용량별 죽력 투여가 생쥐의 간과 신장의 조직 및 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향

정종길,나창수,김경수,홍광표,김정상 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracts (BE) has been used for various curative effect that remove intense heat from the heart, replenish deficiency Yin, nourish deficiency blood, resolve phlegm. This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of BE to mice according to the administered dosage. Methods : The experimental groups divided four. Control group treated saline, J1 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:15(0.05ml/kg), F2 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:7(0.05ml/kg), J3 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:17(0.05ml/kg). We administered BE to the mice for 24 weeks at interval of 48 hours, and investigated the body weight, changes in hematological profile, activities of the transaminase(GOT, GPT) and two hepatic antioxidant enzyme(SOD, catalase), and histological changes of the liver and kidney. Results : Leukocytes of J3 group were increased in the administered for 12 weeks, but decreased in the administered for 24 weeks. Platelets were decreased about 36% in J3 group treated for 12 weeks, but increased about 50% in the same group treated for 24 weeks. Blood total proteins were decreased slightly in the all experimental groups compared with control group. The activities of the transaminase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were increased, but decreased activities of catalase in the J2 and J3 groups administered for 12 or 24 weeks. In the light microscopical observation, ballooned and injured hepatocytes in portal vein area of J1 group occurred, and dilated hepatocytes and disoriented sinusoid observed in J2 group administered extracts to mice for 24 weeks. Apoptosis occured in the ballooned and injured hepatocytes of the portal vein area in J3 group. A agglutination of RBC in glomerular capsule of the kidney observed in the J2 group, and destructed convoluted tubule observed in the J3 group treated for 24 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that mice treated with high dose BE develop a hematological changes, dysfuncton of the liver and kidney.

Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

Finding key vulnerable areas by a climate change vulnerability assessment

Kim, Ho Gul,Lee, Dong Kun,Jung, Huicheul,Kil, Sung-Ho,Park, Jin Han,Park, Chan,Tanaka, Riwako,Seo, Changwan,Kim, Ho,Kong, Wooseok,Oh, Kyusik,Choi, Jinyong,Oh, Young-Ju,Hwang, Gangseok,Song, Chang-Keun Springer Netherlands 2016 Natural hazards Vol.81 No.3

<P>Extreme climate events such as typhoons, heat waves, and floods have increased in frequency with climate change. Many municipalities within the Republic of Korea (ROK) have experienced damage from these events, necessitating countermeasures. Vulnerability assessment has been suggested in the implementation of a national plan for reducing damage resulting from climate change. Thus, in this study, we assess the vulnerability of the ROK and identify key vulnerable municipalities in support of the national adaptation plan. We create a framework for assessing the vulnerability of all 232 municipalities of the ROK with respect to 32 items in 7 fields. The framework regards decision makers' comprehension and availability of data as important factors. We assess the vulnerability index of each municipality by using variables of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity. The weights of variables are determined by the Delphi method. We used the representative concentration pathways 8.5 climate scenario to reflect future climate exposure for the vulnerability assessment. From the analysis, vulnerability maps are prepared for the 32 items of 7 fields, and key vulnerable municipalities are identified by aggregating the maps. The distribution of vulnerable municipalities changes with the future climate conditions. These maps provide a scientific and objective basis for the ROK government to establish adaptation plans and allocate resources. The ROK government can utilize the results to identify the characteristics of highly vulnerable areas, and municipalities can use the results as a basis for requesting support from the national government.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

자동차 조향장치 마찰용접부의 기계적 성질에 관한 연구

길남규,성기완,안창윤,민택기 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.1

This study deals with the mechanical properties of welding part, by friction welding of SM45C steel rod and SWS41A yoke which have being used Steering-Joint. The experimental results are summrized as follows ; 1. When CO₂welding is replaced with friction welding, we can get benefit manufacture. 2. The result of tensile test showed the highest tensile strength of 612MPa(150% of base metal strength 402MPa). 3. The result of bending test showed the highest bending strength of 1066MPa(80% of base metal strength 1259MPa).

태권도공원 선정기준유형이 방문의도에 미치는 영향을 통한 세계화방안

정길상,김학신,강진형 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

This study was conducted for national participants in leisure sports convention events, the strong opinion leaders in the leisure sports tourism market. They have specialized and high-level of insights into the leisure sports tourism market. and it could give very meaningful suggestions to identify the effect of Taekwondo park selection criterion on their potential revisit. The results of this study were found as follows: It was found that the male group thought more importantly of the economic efficiency and ease of access than the female counterparts in terms of the criterion for selection of the Taekwondo park. Second, it was found that the ground of high school graduates thought importantly of beautiful natural environment and scenery, while the well-educated group of college graduate school and more than graduate school thought importantly of the culture and history of Taekwondo and economic efficiency of development. Third, it was found that the age group of 21-30 years old attached more importance to the cultural and historical background of Taekwondon, its growability into world-class tourist attraction, economic efficiency of development than the age group of less than 20 years old. Fifth, it was found that such Taekwondo park selection criteria as the cultural and historical background of Taekwondo(differentiated history, native culture), its growability into world-class tourist attraction(specified image and high name recognition, economic efficiency of development(developable image, tourism industry infrastructure), ease of access(convenience of access to the traffic network from home and abroad, full local transportation(road, parking lots and the like) had a significant effect on the potential intention to revisit). The Korean Taekwondo park should highlight the phase of the country of its origin and grow into the world-class attraction for traditional martial arts. Only the region that can maximize the direct and indirect history and culture related to Taekwond can maximize the consumption value needs of quality tourists at home and abroad and globalize the prestigious and hihg-profile traditional Korean culture.

