009 was used. The data from the total 242 people who answered all major variables of research model were used for the final analysis. Stress perception of the husbands in their everyday lives (negative feeling toward their wives, negative feeling toward family and neighbors and financial pressure) was set as media variables, mental health measured by GHQ?12 was set as dependent variable, and the age gap between husband and wife, Korean proficiency of wives, monthly income of husband and period of marriage were set as independent variables. The appropriateness of data of cause and effect relationship model was analyzed with structural equation model. From the analysis, it was found that stress perception of husbands mediated the relationship between husband’s monthly income, wife’s Korean language proficiency and husband’s mental health. When the mediation effect of three sub?factors in stress perception of husbands was reviewed, only financial pressure was proved to mediate the relationship between income level and mental health. Through these results, this study proposed that policy supports should be made to improve their financial power in order to maintain or promote mental health of Korean husbands in multicultural families.

자가면역성 뇌척수염 흰쥐의 활성화된 신경아교세포에서 증가된 osteopontin의 발현

박석재,황인선,김규범,신태균,지영흔,Park, Suk-jae,Hwang, In-sun,Kim, Gyu-beom,Shin, Tae-kyun,Jee, Young-heun 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by remittance and relapse of the disease and autoimmune and demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmune inflammation is maintained by secretion of a large number of protein. Previous studies have suggested that transcripts encoding osteopontin (OPN) are frequently detected in the mRNA population of MS plaques. To elucidate the functional role of OPN in initiation and development of EAE, we examined the expression and localization of OPN in the spinal cord during acute EAE. We demonstrated that OPN significantly increased at the early stage of EAE and slightly declined thereafter by western blot analysis. An immunohistochemical study revealed that OPN was constitutively expressed in some glial cells (microglia, astrocytes) of white matter and neurons in the CNS of control rats. OPN expression was shown to be increased in the same cells at the early and peak stage of EAE. To identity cells expressing OPN by double-immunofluorescence labeling, we labeled rat spinal cord sections for OPN with a monoclonal OPN antibody and with mAbs for astrocyte (GFAP), microglia/macrophage (OX42)-specific markers. The major cell types of OPN-expressing cells were activated astrocytes and microglia in the adjacent inflammatory lesions. Interestingly, OPN was mainly expressed in the end feet of astrocytes around vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressing endothelial cells of CNS blood vessel. These findings suggest that increased levels of OPN in activated glial cell may play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the CNS parenchyma during EAE.

두통처방에 대한 문헌 예비연구

박보라 ( Bo Ra Park ),박인숙 ( In Suk Park ),김지훤 ( Ji Hwon Kim ),류영수 ( Yeoung Su Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ),김태헌 ( Tae Heon Kim ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2009 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: To study for classifying indications and procedure of historical changes, as a preliminary study, we collected and arranged prescriptions of headaches in medical documents after 『Hwang-Je-Nae-Gyeong』. Methods: 1. The researcher reviewed books, as a bibliography, recording to associate with a headaches in 『UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok』. 2. In reference books, we collected and arranged the herb medicines related to headaches in chapter of them. 3. In case of no chapter associated with headaches in books, we found prescriptions related to headaches and rearranged them. 4. Applied or added herb medicines were excluded, if the chief virtue was not primarily for headaches. 5. Prescriptions for signs to headaches related to dizziness were excluded. 6. Prescriptions for signs to associated with tremor were excluded. 7. We excluded prescriptions of headaches for dermatological disease. Results and conclusions: 1. Thirty seven documents were referred to the section of a headche in 『UI-Bu-Jeon-Rok』. 2. Prescriptions of 『Sang-Han-Ron』, which were related to headaches, were repeatedly quoted in chinese medical publications. 3. Nameless prescriptions of headaches were recorded from earlier books to later publications. 4. It started to record prescriptions of headaches separately from 『Hawl-In-Seo』 in 1107. 5. Described how to discriminate Naesang from Oegam, but prescriptions of headache were not listed in Dongwon Yi`s 『Nae-Oe-Sang-Byeon-Hok-Ron』 which was published in 1247.

