일반논문 : 노자상이주(老子想爾注) 양생윤리 -양생의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서-

정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),문석윤 ( Suk Yoon Moon ) 동양철학연구회 2013 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.75 No.-

본고는 『상이주』에 보이는 생명과 윤리의 논리를 양생윤리라는 개념으로 포착하고, 그것을 양생론의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서 고찰한 연구의 결과물이다. 외척, 환관정치로 인해 생명이 피폐해지고 社의 권위가 흔들린 후한대의 상황은 개인적 차원에 머물러 있던 양생에 사회화를 요구했고, 그 결과 양생은 윤리와 결합하게 되었다. 감정을 중요한 생명의 단서로 생각하고, 감정의 유로를 생명의 소실로 보는 기존의 전통 윤리적 관념은, 양생윤리의 배경이 되었다. 『상이주』 양생윤리의 전모는 『正統道藏30冊』 543쪽에 실려 있는 ``道 德尊經戒``에 보인다. 도덕존경계에는 『도덕경』 등에 보이는 퇴양과 인순의 지혜가 담겨 있기 때문에, 『상이주』 도계는 지혜의 격언과 도덕규범 이 혼재된 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 이 점은 『상이주』가 『도덕경』 주석서 형태를 띠고 있다는 점, 또 『도덕경』의 가르침이 도덕규범으로 발전할 소지가 있었다는 점 등으로 설명될 수 있다. 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통적 양생론과 달랐다. 그러므로 마음의 안정을 지향하던 전통윤리와는 다른, 생명과 윤리를 연결하는 별도의 기제가 요구되었다. 『상이주』의 저자는 선악판단과 수명의 심판자인 天曹, 수명의 증감을 기록한 계약서라는 관념 그리고 尸解라는 독특한 죽음관을 적절히 이용해서 ``선악-천조의 관할-생명의 증감``이라는 논리를 만들었다. 이 배후에는 감정적 동요는 도덕적 악의 상태에 해당한다는 전통적 윤리관이 전제되어 있다. 결국 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통윤리, 그리고 전통윤리의 배후에 있던 생명과 윤리의 결합이라는 관념이 당시의 민중 신앙과 섞여 만들어진 양생론이자 민중종교 윤리였던 셈이다. Nurturing life is one of the most important thoughts in ancient china. Xiang Er Zhu is the bible of Wou Dou Mi Tu(五斗米徒). I investigated Xiang Er Zhu from the perspective of Nurturing Life in this treatise. Nurturing Life first shown in Zhuang Zi(莊子) and Guan Zi(管子) had developed through Qin Hin(秦漢) period and changed itself in accordance with the demand of age. This change can be told to be the development of Nurturing Life Theory. In post han period, Nurturing Life Theory had to fit itself into the age request, socialization. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is the response to the request. China had some thoughts of the original form of Nurturing Life Ethic. Tai Ping Jing(太平經) is one of them. But the oldest model we can find would be in Guan Zi. In Guan Zi, we can find the thought that feeling stability cause health of mind and body. Nurturing Life in Xiang Er Zhu formed on the foundation of that thought. But it did not follow the same logic. It borrowed such concepts as Tai Yin(太陰), Tian Cao(天曹) from folk religion. Folk religion was familiar with the chinese and had the power to enforce moral behavior. People should keep Dao Jie(道誡) not to lessen his life by punishment of Tian Cao. But Zao Shen(조神) or San Shi(三尸) that report guilty of person to Tian Cao in Daoism Ethic is not in Xiang Er Zhu. Instead, Xiang Er Zhu proposed the technique of Shi Jie(尸解), revival from death. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is folk religion ethic founded on the traditional ethic orienting feeling stability and the cohesion of life and ethic behind traditional ethic.

