정보사회 지체로 인한 학교붕괴 해소책 연구 : I(정보) 주도적 학습체제와 N(네트워크) 문화 학교풍토개발을 중심으로 Focusing on I-directed Learning System and School Environments for Students in Net Culture

이미나,이건만,박부권,권숙인,김대일 한국사회과교육학회 2002 시민교육연구 Vol.34 No.1

IT혁명에 힘입어, 우리 사회가 정보네트워크사회·지식기반사회로 재구조화됨에 따라 교육분야에서도 이에 대한 적절한 대응이 요구되고 있다. 이 연구는 사회의 정보화와 학교체제의 대응간에 나타나고 있는 격차에 주목한다. 즉 학교가 정보네트워크사회로부터 어느 정도 지체되어 있는가를 살펴보고, 청소년들의 인터넷활용 실태와 문화를 조사한다. 이를 기초로 앞으로 I 주도적 학습체제가 나아가야 할 방향으로 I 주도적 정보지식 학습체제, IT사회의 노동시장에 적합한 학교교육, 교육적 상호작용방식의 디지털화, 교육과정·생활지도·인성교육의 디지털화를 제안한다. Currently, we are experiencing a rapid societal change due to information technology (IT). The perceived rapidity of this change presents major challenges to societal adaptation. Schools, like any other aspect of society, need to adapt to this societal change, originating from the IT revolution. We need to figure out what kinds of educational change need to take place. Therefore, this study explores what are I-directed Learning System and School Environments for Students in Net Culture. This issue is examined through the following three questions: 1. How can an information-oriented learning system play a role in helping students use and produce knowledge on their own? 2. How should education be changed to prepare students to survive in this knowledge-based labor market? 3. How should teachers interact with students in digital code? This study surveys people's perceptions about the gap between the present state of education and IT society. Separate questionnaires on the suject were given to teachers (n = 206), students (n=474), and parents (n=429) in Seoul. The data were analyzed with x2 tests. Besides, we also adopted qualitative methods such as participant observation in PC room, in-depth interviews with teachers and students about N-generations' culture, and so on. The findings and conclusions are summarized as following. This study found that presently education does not play a good role in offering information-knowlege appropriate to an IT society. Students are also not ready to use internet for gathering information. Most of them tend to use internet for entertainment tools (except for home assignments). School graduates are not able to meet the needs of companies or labor markets in this IT society. In other words, schools neither educate students with high-tech knowledges nor sufficiently nurture their creativity. Students and parents do not perceive the necessity of new concept of knowledge in the knowledge-based society, either. Students in digital code seem to have difficulty in interacting with schools who have stayed in analogue code. However, even students do not interact with others in the original way of digital code. They make virtual human relations not with outsiders of the third group but with intimate school friends. Based upon these findings, this study suggests how an information-oriented learning system should be built. This study analyzes three aspects of schooling regrarding these issues: teachers, curriculum and educational interaction. Regarding the issue of teachers, this study examines what the teachers' role as facilitators should be to help students produce their own knowledge with raw information. In addition, it redefines the concept of the teachers' authority and explores a labor cooperation system of teachers to increase the performance of their own teaching using internet. This study will also suggest various types of curricula which will complement the labour markets in an IT society. For example, the study suggests curricula which allow students diversified tracks; individualized curriculum ordered by each student, who is an educated prosumer and knows what they need; curriculum in fusion style where no borders exists between academic disciplines; and curriculum to enhance the students' practical intelligence as well as critical intelligence. Thirdly, the study investigates how digitalized interaction could be used in an educational setting at school. Proposed in the study are two-way-e-conversations between students within and beyond classrooms, between students and teachers, or between students and e-textbooks. In addition, several ideas to achieve educational goals more successfully are demonstrated using digital technology. This study promotes these kinds of educational reforms as result of the IT revolution. School is not an exception; it should also be flexible in a changing and evolving society.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

