Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies

Lee,Jee-won 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1

Lee, Jee-won. 2012. Gesture, Gaze, and Bodily Cues in Mandarin Conversation: Two Case Studies. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(1). pp. 213-234. This study uses discourse analysis to illustrate some ways that non-verbal actions such as gaze, facial expression, and gesture work to contextualize the speech delivered in conversation. These bodily cues also enable participants to organize interactions as collaborative creations of meaning rather than simply a turn-by-turn exchange of speech. This study uses two excerpts from Mandarin Chinese conversations to illustrate how non-verbal cues help speakers and recipients to engage in collaborative action with one another. Speakers give recipients information about their stances vis-à-vis the speech they produce, and recipients use this information to manage their reactions to the speech they hear. Non-verbal actions also allow both parties to mutually regulate the flow of conversation. In both examples, it becomes clear that gaze, facial expression, and gesture are important elements of spoken interaction and that conversation as a whole should be understood as a contextual web of meaning that includes speech, body language, and overall social interaction.

기관지 방선균증의 임상 1례

이은영,장태원,정만홍,옥철호,이규원,손창배,이지숙,신은경,서정아,백종현,김영옥 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection, whitch infiltrates mucosa-associated tissues. Thoracic, pelvic and cervicofacial infections of actinomyces are not uncommon, but endobronchial actinomycosis is rarely reported. We report a case of a 29 year old man who presented with a recurrent pneumonia and chronic cough. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed occlusion of the right. lower medio-basal segment bronchus with exophytic endobronchial mass. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically by demonstration of sulfur granules in the bronchoscopic biopsy of the mass. Intravenous administration of amoxacillin and clindamycin followed by oral amoxacillin and clindamycin therapy resulted in complete recovery.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

건전지의 본질안전 방폭성 평가에 관한 연구

지승욱,이광식,이동인,박원주,이춘하,김하호 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Ignitability of explosive gas mixture by spark of dry cell in case of short circuit by accident was studied for the purpose of evaluation of intrinsically safe characteristics of dry cell that manufactured in Korea. IEC type spark test apparatus, 21±2[vol%] of hydrogen-air mixture, and dry cell that produced in Korea was used for the experiment. The result of this research could be used for design, manufacturing and using the intrinsically safe electrical apparatus.

C_57BL/6계 생쥐와 Nude계 생쥐의 오금림프절내 림프소절 및 종자중심의 분포에 관한 3차원적 연구

지연근,이원규,안희경 慶熙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

This study was aimed to clarify the distribution of lymph follicles and germinal centers in the lymph nodes of the C_57BL/6 and nude strain mice. Male adult mice were used in this study. After animal were sacrificed, the right popliteal lymph nodes were removed and fixed in Zenker-formol solution for 3 hours and embedded in JB-4 resin. One of every two section, cut 3㎛ in thickness serially, was stained with May-Gru‥nwald and Giemsa solution. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. The number of lymph follicles per popliteal lymph node was average 11.25 C_57BL/6 mice but, the number of lymph follicles in nude mice was 20.25. In C_57BL/6 mice major distribution(8.5) of the lymph follicles situated in peripheral cortex overlying the unit(PCOU). In unde mice major distribution(14) is peripheral cortex beyond the unit(PCBU). 2. The thickness of most lymph follicles was between 0.01-0.19 mm in C_57BL/6 mice. But in nude mice the thickness of most of lymph follicles was between 0.20-0.39mm 3. The number of lymph follicies contained germinal center was 8.75 in nude mice. But C_57BL/ 6 mice was not observed germinal centers. 4. The average number of deep cortex is 1.5 and shape is semiovoid in C_57BL/6 mice. Spherical shaped deep cortex was observed and the number of that is one in nude mice. In stained section low density deep cortex was observed in nude mice specifically. 5. The size of lymph follicle in C_57BL/6 mice is 0.405mm and in nude mice 0.795mm

별불가사리(Asterina pectinifera)의 난자형성 과정 중 난모세포 표면의 미세구조적 변화 : Mu¨ller and Troschel

이양림,한지원 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1994 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