솔-젤법에 의한 Nb_2O_5-Fe_2O_3 혼합산화물의 제조 및 산 특성조사

정석조,양희정,권재범,이내우,우희철 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

In this study, some of results from a study conducted on the preparation of niobium coated hematite particles to be used as a catalyst are presented.α-Fe_2O_3 (hematite) particles obtained by aging an acidic solution of ferric(Ⅲ) ions at high temperature were first prepared as core particles and synthesised by hydrolysis at high temperature with layers of amorphous niobium pentaoxide (Nb_2O_5) deposited by the hydrolysis of niobium pentachloride. The effects of varying molecular ratio of Nb/Fe (10/1, 5/1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10) were studied. The synthesised particles were characterized for their physical and chemical properties using XRD, SEM, TPD, BET etc. The process of the surface coating showed heterocoagulation rather than surface nucleation and growth. A preliminary investigation of the acidic characterization and specific surface area of the synthesised particles showed that these particles can achieve an acidic characteristic changed and enhanced specific surface area of that of pure niobia and α-Fe_2O_3 prepared here.

성인원외폐렴의 원인미생물에대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : 성인원외폐렴의 원인으로 세균의 역할을 중심으로

우준희,강재명,김양수,신완식,류진홍,최정현,김양리,정희진,어수택,박춘식,정문현,정기석,이찬주,류지소 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Communite-acquired peumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Despite progress in diagnostic techniques and treatments, management of pneumonia remains challenging, because the precise etiology remains uncertain in as many as 49% of cases. The limitaions of identifying etiologic agents make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric antibiotic regimen. For the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, we should know the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community. Methods : A prospective multicenter study of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea was carried out between May 1997 and April 2000. The microbiologic diagnosis was based on the results of sputum culture, blood culture and pleural culture. Results : Five hundred eighty eight cases of community-acquired peumonia in 562 patients admitted to the hospitals. The mean age was 59.9 with male predominance (58.3%), and 370 (63%) had underlyin gillness. The etiologic agents were identified in 38.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was Streprococcus pneumoniae (21.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), viridans group streptococci (5.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%), Hemophillus Influenza (3.8%), The rates of admission to the intensive care unit was 10.4%. The motality was 7.1%. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Forty percents of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. K. penumoniae were susceptible to cephalosporin and quinolone. Conclusion : In Korea, S.pneumoniae is the most important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Gram negative bacteria such as K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa showed high incidence when compared with that of other countries. Most of them had underlying diseases including bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:1∼7, 2001)

부산 서구 저탄소 녹색도시사업을 통한 지역환경 개선 및 활성화 방안 연구

정숙진, 윤성환, 우신구 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2012 부산연구 Vol.10 No.-

전 세계의 환경문제인 기후변화에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해 새로운 국가 비전인 저탄소 녹색도시을 견인할 수 있는 지역·권역별 녹색도시화 특성화 방안을 제시함으로서 기후변화에 대응할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 부산 원도심인 서구 충무동·남부민동의 풍부한 자연자원과 다양한 역사·문화자원을 활용한 저탄소 녹색성장과 환경보호를 양립시켜 새로운 성장동력과 지역경제 활성화로 도시재생방안을 마련한다. 녹색기술을 활용한 경사지 주거재생, 도심형 항만재생, 원도심 상권재생의 3대 목표를 설정하고 6대 핵심 전략을 중심으로 지속가능한 녹색도시를 조성한다. 서구 저탄소 녹색도시 선도사업에서 노후화된 주거시설을 개선하기 위한 하우스 프로젝트을 통해 지역성에 맞는 주거모델을 제시하고 친환경 기술요소를 이용하여 자체에너지 생산, 그린 인프라를 이용하여 생태복원 및 바람길을 연결하여 미기후 조절을 가능하게 한다. 그리고 도심형 항만재생에서는 공동어시장에 발생하는 유기성폐기물을 바이오매스시스템 구축을 통하여 바이오에너지를 생산하며 해양친수공간 조성과 천마산을 연결하는 그린네트워크를 형성하여 부산의 대표적인 저탄소 녹색성장 명품도시로 조성한다. By suggesting the green city characterization measure for each region and zone that can lead the low carbon green city which is a new national vision in order to actively cope with the climate change, the global environment issue, we aim to seek for the measure to build up low carbon green city suitable for local characteristics. With low carbon green growth and environment protection by using abundant natural resources and various historical/cultural resources in Seo-gu Chungmu-dong and Nambumin-dong, the old downtown of Busan, the city reclamation measure can be prepared based on a new growth driving force and local economic vitalization. It is a general measure related to easing and adapting to climate change like water circulation, including setting up the three main goals like reclamation of residence on slopes, urban ports and business districts in old downtown based on green technology, and the six core strategies like establishing system of carbon reduction through using low carbon energy, improving the transportation structure through introducing green traffic system, having water/resource circulation system through low carbon circulation resource, having green construction system through applying green technology and environmentfriendly materials, building up ecotype greens based on the carbon absorption system through management of greens and urban forest and creating green community through private and public green partnership. It is possible to control microclimate by connecting wind ways, restoring ecology through using green infrastructure and producing its own energy based on environment-friendly technical elements as also suggesting residental models suitable for local characteristics based on the house project to improve obsolete residential facilities with low carbon green city leading project in Seo-gu. For the urban port reclamation, bio-energy is produced by building up biomass system through organic waste generated in the joint fish market. As also forming waterfront and green network connecting with Mt. Cheonma, it can be the representative low carbon green growth city in Busan.

