어린이를 위한 미술관 교육프로그램 발전 방향

정경철,조은영 韓南大學校 敎育硏究所 2010 교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

Until recently, on-site training linked to school educations has been extended in South Korea. Art museum is an important on-site education place in the present and future for the children. The education at an art museum for the children who will lead the culture of the 21st century can be a fertilizer to grow them as a matured man of culture through various aesthetic experiences. Through the education at an art museum which is differentiated from that of school or other educational institutes, the children can raise aesthetic sensitivity, creativeness and artistic apprehension by directly touching and feeling the collection and sculptures displayed there. In this study, the developmental direction of children education program at an art museum is proposed by the literature review and survey. The results of this study are summarized as followings. First, a professional education department comprising professional educator should be organized to develop the children education program. Second, a positive cost support from government is necessary for the operation of art museum. Third, various art education programs that are matched to actual situations of our country and regional characteristics should be developed. Fourth, the children education program at an art museum should be performed with a practical lesson focusing on appreciation. Through this research, it is concluded that further researches and effort should be continuously made to provide various programs to the children who will become protagonists of future, so that they can get more familiar with art museum and raise creative thinking and abundant sensitivity through an art museum. 최근 어린이들에게 미술관은 학교교육과 연계한 현장학습 활동이 확대되면서 미래의 성숙된 교육현장으로 변모되어가고 있다. 어린이를 위한 미술관교육은 학교 또는 타 교육기관에서 이루어지는 교육과는 다르게 미술관 현장에 있는 전시품이나 조형물을 직접 만나면서 자연스럽게 미적 감수성이나 창의력, 감상능력을 기를 수 있는 것이 큰 장점이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 문헌연구와 실태조시를 통해 어린이 미술관 교육프로그램의 발전 방향을 탐색하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문 에듀케이터로 구성된 교육담당 부서가 만들어져 이 시대에 걸 맞는 창의적인 어린이 교육프로그램을 개발할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 둘째, 적극적인 프로그램운영 및 개발연구를 위한 관계기관의 지원이 필요하다. 셋째, 우리나라의 실정과 지역특성에 걸 맞는 다양한 미술교육 프로그램이 개발 되어야 한다. 넷째, 미술관의 어린이 교육프로그램은 제7차 미술교과 개정 교육과정과 연계하여 미적 체험, 표현, 감상으로 이루어져야 한다. 이와 같이 미래의 주역이 될 어린이들에게 다양하고 흥미로운 현장체험 프로그램을 통해 창의적인 사고와 풍부한 감수성을 키울 수 있도록 계속적인 연구와 노력이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Ⅱ급 과개교합 환자의 측두근 박리 전 후의 근육활성도에 관한 연구

김은경,김정기,김오환 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1992 전북치대논문집 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles between before and after the temporal muscle detachment from coronoid process in the Class Ⅱ deep bite patients. 12 persons of Class Ⅱ deep bite malocclusion whose mean age 18.4 years served for this study. The EMG data from the anterior temporal and superficial masseter muscles in both sides as mandibular elevators were recorded with the Physiograph MK-Ⅲ electromyographic machine. The EMG recordings were analysed during mandibular rest position, maximal biting and swallowing of saliva. The following results were obtained. 1. There was no significant difference during mandibular rest position and swallowing between before and after temporal muscle detachment at anterior temporal and masseter muscle. 2. The activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscle during maximal biting showed slightly increase at 8 weeks and 12-24 weeks after temporal muscle detachment, whereas showed significant decrease at 4 weeks after temporal muscle detachment. 3. In comparison of EMG activity during maximal biting between before and 12-24 weeks after temporal muscle detachment showed statistically nonsignificant difference in the anterior temporal muscle, however masseter muscle showed statistically difference(P<0.05).