HPLC를 이용한 지역 농산물의 비타민 B₆ 함량 분석

최소라 ( So-ra Choi ),송은주 ( Eun-ju Song ),송영은 ( Young-eun Song ),최민경 ( Min-kyung Choi ),한현아 ( Hyun-ah Han ),이인석 ( In-sok Lee ),신소희 ( So-hee Shin ),이기권 ( Ki-kwon Lee ),최용민 ( Young-min Choi ),김행란 ( Haeng-r 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Contents of water soluble vitamin B6 in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin B6 analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin B6 measured 234.3~260.3 μg/100 g in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin B6 content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured 105.0 μg/100 g and 129.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin B6 were measured in passion fruit (104.3 μg/100 g), gat (55.7~84.3 μg/100 g), gomchwi (31.3~88.0 μg/100 g) and garlic (72.7~98.3 μg/100 g). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin B6 content of 116.3 μg/100 g and 78.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin B6 content (36.0~72.7 μg/100 g) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin B₆ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than 86.7 μg/100 g compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder (64.7~251.0 μg/100 g) and sansuyu (172.3 μg/100 g) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin B6 content of Sparassis crispa (139.3 μg/100 g) was the highest. Vitamin B6 content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

Nelumbinis Semen Reverses a Decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$Receptor Binding Induced by Chronic Mild Stress, a Depression-like Symptom

Jang, Choon-Gon,Kang, Moon-Kyu,Cho, Jae-Han,Lee, Sun-Bok,Kim, Hyun-Taek,Park, Soon-Kwon,Lee, Jin-Woo,Park, Seong-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Shin, Min-Kyu,Shim, In-Sup,Bae , Hyun-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.10

Depression is associated with a dysfunctional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) system. More recently, several lines of evidence suggest that an important factor in the development of depression may be a deficit in the function and expression of $5-HT_{1A}$ receptors. The present study assessed if Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) had an anti-depression effect through reversing a decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in rats with depression-like symptoms induced by chronic mild stress. Using a $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor binding assay, with a specific $5-HT_{1A}$receptor agonist, 8- OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin), the mechanism of the anti-depression effect of N. s. on rats was investigated, and the effects compared with two well-known antidepressants, Hyperium Perforatum (St. Johns Wort) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Animals were divided into five groups: the normal (N) group without chronic mild stress (CMS), the control (C) group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Nelumbinis Semen (N. s.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks, the Hyperium Perforatum (H. p.) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks and finally, the fluoxetine (F) treatment group under CMS for 8 weeks. Each treatment was administered to rats during the last 4 weeks of the 8-week CMS. A sucrose intake test was performed to test the anti-depression effect of N. s. The N. s. treatment significantly reversed the decreased sucrose intake under CMS (P<0.05 compared to control group under CMS). In the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, both N. s. and H. p. reversed the CMS-induced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. In the I to II regions of the frontal cortex, N. s. and H. p. also reversed the CMS-induced decrease in$5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding, and even showed a significant increase in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding compared to the F treatment group (N. s. vs. P, p<0.05, H. p. vs. P, p<0.05). However, in the hypothalamus, all treatments reversed the CMSinduced decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding. This reversal effect of N. s. on the decrease in $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rat brains was very similar to that of H. p, but different from that of F. It is concluded that N. s. presents an anti-depression effect through enhancing $5-HT_{1A}$receptor binding.

신원방우황청심원의 심혈관계에 관한 약효

조태순,이선미,김낙두,허인회,안형수,권광일,박석기,심상호,신대희,박대규 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Abstract-In order to investigate the phamacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (NSCH), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH) and NSCH were compared using various experimental models. In rat aorta, NSCH and SCH made the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10^-6 M) regardless to endothelium containing or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presence of the inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not aftect significantly the relaxing effects of NSCH and SCH, NSCH and SCH inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). NSCH and SCH decreased significantly heart rate. These, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In guinea-pig papillary muscle, these had no effects on parameters of action potential such as action potential amplitude (APA). V_max and resting membrane potential (RMP) at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. Furthermore, these had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These results suggest that NSCH and SCH have weak cardiovascular effects, and that there is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.