初期發熱患者에 대한 防風解毒湯의 經時的 解熱效果

정우상,문상관,조기호,김영석,배형섭,이경섭 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.4

수준별 교육과정의 효율적 운영을 위한 학생평가 방안 연구

김석우,김정섭,정성아 한국교육과정학회 2004 교육과정연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 일반계 고등학교를 대상으로 수준별 교육과정의 학생평가의 실태를 진단하고 그 문제점을 명확히 하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국어, 사회, 수학, 과학, 영어 5개 교과의 학생평가를 교과의 기본과정, 심화·보충 과정, 특별보충과정, 지원체제의 네 가지 영역으로 나누어 질문지 조사 방법을 통하여 조사·분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 총괄평가의 내용에 기본과정 뿐만 아니라 심화·보충 과정이 모두 포함되는 경우가 많았으며, 교회에 따라 다소 차이가 있지만, 수준별 집단편성을 위한 평가는 대체로 실시하지 않고 있었고, 수준별 평가지는 평가결과 처리의 어려움과 학생들의 수준을 나누는 어려움 때문에 대부분 사용되지 않고 있었다. 수행평가에서는 평가에 소요되는 시간과 노력, 평가결과의 신뢰성 확보가 가장 큰 어려움으로 드러났다. 또한 특별보충과정 대상자를 선정하는 기준은 대부분 지필평가의 결과에 의존하고 있었으며, 이들에 대한 과정 이수 평가와 추후지도는 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있었다. '절대평가기준'과 교육인적자원부·교육청에서 지원하는 평가자료 에듀넷 등에서 제공하는 평가문항의 활용도는 매우 낮았으며, 이들의 활용도가 낮은 이유는 홍보부족과 학생 수준과의 불일치, 내용 부실 등으로 나타났다. 교사들은 교과와 관련된 평가 연수의 경험이 부족하였고, 다양한 수행평가 방법과 문항제작에 대한 연수 기회의 확대를 요구하는 것으로 드러났다. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current states and the problems of student assessment of the differentiated curriculum at the academic high school. For that purpose, this study had the focus-group interviews and conducted a survey. The survey items that were developed through focus-group interviews consisted of the four main parts: questions about the basic courses, the enriched ? supplementary courses, the special supplementary courses, and the support systems. The scope of the study, however, was limited to five curriculum areas: Korean language, Mathematics, Social studies, Science, and English. The results of this study are as the follow: First, high school teachers perceived that the summative evaluation in general includes the contents of the enriched supplementary courses as well as those of the basic courses, that there is no student assessment for grouping students on the basis of their achievement level, and that high school teachers do not use a differentiated test because of difficulties in grouping students and reporting the assessment results. Second, teachers perceived that they have spent a lot of time and effort to develop a differentiated assessment, that they depended heavily on a paper-and-pencil test to select students who are going to take the special supplementary comes, and that they do not provide appropriate feedbacks to students after the special supplementary courses end. Third, the results indicate that teachers usually do not use the materials that Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development and the Office of Education offer. Also teachers believed that the lack of advertisement is the main reason why they do not use those materials. Finally, teachers perceived that they do not have enough training related to student assessment in a differentiated curriculum and that they want to have trainings about the various types of performance assessment and the item building methods.

