정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

분자동력학법에 의한 LiMn₂O₄에서 Li ion 확산에 대한 연구

강은태,김희승 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

As the information of the microscopic motion of particles such as atoms, molecular, and ions in the materials can be obtained through the molecular dynamics simulation, the molecular dynamics can be used to evaluate the properties of new materials. The molecular dynamics approach uses a fully ionic potential that accounts for electrostatic, repulsive, and dispersion interactions among all ions. In the simulation, initial configuration of the material was endowed and used NPT ensemble by statistical ensemble. The molecular dynamics simulation of the self-diffusion of lithium in lithium-manganese spinel materials upon lithium discharge process and various temperatures has been accomplished.

Efficacy of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Leukocytospermia

강희규,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.1

White blood cells (WBCs) are present in most human ejaculates, but abnormally high concentration of seminal leukocytes map reflect an underlying pathological condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined leukocytospermia as status of more than 10^(6) WBC/mL of semen. The purpose of this study was firstly, to compare the outcomes between conventional IVF and ICSl in leukocytospermia, and secondly, to investigate whether ICSI may be an alternation treatment for patients with leukocytospermia. Total 346 cycles of conventional IVF and ICSI candidates underwent IVF cycles at Eulji Hospital Infertility Clinic. Semen Parameters including concentration, motility, morphology of spermatozoa and concentration of leukocytes were assessed from the raw ejaculates. There was no difference in sperm concentration, motility and morphology. The rates of fertilization and good embryo development from ICSI were significantly higher than those from conventional IVF in leukocytospermia (60.4% & 32.5% respectively for ICSI group and 44.4% & 28.5%, respectively for IVF group, P<0.001). The pregnancy rate after ICSI was also higher than that from conventional IVF (34.0% vs 29.1%. P<0.05). These results indicate that the presence of seminal leukocyes (>1×10^(6) WBC/mL of semen) is adversely related with fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy rate. Therfore the measurement of seminal leukocytes in routine semen analysis appears to be of prognostic value with regard to male fertilizing potential. In conclusion. it is suggested that ICSI is an alternative choice of treatment for patients with leukocytospermia.

수치사진측량에 의한 고 건축물의 3 차원 정보 획득

姜準默,韓承熙,嚴大鎔 충남대학교 지역개발연구소 2000 地域開發論叢 Vol.12 No.-

This study aim at establishing the 3D digital data of cultural architecture by applying the digital photogrammetric technique. I would applicated as the basic data for preservation and restoration of cultural assets by suggesting the direction of establishing 3D digital data and the more accurate measurement methods than before lagged ones. And I could establish the useful data for visual analysis by connecting the ortho image which was made by digital image for the object and the vector data which was acquired by plotting. The establishment of precise 3D information by photogrammetry was possible, so the application of photogrammetry for measuring various cultural assets which require precise measurement is expected actively in near future.

Think Aloud 프로그램을 통한 자기교시훈련이 정서 · 행동장애아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향

강정림,이승희 조선대학교 학생지도연구소 2004 生活指導硏究 Vol.23 No.1

This study aimed to examine the effects of self-teaching training through Think Aloud program on problem behaviors of children with emotional and behavioral disorders. To do this, one child was selected and was instructed by self-teaching training through Think Aloud program which was reconstructed by the researcher. Before and after the training, the child was observed with frequency recording methods on three behaviorsU crying loudly, asking for other's help by verbal expressions, and getting together with her peers. Results revealed positive effects of the training on the three behaviors. The results were discussed in relation to previous research and a suggestion was presented for future research.

영아-어머니간 애착유형과 어머니의 민감성간의 관계 연구

강문희;김승경 서울여자대학교 1998 아동연구 Vol.3 No.-

[초록없음]

Tobit 모형을 이용한 CVM 분석

강주훈,강희용,정승진 관동대학교 기업경영연구소 2004 경영논집 Vol.22 No.-

There, in general, exists a difficulty in evaluating the external effect of economic activities by measures. It is simply because the external economic effect often fails to reflect the market price in real market transactions. Because evaluating the social expenses or benefits from public goods or environmental pollution often relies heavily on indirect, individual and subjective decision, it often tends to be over or underestimated. This paper adopted a closed Contingent Valuation Approach; if a respondent agrees on a specific price at the first stage that makes it possible to advance with an increased price to the second stage in which the respondent may accept the increased price. Then the respondent pays the highest price In the regression analysis, the Probit Model and the Logit Model is used in case that the dependent variable is considered as the appropriate selectable variable. The Tobit Model can be more of an appropriate model than the Probit and Logit in terms of describing the highest paying price at the second stage through the closed and contingent valuation approach.