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

결핵균 30 kDa 항원과 Triton X-100 Solubilized Protein 항원에 의한 대장암 주변 림프절 단핵구의 활성화

박정규,김광호,조은경,임재현,민들레,송영자,김화중,백태현 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Tumor-draining lymph node mononuclear (TDLMN) cells are specifically sensitized to the growing tumor but such cells are deficient for mediating an antitumor response. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using mycobacterial 30 kDa or Triton X-100 solubilized protein (TSP) antigen to stimulate mononuclear cells of colon cancer-draining lymph node for the generation of cell mediated immune effector cells. The proliferative response of TDLMN cells stimulated with mycobacterial 30 kDa or TSP antigen was determined by ^(3)H-thymidine incorporation assay. The proliferation of TDLMN cells to mycobacterial 30 kDa or TSP antigen was significantly increased in PPD (+) patients, but a poor response to the 30 kDa or TSP antigen was observed in PPD (-). The expression on γδ T cells to mycobacterial 30 kDa or TSP antigen was assessed by flow cytometry. The γδ T cells from PPD ( + ) patient responded only to 30 kDa antigen but to TSP antigen. An investigation of cytokine mRNA expression was undertaken using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to follow TDLMN cells stimulated with the 30 kDa or TSP antigens for 5 days. The IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression was only induced in TDLMN cells of PPD ( + ) patient in response to the 30 kDa or TSP antigen. The IL-2 mRNA expression was induced in both PPD (+) and PPD (-) in response to the 30 kDa or TSP antigen. But the IL-4 mRNA expression was not induced in response to the 30 kDa or TSP antigen. These results suggest that the 30 kDa and TSP antigens may serve as biologic response modifier for the generation of cell mediated immune effector cells.

HL-60 세포주를 이용한 결핵균항원의 세포성면역반응의 분석

박정규,강윤중,김운옥,임재현,송창화,조은경,김화중 충남대학교 의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.2

Most persons who become infected with M. tuberculosis mount a protective immune response and remain clinically well, the only evidence of infection being development of a positive tuberculin skin test. Five to 10% develop tuberculosis disease within the first 2 years after infection (primary tuberculosis) or thereafter (reactivation tuberculosis). Acquired resistance against tuberculosis paradigmatically rests on cell-mediated immunity, with the major factors being mononuclear phagocytes and T Lymphocytes. While the former cells act as the principal effectors, the latter ones serve as the predominant inducers of protection. The usefulness of the single dose of BCG routinely given in childhood in many developing countries in preventing far more commonly occurring tuberculosis in adults is in doubt. An effective and safe vaccine against tuberculosis is sorely needed. A subunit vaccine are capable of inducing protective immunity and could have substantial advantages over BCG or other whole-bacterium vaccines. The human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 adopted characteristic macrophage-like properties, including adherence and CD14 expression after a period of continuous culture at high ambient CO_(2) concentration. When HL-60 cells were cultured with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3) for 4 days, the cells acquired the activity to potentiate T cell proliferation by the 30 kDa or 38 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Therefore, vitamin D-treated HL-60 cells showed the function of the antigen presenting cells.