호스피스 병동에 입원한 환자 가족과 사별 가족의 만족도

박테레지아,라정란,서인옥,조영이,최숙경,박명희,허정희,김은경,Park, Theresia,Ra, Jeong-Ran,Seo, In-Ok,Cho, Young-Yee,Choi, Suk-Kyung,Park, Myung-Hee,Heo, Jeong-Hee,Kim, Eun-Kyung 한국호스피스완화의료학회 1999 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.2 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 강남성모병원 호스피스 병동에 입원한 환자 가족과 사별 가족을 대상으로 호스피스 병동에 입원하여 돌봄을 받았던 내용에 대한 만족도를 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방법 : 1998년 4월에서 6월까지 강남성모병원 호스피스 병동에 입원한 환자 가족 33명과 1993년 3월에서 1998년 3월까지 입원하여 임종한 사별 가족 30명을 대상으로 하였고, 본 연구의 자료수집은 QI(Quality Improvement)의 조사원이 시행하였으며 입원 환자 가족은 입원 $1{\sim}2$주 가족에게 질문지를 직접 배부하였고 사별 가족은 주소 화인을 통해 설문지를 우편으로 발송하여 회수하였다. 결과 : 1) 입원 환자 가족과 사별 가족의 만족도는 평점 최대 5.0에 비하여 평점 3.50 이상이었다. 2) 연령에 따른 만족도는 입원 환자 가족에서 호스피스 철학, 가족지지, 의사 진료, 간호사 돌봄 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(P=0.0001) 사별 가족에서는 가족지지, 의사 진료, 간호사 돌봄, 병동 시설 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.0001). 3) 가족관계에 따른 만족도는 입원 환자 가족에서 호스피스 철학, 가족 간호, 의사 진료, 간호사 돌봄 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.0001). 4) 종교에 따른 만족도는 입원 환자 가족에서 호스피스 철학, 가족 간호, 간호사 돌봄 영역에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(P=0.0001) 사별 가족에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 호스피스 돌봄은 말기 암 환자의 가족에게 몇 가지 측면에서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 결과를 보였다. 가족의 만족도를 높여주기 위해서는 각 분야의 호스피스 팀 접근을 통한 간호가 필요하며 사회경제적 특성에 따라 다양하게 요구되는 가족의 요구를 살펴보아야 하겠다. 또한 추후 대상자를 확대하여 연구할 필요가 있음을 제언한다. Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the satisfaction in the hospice services provided for inpatient families and bereaved families whose members had been admitted to the hospice unit at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital to improve the quality of care for the terminally ill patients and their families. Methods : This sample consisted of 33 families of hospice patients during the period of April to lune, 1998 and 30 bereaved families whose patients had died from March, 1993 to March, 1998. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results : 1) The satisfaction level of inpatient families and bereaved families showed the mean value of 3.5 where the highest value is 5.0. 2) According to age, the level of satisfaction of inpatient families had significant differences in the fields of hospice philosophy, support for the family, medical management and nursing management(P=0.0001). The level of satisfaction of bereaved families showed significant differences in the field of support for the family, medical management, nursing management, and facilities of the hospice unit(P=0.0001). 3) By family relationship, the level of satisfaction of inpatient families had significant differences in the fields of hospice philosophy, support for the family, medical management and nursing management (P=0.0001). 4) According to religion, the level of satisfaction of inpatient families had significant differences in the fields of hospice philosophy, support for the family and nursing management (P=0.0001), but there was no significant difference for the bereaved families. Conclusions : The findings of this study showed that hospice services had positive influence on families with terminal disease such as cancer. To improve the level of satisfaction in the hospice services for families with hospice patients, we need to provide care by an interdisciplinary hospice team approach, and to assess needs of the families according to their socio-psychological characteristics. Further studies need to be conducted with large samples.

정상 및 저산소 배양에서 사람 태반융모이식편의 조직 생존에 대한 연구

박세나 ( Se Na Park ),이유선 ( Yu Sun Lee ),심인숙 ( In Suk Shim ),이수윤 ( Soo Yoon Lee ),박미혜 ( Mi Hye Park ),김승철 ( Seung Cheol Kim ),박수연 ( Soo Yun Park ),전선희 ( Sun Hee Chun ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.3

Objective: In vitro study systems for research of placental hypoxia are needed, among which human placental villous explant culture technique under experimentally variable condition is commonly used. So we performed this study to assess the viability of placental villous explant in normoxic and hypoxic culture that can provide validity for that system. Method: Placental villous explant tissues obtained from 9 cases of normal term pregnancies were incubated in normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (2~5% O2) condition for 72 hours. The viability of tissue was evaluated morphologically by microscopic examination and biochemically by LDH assay at variable time interval (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours). The apoptosis of the tissue was assessed by TUNEL assay. Result: By light microscope, all of H&E stained placental explant tissue sections in normoxic and hypoxic culture showed intact villous integrities without definitive syncytial sloughing and fibrinoid necrosis as time elapsed. Tissue viability of LDH assay during 6, 24, 48, 72 hours of placental villous explants showed over all 52.3~67.6% and didn`t show statistically significant difference between normoxic and hypoxic culture. Tissue viability in both groups maintained 61.2∼67.6% for the first 24 hours and eventually decreased with time. TUNEL assay showed over all negative findings in normoxic and hypoxic culture at different time periods. Conclusion: In vitro human placental explant culture system can be a useful and feasible technique for research of placental hypoxia which is related to development of obstetrical complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and preterm labor and so on. But our in vitro placental explant system needs some modification in culture condition and technique for maximizing viability of the tissue.

