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통증간호를 위한 상황모형의 실증적 연구 : 한국인 환자 대상의 재검정 A Nursing Care Contingency model-Replication Study
김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1989 Health & Nursing Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of this study was to test a contigency model suggesting that the relationship between preparatory information about sensation and pain is contingent upon the level of physical - danger trait anxiety. The study done in Korea with Korean patients was a replication of a study done in the United States. This study reviews three major theories : pain theory, anxiety theory and the S-O-R(stimulusorganism -response) model. Contemporary Gate Control Theory of pain recognizes that psychological variables play an important role in pain experience. Anxiety theories suggest that anxiety has two types (trait and state) and multi dimensions (physical -danger, ego-threat, and ambiguous situation). The S-O-R model suggests that human responses to internal or external stimuli are mediated to a great extent by perceptual processes. The literature on preparatory information and anxiety, and anxiety and pain offers two conclusions. First, the relationship between preparatory information about sensation and state anxiety is contingent upon physical danger trait anxiety. Second, state anxiety is interfaced directly with and is positively related to pain. Integrating the three major areas reviewed and the two conclusions drawn from the literature, a contingency model was developed that suggests that the effect of preparatory information about sensation on clinical pain is adverse to patients with high physical-danger trait anxiety, but favorable to patients with low physical-danger trait anxiety, Three steps were taken to test the contingency model. First, data to test the model were gathered from eighty six major surgical patients at one metropolitan university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Forty - three were assigned to the experimental group and forty -three to the control group. In the evening before surgery, a 15-item physical - danger trait anxiety scale was administered to all patients under study. In addition, those in the experimental group were given preparatory information about sensation by a tape recording. Then, during the evening of the day after surgery, pain was measured in all patients. Second, a composite measure of pain was developed from eleven pain variables by means of a data reduction technique (principal component analysis), and item analysis and reliability tests were undertaken for the physical-danger trait anxiety scale in order to strengthen subsequent data analysis, Finally, the data were analyzed to test the model. The results of the analysis support the two hypotheses that constitute the contingency model. Among patients who have high physical -danger trait anxiety, those who were given preparatory information about sensation showed higher pain scores than those who were not given preparatory information. Among patients who have high physical -danger trait anxiey, those who were given preparatory information about sensation showed lower pain scores than those who were not given preparatory information. The results conclusively support the contigency model. The findings of the study offer several implications for research, theory-building, and nursing practice. First, pain can be measured in a more accurate fashion than the way previous pain studies have done. Principal component analysis is a useful technique available to develop a multiple measure of complex variables. Second, theories from other disciplines are helpful in developing a research that has direct importance in nursing. Third, the findings not only improve contemporary pain theory, but also contribute to building a pain care theory. Fourth, a contingency approach appears to be promising in research and theory building. This is a way to bring concern for "the patient as a person" into the research picture. Fifth, the nurse can provide a useful pain care intervention. The nurse preoperatively determines the physical -danger trait anxiety score of admitted surgical patients and provides preparatory information about sensation to those who have low physical -danger trait anxiety. But the nurse should not provide such information to those who have high physical -danger trait anxiety. Finally, the results of this study was consistent with those of the earlier study in the United States.
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김수지,김은실 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.3
This study aimed to identify the current situation of videos made by four man beauty creators who had the most YouTube followers and which factors including linguistic characteristics, video running time, image effects, image types, presence of experts and makeup classification had an influence on the number of views, and develop effective strategies for man beauty contents creators. For the purposes, this study selected four Korean man beauty creators and analysed their video data collected for two months from February 25 to April 25, 2019 as the number of followers may change according to time. As a result of analysing the number of videos for two months, it was discovered that there were a total of 44 videos(11 by LeoJ, 18 by Hoonion, 10 by Hwan’e, and 5 by Wondin) that were ranked in top 10 except those which were not makeup images and YouTube images on everyday life. LeoJ’s videos were ranked as top 1 to 5 and 7, Hoonion’s videos were ranked as top 6 and 8, Hwan’e videos were ranked top 9 and Wondin’s videos were ranked as top 10. It means that the more followers, the more view counts. In particular, for the image effect, top ranked videos used special effects and English caption including background music, effect sound, product statements and videos whose running time was shorter than 15 minutes were preferred. As for linguistic characteristics, videos with rejoinders, words of foreign origin, imitation of persons’ voice and presence of experts were most preferred. modern and casual images were preferred to cutie images. Videos with contents of diverse areas rather than a single specific content were preferred. 본 연구는 유튜브(YouTube) 사이트를 통해 구독자가 높은 순으로 국내 남성 뷰티 크리에이터들 4인을선정하여 영상 현황을 알아보고 남성 뷰티크리에이터들의 언어적 특성, 영상 방영시간, 영상효과, 이미지유형, 전문가의 유무, 메이크업 분류에 따라 조회수에어떠한 요인이 영향을 미치는지 파악해봄으로써 향후남성 뷰티 콘텐츠 크리에이터가 나아가는 방향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법은 시간에 따라 구독자수가 변동이 있는유튜브의 특성상 분석 날짜 기준은 2019년 2월 25일부터 2019년 4월 25일까지 두 달간의 데이터로 하였다. 먼저 유튜브의 구독자수가 높은 순으로 국내 남성뷰티 크리에이터들 4인을 선정하였으며 두 달간의 영상 개수를 분석한 결과 레오제이(LeoJ) 11개, 후니언(Hoonion) 18개, 화니(Hwan’e) 10개, 원딘(Wondin) 5 개로 총 44개가 도출되었는데 그중 일상에 관한 유튜브와 메이크업 시연영상이 아닌 것은 제외하고 조회수 10위까지를 선정하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 레오제이 영상이 1위~5위, 7위를 차지하였고 후니언의 영상은 6위, 8위, 화니의 영상은 9위, 원딘의 영상은 10위로 나타나 구독자수가 많을수록영상의 조회수도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 상위권에서 영상 효과를 살펴보면 BGM, 효과음, 제품설명문구 제시 등의 공통적인 영상 효과 외에 특수효과, 영어 자막이 사용되었다는 차이가 있었고 대부분의영상 방영 시간은 15분 이내로 방영 시간이 짧을수록영상을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 언어적 특성은 비속어 보다는 추임새와 외래어, 성대모사 통한 영상과전문가를 통한 영상을 가장 많이 시청하는 것으로 나타났으며 큐티 이미지 보다는 모던하고 캐주얼한 이미지를 선호하였다. 마지막으로 한 가지의 콘텐츠 보다는 다양한 분야의 콘텐츠를 제공해주는 것을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.
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