중공유리구에 고정화된 광촉매를 이용한 남조류의 증식억제

강민수,정익상,우승희,김성우,이동근 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 2001 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

Photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystisaeruginosa was carried out with the TiO₂-coated pyrex hollow glass beads under the illumination of UV light(370㎚ wavelength). After being irradiated with UV light in the presence of the TiO₂-coated pyrex glass beads, Microcystis aeruginosa, known as typical cyanobacteria, lost their photosynthetic activity, and the colonies of Microcystis cells were completely separated into individual spherical one. Complete photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa was obtained in about 30min. Photosynthesis activity of the cyanobacteria could be inhibited effectively after being reacted photocatalytically with TiO₂ immobilized hollow glass ball.

해수와 해산물로부터 Listeria 속의 분리와 세균학적 조사

강치희,이승철,황용일 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구는 경남지역의 해수와 해산물에서 Listeria sp.를 분리하여 증균배양방법에 따른 균의 분리율, 선택배지에 따른 균의 분리율, 검체에 따른 균종별 분리율, 생화학 시험과 분리된 L. monocytogenes에 대하여는 혈청형 시험을 실시하였다. 총 100건의 검체에서 증균배양에 따른 Listeria sp.의 분리율은 1일 증균배양에서 L. monocytogenes가 4%(4건), L. innocua가 35%(35건), L. ivanovii가 4%(4건), L. welshimeri가 1%(1건)였고, 7일간 증균배양에서는 L. monocytogenes가 7%(7건), L. innocua가 38%(38건), L. ivanovii가 5%(5건), L. welshimeri가 1%(1건)로 동정되어 1일 증균배양시키는 것보다 7일간 증균배양시키는것이 Listeria sp.의 분리에 훨씬 효과적이었다. 2가지 선택배지, Oxford 선택배지, LPM 선택배지를 사용하였을 경우 증균배양과 비교하여 분리율이 조금 낮았다. 검체에 따른 Listeria sp.의 분리율은 새우에서 80%(16/20)와 가시발새우에서 80%(16/20)로 분리율이 가장 높았으며, 바지락에서 50%(10/20), 해수에서 25%(5/20), 홍합에서 20%(4/20)의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 Listeria sp.의 균종별 분리율은 L. innocua가 38%(38건), L. monocytogenes가 7%(7건), L. ivanovii가 5%(5건), L. welshimeri가 1%(1건)순으로 분리되었다. 각 검체에서 Listeria sp.의 균종별 분리율은 새우에서 L. innocua가 65%(13건), L. monocytogenes가 15%(3건), 가시발새우에서 L. innocua가 70%(14건), L. monocytogenes가 10%(2건), 바지락에서 L. innocua가 45%(9건), L. monocytogenes가 5%(1건), 홍합에서 L. innocua가 10%(2건), L. monocytogenes가 5%(1건), L. welshimeri가 5%(1건), 해수에서 L. ivanovii가 25%(5건) 분리되었다. 새우와 가시발새우에서 L. monocytogenes와 L. innocua가 다소 많이 분리되었다. L. monocytogenes로 분리 동정된 7주에 대한 혈청형 분류는 type 1이 2주, type 4가 5주로 나타났다. Four species of the genus of Listeria were isolated from seawater and sea food in Kyungnam area. These strains were systematically counted for different samples using appropriate media and biochemical tests including serological test. In one-day enrichment, the following strains were found out of 100 samples : L. innocua (35%), L. ivanovii (4%), L. monocytogenes (4%), and L. welshimeri (1%), In seven-day enrichment. L. innocua (38%), L. ivanoii (5%), L. monocytogenes (7%), and L. welshimeri (1%) were isolated. Thus, listeria species were more easily isolated in the seven-day enrichment than in the one-day enrichment. However, listerias were less grown in the selective medium than in the enrichment medium. Listeria species were most abundantly isolated in shrimps (80%) and metapenaeus shrimps (80%). Little neck clams (50%), seawater (25%) and hard-shelled mussels (20%) followed. The isolated listerias consisted of L. innocua (38%), L. monocytogenes (7%), L. ivanoii (5%), and L. welshimeri (1%). In the shrimps, L. innocua (65%) was most abundant followed by L. monocytogenes (5%). In the metapenaeus shrimps, 70% of the isolates were for L. innocua and 10% for L. monocytogenes. In the little neck clams, 45% was for L. innocua and 5% for L. monocytogenes. In the hard shelled mussels, 10% was for L. innocua, 5% for L. monocytogenes and 5% for L. welshimeri. In the seawater, 25% was for L. ivanovii. Therefore, L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were more frequently isolated in the shrimps and the metapenaeus shrimps. The serological classes for the seven L. monocytogenes were two strains for type I and five strains for type IV.