수돗물 부식성 제어를 통한 수도관 부식방지 : 부식억제제별 효과와 영향에 대한 분석

박영복 ( Young-bog Park ),박주현 ( Ju-hyun Park ),박은희 ( Eun-hee Park ),이진숙 ( Jin-suk Lee ),김현돈 ( Hyen-ton Kim ),최영준 ( Young-june Choi ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Chung ),허유정 ( Yu-jeong Huh ),최인철 ( In-cheol Choi ) 한국부식방식학회 2016 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.15 No.6

The tap water used in Seoul was found to be corrosive. Its corrosivity was effectively reduced by that the additions of alkali agent such as NaOH, Ca(OH)₂ and corrosion inhibitor such as H₃PO₄. For the corrosion test, carbon steel pipe 50 m long was exposed to the drinking water produced by a pilot plant at 36.5 ℃, similar to the existing process where it takes about 20 minutes to reduce the initial chlorine content of 0.5 ㎎/L to 0.05 ㎎/L. CO₂ and Ca(OH)₂ was added not only to control the Langelier index (LI) above -1.0 and but also, to increase the duration time of residual chlorine by about 6 times. The persistence effect of residual chlorine was in the order of H₃PO₄ > Ca(OH)₂ > NaOH. Measurements of weight loss showed that corrosion inhibition was effective in order of Ca (OH)₂ > H₃PO₄ > NaOH > no addition, where the concentrations of Ca(OH)₂ and phosphate were 5 ~ 10 ㎎/L (as Ca²⁺) and 1 ㎎/L (as PO₄^3-), respectively.

면역 분변잠혈검사에 영향을 미치는 대장암과 대장선종의 인자에 관한 연구

박두호(Doo Ho Park),이보인(Bo In Lee),최규용(Kyu Yong Choi),배상수(Sang Soo Bae),김병욱(Byung Wook Kim),최 황(Hwang Chol),박수헌(Soo Heon Park),채현석(Hyun Suk Chae),최명규(Myung Gyu Choi),정인식(In Sik Jung),이세영(Se Young Lee) 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Background/Aims: Since immunological fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) was introduced in Korea, there has been no study on factors of colorectal cancer and adenoma which affect iFOBTs. Thus, we compared the sensitivity of the iFOBT according to differentiations and locations of colorectal cancers and sizes, histological types, degrees of dysplasia, numbers and locations of adenomas. Methods: Sixty patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer and 174 patients with colorectal adenoma who underwent colonoscopy, were included in this study. They underwent iFOBTs for their two consecutive specimens before clonoscopy examinations. Results: There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of the iFOBT according to the differentiation and the location of colorectal cancers (p=0.061 and p=0.399, respectively). The univariate analysis of colorectal adenomas showed that the positive rates of the iFOBT were increased as the size of adenoma was bigger, the degree of dysplasia was severer and the number of adenoma was larger (p=0.000, p=0.009 and p=0.015, respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis, only the size of adenoma was significant (p=0.000). Conclusions: The iFOBT is a useful screening method which is not influenced by the location and the differentiation of colorectal cancer, but its usefulness is limited in colorectal adenoma less than 1cm. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;37:428-435)

대장 흑색소증의 임상적 고찰

박인서(In Suh Park),문영명(Young Myoung Moon),정재복(Jae Bock Chung),이상인(Sang In Lee),김원호(Won Ho Kim),이관식(Kwan Sik Lee),정현주(Hyeon Joo Jeong),박효진(Hyo Jin Park),정준표(Jun Pyo Chung),박경아(Kyung Ah Park),남문석(Moon Suk 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.5

N/A Melanosis coli associated with ingestion of anthraquinone compounds in laxatives is due to accumulation of macrophages containing brown lipofuscin-like pigments in the lamina propria. We analyzed the clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic findings and colonic motor functions of melanosis coli and performed electronmicroscopic study to know the ultrastructural changes of neural elements. We studied 13 cases (mean age 48.1 +- 18.5 years, male to female cases 6:7). The vegetable laxatives containing anthraquinone derivatives, aloe or bisacodyl were used mainly and the mean duration of laxative abuse was l.5 +- 1.2 years. Endoscopically, dark brownish mucosal disoloration showed polyhedral forms divided by fine striae of lighter color. Melanosis was more intense in the more oral part of the bowel. Pathologically, no relationship was found between grade of melanosis and kind of drugs, daily dose, or durat.ion of addiction. Ultrastructural features on nerve structure were ballooning of axon. reduction of nerve specific cell organelles, and increased lysosomal activity. The alterations of these neural elements are assumed to he associated with impaired colonic motility. In conclusion, vegetable laxatives such as aloe, seem to be an important causes of melanosis coli in Korea. melanosis coli have a tendency to damage nerve fibers. We should avoid laxative abuse in order to prevent pragressing to cathartic colon.