稀貴食物, 히어리 生態에 관한 硏究

張珍成,崔允慈,姜佑昌,李佶勳,金輝 서울大學校 農業生命科學大學 附屬樹木園 1998 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.18

히어리가 생육하는 전국 5개지역에서 총 31개의 방형구조사를 통해 목본식물의 종조성과 흉고직경을 측정하였다. 흉고직경급으로 본 히어리의 개체군 구조는 집단별로 서로 상이한 모습을 보였다. 산청지역은 낮은 경급의 수목보다는 5-6 cm급의 개체가 많았고 포천지역의 경우는 많은 수의 실생묘가 관찰되었고 1-2 cm와 3-4 cm급의 개체가 많았다. 또한 백운산, 뱀사골 그리고 남해지역은 비교적 밀도가 낮은 집단으로 고른 직경급의 분포를 보였다. 현재의 개체군 구조로부터 포천지역은 개체군의 성장에 예측되는 반면 산청지역은 감소가 예측되었다. 히어리가 생육하는 식물군집은 생육지의 위치상으로도 상당히 이질적인 장소들로 구성되어 있다. 백운산지역은 비교적 상당히 큰 분포지였으며 남사면의 산복에 위치하는 건조한 지역으로 신갈나무가 우점을 하는 지역으로 비교적 안정된 천이단계에 도달한 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 나머지 대부분의 지역에 있어서 생육하는 지형은 북사면의 계곡부로 습기가 많고 빛이 매우 부족한 지역이었다. 따라서 히어리의 생육지 요구도의 폭이 넓은 것으로 보여준다. 남해지역과 뱀사골 지역은 조림지에서 생육하는 것이 관찰되어 히어리가 맹아에 의해서 개체군을 유지할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 히어리는 넓게 분포하고 생육지요구폭이 넓고 극히 제한된 수의 개체군을 갖는 유형의 희귀식물로 현재의 생육지와 개체군에 대한 절대적인 보호가 필요하다. From 31 plots of five populations, species composition and DBH class of Corylopsis glabrescens var. totoana (Makino) Yamanaka were investigated. Each population of C. glabrescens var, totoana showed different patterns of class distribution. Since there are many old trees with 5-6 cm diameter and less seedlings, Shan-chung population probably decline population in size in the near future. On the contrary, due to many seedlings in Po-chun population, population may expand in size. Baek-un population showed the unique habitat with large population relatively. Especially in the sunny southern slope and ridge of mountain, Quercus mongolica dominated and maintained a high portion of vegetation there. As the man-made forest, Nam-hae and Baem-sa-gol populations may maintain only by the root sprouts. Generally despite small populations, C. glabrescens var. totoana occurred over a wide geographic range in diverse habitats. This species may not be endangered unless the natural habitat is destructed by human. It is strongly recommended to protect of all sites and populations as the long term strategies for preservation of this species.

축산폐수 슬러지의 단백질 이용

최창혁,장성호,성낙창,김수생,김영길 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1994 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The results of study focused on protein reuse of livestock wastewater sludge are as follows : 1. Generally increasing COD and BOD sludge loading, protein content was a tendency to increase. 2. The more SRT increase, the less protein content sludge was a tendency to decrease. 3. For the purpose of improving treatment efficiency of livestock wastewater and increasing protein products, it was profitable to treat more two-step aeration process than activated sludge process in treatment efficiency and volume.

두경부 림프종에 대한 방사선과학적 접근: 충북대학교병원에서의 경험

차상훈,김주창,한기석,김성진,박길선,궁성수 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1999 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.2