해수와 해산물에서 분리된 Listeria 속에 대한 항균제 감수성시험과 Inactivation 시험

강치희,이승철,황용일 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

주요 식중독균으로 주목받고 있는 Listeria sp.를 경남지역의 해수와 해산물에서 분리하여 항균제 감수성시험, 온도에 대한 균의 감수성 시험, 시험균주의 증식곡선, 내염성 시험과 pH에 대한 균의 증식관계를 조사하였다. 해수와 해산물에서 분리동정된 18주의 Listeria sp.에 대하여 디스크 확산방법으로 항균제 감수성 시험을 실시하여 ampicillin에 55.6%, cephalothin에 100%, chloramphenicol에 100%, clindamycin에 100%, erythromycin에 100%, gentamicin에 100%, kanamycin에 77.8%, methicillin에 83.3%, streptomycin에 50%, tetracycline에 83.3%, vancomycin에 100%의 감수성을 각각 보였다. 온도에 대한 증식억제효과는 55℃에서 30분간 처리에서는 영향이 없으나 60℃에서는 L.monocytogenes Type 1과 L.monocytogenes Type 4, L. ivanovii, L. welshimeri는 20분 처리로 사멸하였으며 L.monocytogenes ATCC 19111과 L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. innocua는 25분 처리로 사멸하였다. 65℃처리에서는 L. monocytogenes Type 4와 L. innocua, L. ivanovii는 15분에서 사멸하였으며 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111과 L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes Type 1, L. welshimeri는 20분간 처리로 사멸하였다. 분리된 Listeria sp.의 내염성은 8% 이상에서는 지연된 유도기가 관찰되었으며 6% 염을 첨가한 0.6% TSA-YE배지에서는 정지기에서 흡광도(590nm)가 0.67에서 0.87의 범위에 있었으며, 8% 염에서는 정지기의 흡광도가 0.44에서 0.73이었고, 10% 염에서는 흡광도가 0.18에서 0.63이었으며, 12% 염에서는 OD 값이 0.03에서 0.2로 측정되어 염의 함량이 높을수록 저해 정도도 높았다. pH에 대한 증식영향은 pH 5.0에서보다 pH10에서의 증식이 빠른 것으로 보아 Listeria sp.는 비교적 높은 pH에서 생육가능 함을 보였다. Eighteen of Listeria species, a potent food poisioner, were isolated from sea food and seawater in Kyungnam area. These strains were tested for the sensitivities of antibiotics and temperature as well as for the resistances to high salt concentrations and the cell growth in different pHs and media compositions. The average sensitivities (%) of the eighteen listerias in disc diffusion method were following : ampicillin 55.6, cephalothin 100. chloamphenicol 100, clindamycin 100, erythromycin 100. gentamycin 100, kanamycin 77.8 methicillin 83.3, streptomycin 50, tetracyclin 83.3 and vancomycin 100. The viability of Listeria species was not so affected by heat treatment at 55℃ for 30 min. However, L. monocytogenes Type I and IV, L. ivanovii and L. welshimeri ceased to grow at 60℃ in 20 min. In contrast, the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC19111, L. monocytogenes Scott A and L. innocua was affected in 25 min. L. monocytogenes type IV, L. innocua and L. ivanovii stopped growing at 65℃ in 15 min. L. monocytogenes ATTCC19111, L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes Type I, and L. welshimeri did not sustain at 65℃ for 20 min. The growth of the listerias were lagged in the presence of over 8% NaCl. In TSA-YE medium containing 6% NaCl, the optical density (OD) at 590mm of the cell culture reached stationary phase from 0.67 to 0.87. At 8% NaCl, the stationary phase OD of the culture was from 0.44 to 0.73. At 10% NaCl, the stationary phase OD of the culture was from 0.18 to 0.63. At 12% NaCl, the OD of the culture from 0.03 to 0.2. Therefore, higher salt concentrations created greater inhibition for the cell growth, Finally, the growth rates of the listereas were higher at pH 10 than at pH 5, which implies that the growth of the listerias was favorable in the alkaline pH.