[18F]FDG PET을 이용한 강박증 환자에서 뇌 포도당 대사의 이상에 관한 연구

권준수,이동우,이재성,최정임,이동수,정준기,조맹제,이명철,류인균 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 강박증에 대한 기능적 뇌영상 연구들에서 강박증 환자들의 안와전두엽과 미상핵의 대사율 증가 소견이 비교적 일과되게 발표되어 왔으며, 전두-피질하 회로의 이상이라는 이론이 수립되기도 하였다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 강박증의 유병기간에 따른 구분없이 시행된 연구였고, 영상분석 방법에 있어서도 관심영역 방법을 이용했다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 강박증의 유병기간에 따라 환자군을 구분하여 PET 영상소견을 분석함으로써 유병 기간에 따른 차이가 있는지를 조사하였으며, 둘째, 강바증 환자의 포도당 양전자방출 단층촬영(18-Fluor-deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography : FDG-PET) 영상분석에 통계적 매개변수 지도법(Statistical Parametric Mapping : SPM)을 이용함으로써 강박증의 병인기전 및 강박증상과 뇌기능 간의 관계를 명확히 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 구조적 면담도구(Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV : SCID-IV)를 적용하여 진단된 12명의 강박증 환자들과 10명의 정상 대조군에 대해 FDG-PET을 촬영하여 SPM으로 분석하였다. PET 촬영 전 적어도 4주 동안에는 약물복용을 하지 않은 상태였다. 결과: 1) 환자군과 대조군의 비교 : 강박증 환자군은 대조군에 비해 양측 두정 영역의 대사율이 유의하게 감소되어 있었으며(P<0.01). 대사증가를 보인 영역은 없었다. 강박증의 유병기간이 10년 이상인 만성강박증 환자 4명은 양측 안와전두엽에서 유의한 대사증가 소견을 보였으며(P<0.01), 양측 두정영역에서 유의한 대사감소 소견을 보였다 (P<0.01), 유병기간이 10년 이하인 환자에서는 전체 환자군의 분석에서와 마찬가지로 대조군에 비해 유의한 대사증가 소견을 보인 영역은 없었으며, 양측 두정엽 부위에서 유 의한 대사 감소 소견을 보였다.(P<0.01). 2) 강박증상의 심각도와의 상관관계 분석 : 우측 두정엽의 대사율은 강박장애 척도 점수와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(p<0.01), 양측 시상 영역의 대사율은 예일-브라운 강박장애 척도의 강박장애척도 점수와 유의한 양의 상관관계(p<0.01)를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구는 결과는 기존의 연구들에서 보고된 안와전두엽의 대사 증가 소견이 강박증의 만성화로 인해 나타나는 2차적 장애이며, 두정엽의 대사 저하가 보다 1차적인 장애일 가능성을 시사한다. Baxter가 수립한 전두-피질하 회로 이론은 두정엽의 이상을 포함하는 전두-두정엽 복합체 이론으로 확장되어야 할 것이다. Objectives: Functional imaging studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) subjects have repeatedly reported increased metabolism in orbitofrontal lobes and caudate nucleus, resulting in the "frontal-subcortical" circuit abnormality theory. Limitations of the previous studies to date include little consideration for the duration of illness, and the use of regions of interest methods, as an image analysis method. Our study objectives are 1) to include the duration of illness as an important study variable, and 2) to use Statistical Parametric Mapping(SPM) method in order to tap relations between the brain function and the psychopathology and symptoms of OCD. Methods: The [18] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) scans of OCD subjects and normal comparison subjects, as diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID-IV), were analyzed using SPM. Results: 1) Comparison of OCD and control groups : OCD subjects had significantly decreased metabolism in both parietal lobes and didn't have any areas of increased metabolism in comparison to comparison subjects(p.<0.01). four OCD subjects with the illness duration of 10 years or longer, had significantly increased metabolism in both orbitofrontal lobes<p<0.01). OCD subjects whose illness duration is shorter than 10 years didn't have any areas of increased metabolism and had significantly decreased parietal lobe metabolism, as in the analyses of all subjects(p<0.01). 2) Correlation analysis between areas and symptom severity : Metabolism of both thalamic sreas showed significant positive correlation with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) scores(p<0.01). Metabolism of right parietal area showed significant negative corre lation with Y-BOCS scores(p<0.01). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that the increased metabolism in orbitofrontal lobe, previously rported, may be a secondary phenomenon due to the extended illness dur- ation and that decreased metabolism in the parietal lobes are primary abnormality in OCD subjects. Thus Baxter's fronto-subcortical circuit theory should be extended into "fronto-pari-etal" complex theory, which includes the parietal lobes.

담도결석환자의 총수담관내 담즙에서 세균성장과 β-glucuronidase 활성도

이동기,홍사준,배선우,권상옥,장인호,김미라,강명서,이경원 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1992 원주의대논문집 Vol.5 No.1

여성호르몬 대체요법후 체중변화와 베타3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자형의 연관성에 관한 연구

이기호,김상만,이득주,최희정,한인권 대한비만학회 2003 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.12 No.3