TIMSS-R 과학 성취도에서의 성 차이

이미경,홍미영,정은영 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

학업성취도 국제 비교 연구 결과에서 우리나라 남렛?학생의 과학 성취도 차이가 큰 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 TIMSS-R과학 성취도에서의 성 차이를 문항 수준에서 살펴보기 위하여 각 문항의 GDI(Gender Difference Index) 값을 산출하였다. 그리고 문항 유형, 성취수준, 내용 영역에 따른 GDI 값을 비교하였다. 문항 유형에 상관없이 우리나라와 국제 결과 모두 남학생이 여학생보다 성취도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 우리나라의 성차가 국제 평균보다 크게 나타났다. 특히 우리나라 여학생들은 선다형 문항에서 상대적으로 낮은 성취도를 나타내었다 성취수준에 따른 우리나라와 국제의 GDI 값을 비교해 보면, 상위 10%에 해당되는 문항들에 대해서는 우리나라의 GDI 값이 국제의 경우보다 낮게 나타났으나 그 이외의 성취수준에 해당되는 문항들에 대해서는 우리나라의 GDI 값이 더 높게 나타났고 특히 상위 50%에 해당되는 문항들의 경우 우리나라와 국제의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 내용 영역별로 남ㆍ여학생의 성취도를 비교했을 때는 과학 탐구와 과학의 본성 영역을 제외하고는 모든 내용 영역에서 우리나라 남학생들의 성취도가 여학생들보다 높았다. GDI가 10 이상인 문항 중 남학생들의 성취도가 높은 문항들은 생물과 지구과학 영역에 속하는 경우가 상대적으로 많았으며, 학교 교육과정에서 전혀 배우지 않은 문항들의 비율 또한 비교적 높았다. 그리고 남학생들이 높은 성취도를 보이는 문항은 전 수행 영역에 걸쳐서 비교적 골고루 분포되어 있었다. 이상에서와 같이 문항 유형, 성취수준, 내용 영역에 따라 과학에서의 남렛㈖剋萱?성취도 차이가 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 여학생들의 과학 성취도를 향상시키기 위한 방안을 모색하는 과정에서 보다 구체적인 방향을 제시할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of the study was to produce resources to help develop instructional methods and programs for school science to reduce gender differences in science achievement by analyzing TIMSS-R results according to item type, benchmark, and content category. Korean male students performed higher than Korean female students and gender differences of Korean students were higher than international means in all item types including multiple-choice, short answer, and extended response type. GDI(Gender Difference Index) of Korean students was lower than international mean in top 10% benchmark but higher than international means in other benchmarks. Korean male students also exhibited higher performance than Korean female students in all content categories except scientific inquiry and the nature of science category. Regarding items that GDIs were higher than 10, the number of items belonged to life science and earth science category was relatively larger and a high percentage of them was not included in school science curriculum. In addition, the items were equally distributed in each performance category. In sum, the study showed various gender differences according to item type, benchmark, and content category. The results could be used to find appropriate instructional methods to reduce gender differences in science achievement.

결핵항원에 의한 결핵환자 말초혈액 단핵구의 IL-2,IL-10 및 TNF-α mRNA 발현비교

박정규,임영재,김화중,조은경,민들레,임재현,최덕례,박성규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

The various clinical features of tuberculosis are mediated by diverse cytokines produced by various immune cells which are initially triggered by M. tuberculosis antigens. CD4+ T cells can be classified into two subsets according to the patterns of cytokines they produce; Thl cells give rise to cell-mediated immunity and are characterized by the production of IL-2 and IFN-y, whereas Th2 cells are more efficient in mediating antibody production and secrete II-4, IL-5, IL-6 and II-10, Thl cells can control Th2 cell and vice versa. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy, cured and chronic refractory tuberculosis patients were stimulated with PPD, TSP and PHA antigen, and lymphoproliferative response and expression of II-2, IL- 10, TNF-α mRNAs were measured. Lymphoproliferative responses to PPD, TSP and PHA antigen were depressed in chronic refractory case compared with others expression of IL-2 mRNA was depressed in chronic refractory case stimulated with all antigens. Expression of IL-10 and TNF-α were depressed in cured and chronic refractory cases stimulated with PPD and TSP antigens.

