정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유아세례에 관한 교육적 고찰

정희영 總神大學校 1996 總神大論叢 Vol.15 No.-

재일 동포 한국어 소설 연구 : 민족 동일성 담론의 표출 양상을 중심으로 focusing on a expression aspect of a discussion that the nation is one

이정희 한중인문학회 2006 한중인문학연구 Vol.17 No.-

재일동포 한국어 소설에서 민족 문학의 성격은 일차적으로 민족 동일성 담론의 형성에 놓여 있다. 일제 식민지 시대라는 억압과 주권 유린의 상황, 해방 정국의 사회적 혼란과 분열, 분단의 고착화와 민단/조총련으로의 교포사회 양분, 그리고 극심한 민족적 차별 등 격동하는 사회적 혼란과 변화 속에서 자신의 정체성을 정립하는 작업은 재일동포들에게 있어 가장 중요한 선결과제였다. 이러한 상황에서 '민족'을 매개로 한 민족 동일성 담론의 추구는 그들에겐 필요불가결한 선택이자 생존 전략이었다. 안으로는 조국으로의 강열한 지향성과 일체감을 형성하고, 밖으로는 타자와의 배타적 관계를 통해 차별과 억압에 저항하고자 한 재일동포 문학은 몇 가지 전형적인 방식을 통해 자신들의 계몽적 의지를 표출하였다. 그것은 가족주의, 민족 교육 등의 내적 지향과 타자와의 관계성을 통한 외적 지향이었다. 여기에는 '재일'의 특수성의 극명하게 드러나고 있는데 그것은 재일동포들의 경계에 선 정체성이라 할 수 있다. 경계에 서서 양쪽을 넘나드는 재일동포들의 존재론적 특수성은 민족이 매개될 때 필연적으로 민족 동일성 담론의 추구로 나아가고, 그것은 재일동포들의 불안정한 정체성을 하나로 통합하는 역할을 하며 그것을 바탕으로 그들은 모순에 둘러싸인 '재일'의 현실을 극복하게 된다. 이는 재일동포들에게 안정적인 정체성을 부여하고 궁극적으로는 민족 통합의 길을 열어준다는 점에서 의의가 있다. A freature of nation literature relates to formation of discussion that the nation is one in Korean novels by Korean residents in Japan. An establishment of identity in a social confusion and change was the subject which is most important to Korean novels by Korean residents in Japan. A pursuit of a discussion that the nation is one was a selection which is necessary and indispensable and an existence strategy to them. In inside they form and idea of a fatherland and constitute a sense of unity with the fatherland, at outside they resist in discrimination and repression by relationship with others of exclusion. Korean novels by Korean residents in Japan have something Typical feature. Those are an inner intention of familism and nation education, and outside intention of relationship with others. These gave a stable identity in the Korean residents in Japan and integrated the nation.

이란의 對페르시아灣政策 (1968~1979)

金貞姬 韓國外國語大學校 附設中東問題硏究所 1982 硏究論叢 Vol.1982 No.3

천마의 GABA-benzodiazepine 수용체 복합체에 대한 조절작용

하정희,이동웅,어경윤,하정상,김현주,용철순,허근 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1998 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.8 No.-

Methanol extract of G. elata inhibited the binding of [³H]Ro15-1788, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices. Saturation experiments followed by Scatchard analysis of the results showed that the inhibition of [³H]Ro15-1788 binding by G. elata. appeared to be competitive. These competitive inhibiton of the butanol fraction was observed to be higher than the methanol extract. Methanol extract of G. elata inhibited a [³H]flunitrazepam, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. GABA significantly enhanced the inhibition of [³H]flunitrazepam binding by G. elata, and these "positive GABA shift" supported the strong possibility of agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor. Butanol fraction was observed to be higher than crude extract by methanol in an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor, furthermore enhanced the binding of [³H]SR95531 to GABA_(A) receptor. Butanol fraction of G. elata significantly diminished the pentylenetetrazole-induced lethality of mice. From these results, it can be concluded that substance or substances with neurochemical properties characteristic of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may be important components, and contribute to the anticonvulsant property of G. elata.

3D 모델링에서의 얼굴표정에 관한 연구 : 입 주변 중심으로 in lip around

문희정 호남대학교 2005 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.26 No.2

Many studies on facial expressions have been carried out in the 3-D modeling field. Mouth as well as lip, movements are one of the main methods of conveying facial expression moreover, they are easily express due to the fact the movements are big and simple to discern. This study was attempted to introduce facial expression focused on mouth movement in the 3-D modeling In this research, muscles near mouth parts were examined anatomically, and were applied to 3-D modeling, explaining a process of finding spaces for influencing mouth movements and of identifying the reference point for all movements, which can control easier 3-D modeling. From the research on expression near the mouth area, facial animation in 3-D field was applied to explain the movements on mouth area. This study could contribute to set up the target based on various expressions produced from using this process, and to introduce facial animation and all levels of diverse expressions from applying blend shape and skeleton.