연구배경: 폐경 전후에서의 체중 증가와 여성호르몬과의 연관성이 지속적으로 논의되어왔다 교감 신경계는 지방대사를 촉진하여 대사적 열생산을 증가시키는 작용을 가지고 있으므로 이와 관련하여 베타3아드레날린 수용체의 유전자형이 폐경여성에서 여성호르몬 대체요법 이후의 체중증가와 연관이 있는지를 밝히고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1995년부터 2002년 5월까지 삼성제일병윈 비만클리닉 및 갱년기 클리닉에 방문하여 여성 호르몬 대체요법을 시행 받았으며, 폐경에 관련한 과거력, 여성 호르몬 투여 전후의 체중, 체질량 지수에 대한 자료를 확보할 수 있곤, 베타3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자의 다형성을 분석한 92명을 최종 연구 대상자로 하였다. 결과: 베타3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자 다형성 분포는 Trp64Trp형 39.1%, Trp64Arg형 25.0%,Arg64Arg형 34.8%,로 나타났다 여성호르몬 투여 전 체중의 평균은 61.07±7.06이었으며, 여성 호르몬대체요법 후 체중 변화의 평균은 1.28±3.20 증가로 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다 β3 아드레날린 수용체 유전자 아형에 따른 체중의 평균 변화는 Trp64Trp형에서 1.86±2.94 증가, Trp64Arg형 0.74±2.97 증가, Arg64Arg형 1,00±3.61 증가로 나타났으나 이들 모두 통계적 유의성은 없었으며, 세 아형간의 변화량도 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 폐경여성에서 여성호르몬 대체요법 후 체중이 증가하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, β3아드레날린 수용체 유전자 아형에 따른 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. Background: The study results to determine the relationship between postmenopausal estrogen use and weight gain have not been consistent. Genetic studies have reported the association of BMI with the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorhism. This study as designed to indentify association of beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorhism with weight gain related to HRT in postmenopausal women. Methods: 192 postmenopausal women at a general hospital, Bariatric and climacteric clinic have been collected. Subtypes of beta3 adrenergic receptors were measured and physical, anthropomeric data including body fat and BMI was obtained before and after HRT. Results: Arg/Arg group was 34.8%, Trp/Arg group was 25.0%, Trp/Trp group was 39.1%. Mean weight gain in 192 postmenopausal women was 1.28±3.20 kg and the percent changes in weight gain between initial and final point was 2.32±5.66% but these resulst had no statistical significance (p>0.05). Weight gain(%) were 2.24%(95% C.I 0.35~4.13) in Arg/Arg group, 1.08%(-1.17~3.29) in Trp/Arg group and 3.18%(1.49~4.92) in Trp/Trp, but these results did not show statistical significance(F=1.13, p=0.03). Conclusion: Polymorphism of beta3 adrenergic receptor gene was not associated with weight gain after HRT in postmenopausal women. From these results, we may conclude that polymorhism of beta3 adrenergic receptor may not be the predicting factor to understand the weight gain after HRT in postmenopausal women.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

금속제 기구 및 용기포장의 유해물질에 관한 조사 연구 : 금속제 주방 기구에서 유해중금속 용출에 관한 연구 Study on Migration of Trace Elements from Metallic Kitchenwares

이광호,권기성,곽인신,전대훈,최병희,유승석,김성욱,이선희 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