결핵성 흉막염 환자의 진단에 있어서 ICT Tuberculosis^(�) 검사를 이용한 유용성 연구

박희선,조은경,송창화,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

The incidence of tuberculous pleuritis is high in Korea where the disease is endemic. Diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis is often problematic for its difficulty in detecting microorganism by stain or culture and sometimes it is not available and to obtain specimens from the pleura because highly invasive procedures are needed. Repeated pleural biopsy is almost always hard for patients. Recent studies on tuberculosis have interest on new methods for accurate and rapid diagnosis. Serologic assay is one of the new imerging diagnostic method for tuerculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Total 38 subjects admitted in the Department of Respiratory Division of Internal Medicine of Chung-Nam National University Hospital are involved in this study. Median age of patients with tuberculous pleuritis was 40 years old, ranging from 18 to 88 years. All patients were receving treatmented by combination anti-tuberculous therapy after the test. The cardboard folding device contained a nitrocellulose strip on which the 38-kDa antigen from M. tuberculosis has been applied. When a specimen (pleural effusion, serum) flows past the nitrocellulose strip, antibodies specific for the 38-kDa antigen bind to the antigen line. In a reverse flow, the bound antibodies are detected by a goat anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody conjugated to colloidal gold particles and show a pink to red positive line. The test is completed in a maximum of 15 minites. Two of the 38 subjects showed positivity. One case was from the pleura and the other from the serum. From the above data, we concluded that ICT Tuberculosis^( ) test is not effective in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.

급성 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체 신염에 동반된 고혈압 뇌증 1례

하태선,차상훈,이경은,엄정민 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1999 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.2

고혈압성 뇌병증은 고혈압 환자에서 고혈압과 관련된 두통, 경련, 시각장애 및 다른 신경학적 장애를 동반하는 증후군이다. 증례는 13세 여자환아로 급성 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체 신염에 동반된 고혈압성 뇌병증 환자였다. 내원시 혈압은 150/110 mmHg 였고 내원당시 검사소견상 단백뇨, 혈뇨, C3의 감소 소견을 보였다. 내원 2일째 자기공명영상을 시행하였고 스핀에코 T2 강조영상에서 양 후두엽과 후 측두엽에 고신호의 이상 부위들이 발견되었다. 치료후 실시한 자기공명영상은 정상 소견을 보였다. 본 저자들은 급성 사구체 신염 환자에서 자기공명영상으로 고혈압성 뇌병증을 진단하고 치료한 1례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of headache, seizures, visual changes, and other neurologic disturbances in patients with elevated systemic blood pressure. We experienced a 13-year-old girl who presented with the manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. She visited our hospital because of generalized tonic-clonic seizure after severe headache. On admission her blood pressure was 150/110 mmHg and initial laboratory findings revealed proteinuria, hematuria and decreased C3 level and, T2-weighted MR image showed increased T2 signal in both occipital lobes, suggesting cerebral edema. On follow-up MRI, pathologic lesions were improved. We described a case of hypertensive encephalopathy in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis diagnosed by MRI with a brief review of some related literatures.

결핵군 55 kDa 항원의 면역학적 분석

김화중,김홍성,임재현,조은경,송창화,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Identification and characterization of mycobacterial antigens are critical for evaluation of their role in diagnosis, vaccination, and pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases. An attempt has been made to immunologic characterize the 55 kDa protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv which attracted our interest because it is present in high concentration in 50-80% ammonium sulfate fraction of the culture filtrate. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to 55 kDa antigen were produced. MAbs MT55-1 and MT55-2 reacted with a single 55 kDa protein band. On examination of degree for cross-reactivity with other mycobacterial species by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, these antibodies reacted strongly with M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG, and reacted weakly with M. marinum and M. smegmatis. To investigated the subcellular distribution of MAbs defined epitopes in the 55 kDa antigen within the mycobacterium, we isolated three major subcellular factions of M. tuberculosis, namely, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytosol, by a simple fractionation procedure. MAb MT55-1 reactive cpitope was found in the cytosol when tested by immunoblotting. A sandwich ELISA was initially developed for detecting 55 kDa antigen using MT55-1 MAb in mycobacterial culture filtrate before detecting it in clincal specimens. The minimal detectable concentration was 1.0 ㎍/m1 for M. tuberculosis culture filtrate and 100 ㎍/ml for sonic extracts of M. bovis BCG and M. marinum, respectively. But the 55 kDa antigen was not detected in sonic extracts of other mycobacterial species examined. Although further evaluations are required, this study suggests that the 55 kDa antigen may be of interest as potential diagnostic reagent.