부정교합자의 하악과두 위치에 관한 방사선적 연구

강정희,김상철 대한치과교정학회 1992 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Temporomandibular joint is a major structure to play an important role in the function & stability of the occlusion as well as the stomatognathic system. Therefore, the TMJ is the structure that requires the complete analysis for diagnosing and planning treatment of pathologic changes by TMJ dysfunction and malocclusion. So, in this study, to evaluate TMJ situation in Korean malocclusion, based on the previous accomplishments, students of the dental college of Won-Kwang Univ. are surveyed and selected in terms of Angle's classification of malocclusion, whose TMJ radiographs were taken in the centric occlusion and centric relation. In each maiocclusion groups, the mean and standard deviation of anterior, posterior and superior joint space of the right, left and both side in CO & CR are evaluated and also those of the fossa height and the articular eminence angle of the right, left ad both sides are evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1.In the correlation coefficient between the malocclusion groups, no other items except the posterior joint space of the right side in CR between in class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ are significant. 2.In the correlation coefficient between the right and left side, the each joint space in class Ⅰ malocclusion group and class Ⅱ malocclusion group are significant. 3.In the change of each joint space during the transmit from CO to CR, there is a tendency of increasing anterior joint space and decreasing posterior, superior joint spaces in class Ⅰ, Ⅱ malocclusion and increasing superior joint space and decreasing anterior, posterior joint space in class Ⅲ malocclusion, which is significant in the correlation coefficient, but not significant in the T-test. 4.In each malocclusion group, the correlation coefficient between the posterior joint space and the superior joint space in C.R is highly significant. 5.The fossa height of class Ⅱ malocclusion group is lesser than that of class Ⅰ or class Ⅲ, which is not significant in T-test. 6.In the correlation coefficient between Rt. and Lt. side in the fossa height, it is not significant in class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ group, but significant in class Ⅱ malocclusion group. 7.The articular eminence angle of class Ⅱ malocclusion group is larger then that of class Ⅰ or class Ⅲ groups, which is fairly significant. 8.In the correlation coefficient between Rt. and Lt. side in the articular eminence angle, it is significant in each malocclusion group.

불면증에 대한 L-Tryptophan의 임상적 효과

김문열,정희연 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.2

This study was conducted on 18 insomniac patients who had visited neuro-psychiatric department of Eulji General Hospital from September 1, 1984 to December 31, 1984. The subjects were 11 males and 7 females with a mean age of 37.9 years. All had a diagnosis of primary insomnia. Patients with other psychiatric disorders or organic diseases were eliminated. Each patient was first studied for two to three preliminary baseline nights prior to the main study, and then for four to six complete main study nights. The drug and placebo nights were randomly distributed for each patients. 30 minutes before retiring to bed on a study night, each patient received 2mg of L-tryptophan with 100mg of nicotinamide, 10mg of pyridoxine and 500mg of ascorbic acid at drug nights or same amount of placebo at placebo nights. Sleep was investigated by means of behavioral observations every 15 minutes throuhgout the night and by a brief interview and questionnaire the morning after each study night. All data analyses were done separately for the entire group of 18 patients and also for this group of 14 "objectively insomniac" patients. Results of the objective observations were tabulated and analyzed for three variables. The result indicate that 2mg of L-tryptophan had a significant effect in the direction of better sleep on total sleep and sleep latency but no significant effect on number of awakenings. Overall, the results were somewhat more marked in the 14 "objectively insomniac" group than in entire sample of 18 patients. Data from questionnaires given in the morning after sleep study nights indicate that tryptophan nights were rated significantly higher than both baseline nights and placebo nights on subjective estimate of sleep but the difference between tryptophan and placebo did not reach statistical significance and tryptophan nights were rated significantly higher than only baseline nights on subjective estimate of feeling state in the morning..

만성 알코올 중독환자의 인지적 손상

한선호,정희연,노명래 순천향대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive impariment in chronic alcoholics. We have administered WMS and kWIS to 40 alcoholics and 62 normal controls. We have analyed these data into WMS subtest scores, MQ, IQ, and intercorrelations among MQ and IQ for each group. The main findings are as followings: 1. M/Control, Passages(A), Passae(B), D/Forward, D/Backward, V/Reproduction, Ass/Easy, and Ass/Hard subtests are sinificantly lower scores in chronic alcoholics compared with normal controls. 2. The mean MQ of the chornic alcoholics is significantly lower than the normal controls. 3. The mea KWIS Verbal iQ. Performance Scale IQ, and Full IQ of the chronic alcoholics is sinificantly lower than the normal controls. 4. Intercorrelations among MQ and IQ were obtained separately for each group. The correlation coefficient is raned from .66 to .88 in two group.

영아 돌연사에 대한 고찰 : 13 부검례를 포함한 34례분석 Analysis of 34 Cases Including 13 Autopsies

문여옥,최희경,허정아,신우종,김명아,이성용,장성희,동은실,김종재,안영민,지제근 대한소아과학회 2002 小兒科 Vol.45 No.9