구이웅즉불판, 스데"1크용 불판, 전골그릇. 솥, 프라이괜, 갬비, 주전자, 밥그릇 및 석쇠 둥 주방용 기구에 사웅되는 황동(3'3총)· 묵쇠 (17종), 알루미늄(10종), 청동(2종), 구리 (2종), 스테인레스(2종) 둥의 금속제에서 Pb, Cd, Ct Zn, Sn등 유괘 중금속의 용출과 기작에 대하여 연구하였다. 촹동을 대표금속으로 선정하여 용출 온도(30, 60, 80,95'c), PH(2.5, 4.3, 6.0, 7.0) 및 시간(30, 90, 180, 3:60븐)에 딱른 금속 용출량 조사에서 온도 및 P 변화체 딱른 시험결과, 95'C, pH 2.5인 조건에서 용출이 가장 많았던 반면, 용출 시간별 시험에서는 180분 이후까지 Pb가 용출된 후 편형 상태를 유지하였다. 위의 실험 결과로 미루어 현행 식품공전 시험법인 30분 조건에 대한 추후 재검토 연구가 필요하다고 잔단되며, 납이 용출되는 기작은 SEM을 통하띨 확인항 수 있었다. 황동의 경우, 재질줄의 Pb 항량곽용 출량과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 Pb 함략별 10종(0, 0.02, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0-9, 1.7, 5.4, 9.2%)의 시껼를 제작하여 4% 초산, 95'C, 30분에서 시험한 결과, 용출규격인 중금속이 1.Oppm(납으로서) 이하가 되기 위해서는 재질중 허용 Pb 함량은 0.2% 이하가 되어야 했다. 시중에 운통중인 각 재질별 금속제 기구에서 용출되는 유해중금속의 실태를 파악한결과, 황동제의 경우 주로 주물제품의 구이용 불판(양식 스테이크용 포함)으로 20종중 17종인 식풍 공전의 기준 ·규격인 1.OPPm이상의 Pb가 검출되어 85%의 련적합율을 뽀였다. Pb 용출 함량별 분포를 보면 1~10ppin이 15%, 20~100ppmo1 30%, 100~200ppmo1 20%, foo~300ppmol 10%, 300~400ppmo1 5%, 400~500ppr1 이 5%로 10~100ppm 사이의 용출량을 나타내는 제품이 가장 많이 유통되는 것으로 확인 되었다. 그외 Cu7l 0.37~77.85ppm, Zinc가 2.88~221.Oeppm, Fe이 미량 용출되었으며 Cd는 검출되지 않았다. 무꼭는 요즘 구이용 불판으로 사용되고 있는 솥뚜껑r 스테이크용 불판, 솥, 전골냄티, 프라이팬 등을 대상 겋체로 하였다. Fe이 0.S2~5,058 ppin, Cu, Zn 및 Pb등이 미량 검출 되었으며 Sn, Cd은 용출되지 않아 기준 ·규격에 적합한 것으로 판단.되었다. 알루디늄제는 램비 및 주전짜를 대상 검체로 하였는데 Cu, Zn, Sn, 및 Pb 등이 식품공전의 기준 · 규격의 IPPU내로 미량 검출되엇으며 Cd은 검출되지 않아 역시 기준·규격에 적합하다는 걸론을 얻었다. The migration of trace elements, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn from metallie food-contactutensiles was investigated. All samples used in this work were grills, cooking pots, kettles, frying pansand bowls made of brass(20 samples), iron(17 samples) , aluminium(10 samples), copper(2 samples),bronze(2 samples) or stainless(2 samples). The migration of metats from brasses was affected by the iai-gration temperature(30, 60, 80 and 95'c ), the simulant pH (2.5, 4.3, 6.0 and 7.0) and the migration tirae(30,90, 180 and 360mia.). T,he amount of Pb migrati,oB was maximum at 95'c with pH 2.5. This study in-dicated that it could be required to reexamine the m igration time as 30 minutes suggested by the KoreaFood Code because the equilibrium of Pb migration was reached at 180 minutes. The mechanism of Pbmigration was investigated with Scanning Electron :Microscope(SEM) and Electron Probe Micro Analya-er(EPMA ). To correlate the relations between the m igration and the content of Pb in brass samples, tinbrass samples having known eontent of Pb(the quaritities of Fb in brass ; 0, 0.02, 0.09, 0,3,0.2, 0.5,0.9,1.4, 5.4 and 9.2% (w/w) ) were tested in the following conditions,4% acetic acid,95·C and 30 minutes. Theresult re?i?seBts that content of Pb in brass samples must be below 0.2% (w/w) to satis(y the 1.0 ppm(as Pb), of forea Food Code. The study was also coBlducted to estimate the migration of harmful metalsin metallic kitchenware made of brass, iron, alumiBium, copper, bronze and stainless. In the case ofbrass samples, the migration of Pb exceeded the 1.0 ppm in 17 among 20 samples with 85% rejectionrate. The pattern of the distribution for Pb migratioB was as followed; 15% : 1~10ppn1; 30% : fO~100ppm; 20% : 100~200ppm; 10% : 200~300ppm, 5% : 300~400ppm; 5% : 400~500ppm, respectivelr,while the content of otller metals detected as Cu 0.3,7~77.85ppm, Zn 2.88~221.Ooppm, Fe trace. Variousiron kitchenwares including sTilts, cooking pots ancl frying pans were also tested. The migration of themetals showed the following result, Fe . 0.52~s.07 ppm; Cu, Zn, Pb : trace; Sn. Cd : not detected.respectively. Aluminium kitchenwares like kettles were tested. There was no significant migration of trace metals, Cu, Zn, Sn, Fe and Pb, meanwhile the migration of Cd in samples made of the aluminium products could not be detected. The results demonstrated that iron and aluminium kitchenwares were suitable for Korea Food Code, however, brass products could provide harmful effect on human health.