별불가사리 난자형성 중 난모세포(직경 7-170㎛) 표면의 구조적 변화를 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 직경 25-155㎛의 난모세포에서 'endocytosis'와 관련된 구조인 coated pit, coated vesicle과 내포소낭이 존재하였으며, 내포소낭은 난황립과 융합하였다. 특히, 이러한 융합은 직경 130-155㎛의 난모세포에서 많이 관찰되었다. 난자형성 초기에 난모세포의 미세융모는 세포막을 따라 무질서하게 분포하고, 인접한 세포와 맞닿아 있었다. 직경 15㎛에서 65㎛에 이르는 난모세포는 세포막 부위에 따라서 미세융모의 굵기와 길이, 그리고 형태가 다르게 나타났고, 직경 100㎛ 이상의 난모세포에서는 잘 발달된 미세융모가 난황층에 존재하였다. 여포세포로부터 나온 돌기는 직경 7㎛의 난모세포와 난자형성 후기의 난모세포에서 난황층을 뚫고 세포막과 닿아 'junctional complex'를 형성하였다. 이와같은 난모세포 표면의 다양한 구조적 변화는 난모세포의 세포막을 통한 물질투과 기능의 분화와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Ultrastructural changes at the surfaces of oocytes (7-170 ㎛ in diameter) during oogenesis of Asterina pectinifera were studied with a transmission electron microscope. Coated pits, coated vesicles and endocytic vesicles were confirmed in oocytes ranging from 25 ㎛ to 155 ㎛, suggesting that endocytosis may be involved in oogenesis of A. pectinifera. Endocytic vesicles are fused with forming yolk granules and the fusion is the most active at the stage later than 130 ㎛ diameter. Microvilli are randomly distributed at the surface of oocyte in the early stage and make contact with the microvilli of the other cells. In oocytes ranging from 15 ㎛ to 65 ㎛, microvilli are varied in thickness, length and configuration, whereas microvilli are well developed between vitelline coats in oocyte greater than 100 ㎛. Follicle cell processes were observed to reach the membrane of oocyte through the vitelline coat and to form a junctional complex at the 7 ㎛ stage and the late stages of oogenesis. From observations it is evident that there are a few structurally-varied types in transporting yolk precursors, suggesting that structural differences may reflect functional differentiation during oogenesis.

Sporothrix schenckii와 관련주에 대한 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)분석

이지범,김민,이승철,원영호,김영표 대한의진균학회 2000 대한의진균학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Background: Sporotrichosis is a common deep cutaneous fungal disease caused by Sporothtix (S.) schenckii. The recent development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, in particular, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) or random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), has greatly enhanced the molecular detection and identification of various pathogenic agents, including fungi. Objective: This study was aimed to differentiate Sporothrix schenckii, and related fungi such as S. schenckii var. luriei, S. flocculosa, S. nivea, Ophiostoma stenoceras, and clinical isolates on the basis of distinct DNA band patterns in the RAPD. Methods: S. schendcii, S. schenckii var. luriei, S. flocculosa, S. niveㅁ, Ophiostoma stenoceras from ATCC and KCCM, and clinical 10 isolates from Chonnam University Hospital were used for RAPD analysis. For RAPD, 3 random primers were used. Genomic DNA was extracted by Liu method. Amplification reactions were performed in volumes of 50 μL containing 10 mM Tris-HCI (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Triton X-100, 200μM dNTP mixture, 40 pM primer, 1 U of Taq polymerase, DNA 20 ng. Results: 3 decamers (5'-TGCCGAGCTG-3', 5'-AGTCAGCCAC-3', 5'-AATCGGGCTG-3') are generated in the RAPD, distinct DNA products from S. schenckii forming characteristic band patterns upon gel electrophoresis. Each random primer amplified characteristic same band patterns in DNA from clinical 8 isolates among 10 isolates, 2 isolates have different DNA band patterns. These results suggest of being a Sporothrix anamorph different from S. schenckii in Korea. Conclusion: With 2 random primers (5'-TGCCGAGCTG-3', 5'-AGTCAGCCAC-3') S. schenckii and related fungi investigated produced distinct DNA band patterns on gel electrophoresis. The RAPD was a very valuable laboratory method for identification of S. schenckii isolates. [Kor J Med Mycol 5(3): 113-119]

무인 자동차의 코너링에 관한 수학적 모델링

이수종,정원지 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Unmanned vehicles have to decide their velocities suitable for the paths which should be generated by the vehicles themselves, based on the kinematic and dynamic aspects of vehicles. For this purpose, this paper is to propose a mathematical modeling of turning trace for the cornering of an unmanned vehicle by using normal-tangent coordinates as well as extracting the characteristics of behavior for car drivers in cornering. In the proposed modeling, the limitations of velocity can be determined based on the knowledge that the handling of drivers means the control of radius of curvature. The proposed modeling can reduce computational load and generate turning angles and velocities suitable for the cornering of unmanned vehicles.

공작기계 열변위 보정에 관한 연구

이인재,최영휴,정원지 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

본 논문은 공작기계 정도 저하의 주요 원인인 열변위를 간접 보정으로 보정하여 정도향상을 꾀하는 방법의 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법 으로서는 NC연삭기를 대상으로 하여 온도와 열변위를 측정한 다음 온도와 열변위 관계식을 회귀분석법을 사용하여 구하고 이를 CNC장치의 마크로 프로그램에 입력하여 보정시와 비보정시의 정도향상을 검증하는 가공실험을 실시하였다. 3차에 걸친 실가공 실험에서 기계 가동 4시간 이후를 기준으로 비보정시의 최대 28㎛의 가공오차가 12㎛으로 줄어드는 것과 표준편차량이 1/4로 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 가공초기에는 제안된 방법으로도 보정이 불안정하다는 것도 알았다.