목적: 충북대학교병원에서 두경부의 림프종으로 진단된 증례들을 방사선학적으로 분석하여 임파절외 병변과 임파절 병변의 특징에 관하여 알아보고 이전의 문헌들과 비교하여 고찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 병리학적으로 두경부의 림프종으로 진단된 31명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 조직검사로 확인된 병변 외에 다발성 병변에서는 조직 검사로 확인되지 않았더라도 치료 전 CT나 MRI 상 분명한 경우, 치료 후의 추적 CT 또는 MRI 상 명백한 호전이 있으면 병변으로 간주하였고 특히, 치료 전 림프절의 크기가 1-1.5cm보다 작아도 치료 전·후 분명한 차이를 나타내면 병변으로 간주하였다. 림프절외 병변의 부위, 림프절 병변의 위치와 크기, 전신 림프종 여부, 림프종의 병리학적 진단 등에 관해 분석하였다. 결과: 호지킨 림프종은 1명이고 림프절 병변만이 분명하였다. 나머지 30명은 비호지킨 림프종으로서 그중에는 혼합형 병변이 가장 많았으며(n=20) 림프절 외 병변만 있는 경우가 7명, 림프절 병변만 있는 경우가 3명이었다.림프절 외 병변은 Waldeyer's ring의 다발성 병변이 대부분이었는데 이중 인후부에 별도의 병변이 동반된 경우, lingual tonsil 만 침범된 경우가 각기 1례씩 있었다. 또한 Waldeyer's ring 병변이 mouth floor나 soft palate로 침범하기도 하였다. 비강 림프종이 진단된 7명 중에 최초 진단 시 또는 치료후 경과 추적 시 양측 비강이 침범된 각 1명씩이 있었고 3명에서는 비익과 주변조직으로의 침범이 있었으며 세포유형은 다양하였다.다형성 세망증으로 진단된 병변은 모두 4례로 비강에 2례, Waldeyer's ring 2례 등이었다.림프절 병변은 23명의 환자에서 모두 71개 림프절 군이 진단되었는데 20명은 2개 이상의 림프절군이 양성인 다발성 병변을 가졌고 이 중 36개 림프절 군에서 1cm이하의 림프절 병변이 진단되었다. 림프절과 림프절 외 병변이 동반된 혼합성 림프종(n=20)의 경우 림프절 외 병변과 동측에 림프절 병변이 있는 환자가 7명이고 양측의 림프절 병변은 13명이었으며 반대측에만 림프절 병변이 확인된 것은 없었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 충북대병원에 내원하였던 두경부 림프종 증례들의 방사선학적 특성을 알 수 있었으며 림프절 외 병변과 림프절 병변이 동반된 경우가 많았는데 이는 치료 전후의 비교를 하여 기존의 연구들과 다른 기준을 설정하였기 때문인데 이에 관하여는 추후 별도의 연구가 필요하다고 여겨진다. Purpose: 31 cases were retrospectively assessed to analyse radiological features of nodal and extranodal lesions which were diagnosed at Chungbuk National University Hospital(CNUH) and literature review was focused to the previous Korean reports. Materials and Methods: Other than biopsy-proven lesions, nodal and extranodal lesions showing definite size reduction in the post-treatment CT and MRI were also analysed. Cervical lymph nodes smaller than 1-1.5cm in initial size were included when the treatment caused significant improvement. Case analysis was focused to size and location of the nodal and extranodal lesions, pathological types, presence of the systemic involvement. Results: Only one patient was HD with nodal disease. NHL patients(n=30) had both nodal and extranodal(combined) disease(n=20), extranodal disease only(n=7) and nodal only(n=3). Waldeyer's ring was the most common extranodal location. Among the seven nasal cavity NHLs', both sides were occupied by the tumor initially(n=1) or during the follow-up(n=1) and 3 cases showed the invasion to ala nasi and cheek, and cell types were various. 2 cases of PMR(n=4) involved nasal cavity and other 2 had diseased Waldeyer's ring. 23 patients revealed nodal disease in total of 71 cervical spaces, most of them(20/23) had more than 2 diseased L/N groups. Among 71 L/N groups, 36 showed node size smaller than 1cm initially. NHL patients with combined nodal and extranodal pathology(n=20) had nodal lesions ipsilateral to extranodal disease in 7, bilateral in 13. Conclusion: Combined nodal and extranodal disease was more prevalent in our study than in the previous literatures because the inclusion criteria for the nodal lesion was wider. We could note several differences that should be pursued in further studies.

新羅都城의 展開過程에 관한 都市史的 硏究(1)

최창길,예명해,足立裕司,신상화 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1998 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.3

The conclusion drawn from this study can be summarized as follows. The origin of the Silla Capital Castle can be found from the Guem Sung (Golden Castle) which was built in 37 Hyuk Gu Sae year after the formation of Sa Ro Kook. But the Guem Sung during Sa Ro Kook era was not enough to be a Capital City in it's form and size. It was only a castle for the King. The first real formation of what we call city today was gradually progressed while the construction of the royal regime which brought the cetralization of power. Especially, before Ja Bi Ma Rip Gan Chinese capital castle system did not influence directly to Silla Dynasty. But, after that, they started to name the districts, specified the market place as an ecomonical district, built Buddhist temples, constucted East Distirict, West Distirict, and South Distirct around Wol Sung which is the Capital Castle. By doing this, the formation of ancient city was possible. Na Sung was not there around the King's City, they built San Sung instead. This kind of spacial allocation made outline of Capital Castle. After the unification of ancient Korea which was then divided into three by Koguryu. Beakjae and Silla, construction of the city was influenced by China. They followed the Chinese city system as a model and gradually adopted the model. During King Sun Duk era, Jong Myo and Sa Jil, which came from Chinese ceremonial space was built inside of Capital Castle. This means the completion of the city at that time.