구조방정식모형의 검증방법에 대한 제고찰

김석우,정혜영 부산대학교 사범대학 1999 교사교육연구 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review various assessment of fit structural equation model(SEM). SEM is considered to be the most powerful technique to root out causalities among variables, but even with the power and flexibility of the SEM, a number of limitations still remain. Especially, various assessment methods of fit have strength and weakness. There are overall model fit, measurement model fit, and structural model fit in the goodness-of-fit criteria. First, overall model fit is a measure of the correspondence of the actual or observed input(covariance or correlation) matrix with that predicted from the proposed model. Second, measurement model fit is to assess the measurement of each construct for unidimensionality and reliability. Third, structural model fit is to assess the significance of estimated coefficients. The goodness-of-fit measures fall into three types as follows : absolute fit measures, incremental fit measures, or parsimonious fit measures. The absolute fir measures assess only the overall model fit with no adjustment for the degree of overfitting. Among the absolute fit measures commonly used to evaluate SEM are the Chi-square statistic, the noncentrality parameter, the goodness-of-fit statistic, the root mean square error, the root mean square error of approximation, and the expected cross-validation index. The incremental fit measures compare the proposed model to a comparison model specified by the research through adjusted goodness-of-fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, normed fit index, and so on. Finally, the parsimonious fit measures adjust the measures of fit to provide a comparison between models with differing numbers of estimated coefficients, the purpose being to determine the amount of fit achieved by each estimated coefficient. There are parsimonious normed fit index, parsimonious goodness-of-fit index, normed chi-square, and Akaike information criterion. It is concluded that no single measure or set of measures have been agreed upon as the only measures needed. Therefore the researcher must choose one or more measures according to sample size, the quality and distribution of variables, the levels of acceptable fit, etc.

손상평가도를 이용한 용접구조물의 균열형 결함에 대한 사용적합성 평가

李精錫,朱章福,張宰溢,金禹植,고영대,權東一 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.10

Flaws nucleated during operation of structures such as nuclear power plants, petroleum facilities and gas equipment raise many safety problems, and thus the integrity assessment of crack-like flaws in structures has been very important. Since large-scale structures include weldments with complex micro-structures and inhomogeneous material properties, it is essential to consider both metallurgical and mechanical factors. In this study, a methodology for integrity assessment in welded structures was developed based on API 5L X65 grade natural gas pipeline (an approximately 2400 ㎞ pipeline in Korea). A failure assessment diagram(FAD), which includes all failure modes from linear elastic fracture to plastic collapse, was used for integrity and fitness-for-service(FFS) assessment of the pipeline. Since tensile properties and fracture toughness of base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone(HAZ) are required for the FAD, tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were performed on each region. In particular, the evaluation of representative properties of HAZ make it possible to assess FFS accurately by using the HAZ-based FAD when crack-like flaws exist in HAZ. This HAZ-based FAD is different from current codes, which assess integrity by the material properties of weld metal or base metal even when flaws exist in HAZ.

흡연력을 고려한 궤양성 대장염 발생과 충수 절제술 사이의 상관 관계

남승우,양석균,정훈용,심기남,조병동,김승용,박의련,홍원선,민영일 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

保健關係機關 및 團體와 社會敎育機關의 保健敎育實態에 關한 調査硏究

韓喜晶,李時伯,申碩旴,趙恒奭,鄭惠瓊 韓國保健敎育學會 1988 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.5 No.1