Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

β-Carotene과 알코올을 섭취한 쥐의 혈액 성분변화의 상관관계

고재웅,조만희,이상한,우기민,염윤기,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary carotenids and β-carotene on the hematological changes caused by alcohol administration into the rats. The results were analyzed using several statistical methods; SPSS computer program for measuring the mean values and standard deviations, one way ANOVA for the test of significance, Duncan method for post HOC multiple comparison, and Pearson method for measuring the correlation coefficient. The following are the conclusion from those statistical analysis. 1. ALB and TB were shown to have the most significant correlation among the blood compositions f개m the basic dietary groups. 2. BUN and CHO were shown to have the most positive correlation among those from the carrot-fed groups. 3. CA and AG were shown positively correlated, and CHO and IP negatively correlated, respectively among those from the cheese-fed groups. 4. AP was shown positively correlated among those from the alcohol-administrated groups. 5. CHO, CA and BUN were shown positively correlated, and CA was negatively correlated among those from the β-Carotene -fed groups. 6. TB and TP were not affected by the correlations between the blood composition from all the experimental groups.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

열대 지역에서 통일형 초다수성 벼 품종의 생육 및 수량성 비교

이지윤,준현,성환,손영보,송유천,한상익,박동수,권영업,이철원,이종희 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

심환좌심실기능부전을 동반한 만성신부전환자에서 완전폐색관상동맥의 경피적관상동맥확장술

이내희,조윤행 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

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모범학생과 비행학생의 가정환경 비교연구 : 서울시내 일부 주·야간 고등학교를 중심으로

조결자,조미영,김윤희 慶熙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Today, adolescence and student's delinquencies are increasing gradually in the social instability confusion associated with rapid social change. Therefore this research was attemped to help to constructing the bright and sound welfare society, and to contributing the basic data for performing expanding roles as a nursing practitioner and the more contributing to develop the nursing science through counselling and treating their delinquent and criminal behavior. The duration of study was from Sep. 20 to Oct. 20, 1985. The number of all students participated in this study were 891(model 182, delinquent Student 351). The results that analyze and compare the differenciation between two groups in their family environmental factors were as the following. One tool of the study used for classifying the type and the seventy of delinquent behaviros was the 63 items developed by Clark and Wenningor, and then we reconstructed and used only 43 items(Cronbach's α=0.8521) among them. And we used the other questionnaire constructed of 32 items(Cronbach's α=0.912) after correct and modify several times by 3 researchers for family environmental factors. The gathered datas were took statistics using SPSS m accordance with the purpose of study and we came to results like these; 1. General characteristics of subjects. In the distribution of day and night school, girls and boys, day schools(49.9%) and night schools(50.1%) are similar, the number of girls (63.0%) were much more than boys. In the distribution of model and problem students, problem students (65.8%) was much more than the model. In the age and the order of birth, group of 17 years old(36.8%) was extremely much and the middle born(38.7%) too. 2. The comparison of general characteristics between day and night schools model and problem students. Generally, the night school students' age (17.2∼17.3 yrs.) was more than the day school students' (16.2∼16.5 yrs.) In the comparison of class years, problem students were more as the grade is higher. In the sex, day school have more problem behaviors in boy's school, night school have more in girl's school and in the order of birth, the middle, the last born and the only son(or girl) have more problem behaviors. 3. The content and frequency of delinquent behaviors in problem students Among contents and frequencies of delinquent behaviors extremely much behaviors were "drinking"(20.2%), the next behaviors were "smoking" and "destructiveness"(each other 15.5%) and the next was "resistance to his parent"(15.1%). Thirteen behaviors, excepted "having the weapon" "experienced the premarital sexual relation" have much more than night school students. The percentages of students experienced the delinquent behavior in all subjects were 74.7%, frequencies of delinquent behavior in problem students were for one student from one to eleven times. Their delinquent behavior of each person was commonly 1.9 times. 4. Comparison of the family environment between model and problem students 1) The physical family environment In comparison of the physical family environment, there are certainly significant differentiations between model and problem group. In the type of a residence, the group of no-residence have, in the level of parent's age, the group of the prime manhood have, in his parent's religion, the group of no-religion have, and the group of having not a father or a mother have higher rates of delinquent behaviors more than model students, and the lower are the level of his parent's educational background, the more severve are delinquent behavior of problem students. 2) The psychological family environment ① Comparison of the relation between the attitude of the parent's fostering and the students attitude to his parent. The more positive was the attitude of the parent's fostering for his children, the more positive was the student's attitude to his parents. The more positive was the attitude of the mother's fostering for his children, the more positive are the student's attitude to his father. But in the father's fostering attitude to his children was the better, the student's attitude to has mother was not just better. ② parent's fostering attitude for his children In comparison of the differentiation between the mother's attitude for his children and children's attitudes to his mother and father in model and problem students, model students had more positive feeling for his parent than problem students. 5. Comparison of the relation among specific behaviors(smoking, drinking, using of the dependent drug) 1) physical environment In no-owner house groups and no-religion groups in parents of physical environmental factors. In comparison of the relation between the specific behavior and physical family environmental fact the group that their parent had no-owner house, their mother have no-religion, and living seperately from parent at present was much more smoking, drinking, and using of the dependent drug. 2) In comparison of the relation between specific behaviors and psychological family environmental factors, "the no-smoking" "the trust for his children" group was higher level in parent's attitudes on "the approval for his children" and "the respect of his children's opinion" than the past now experienced smoking group. In drinking, no-drinking group is higher level in father s attitude on "the trust for his children" "the approval for his children" the respect of his children's opinion" and "the consideration for his children" than the past and now experienced drinking group. In using of the dependent drug, there are no different between the no-using group and the using group. As the above result, we can find facts that if their parent's educational background and socio-economical level are lower and students don't live with their parents or their parents died already they have more delinquent behaviors. We can find the fact that if the student lives in home where communicate well with his parent and they have satisfactory family life together with trust, such student have lower frequency of delinquent behaviors. We understand and recongnize that the problem children are maked by problem parent and problem family, so our community have to do their best to plan and to implement the best issue for prevention of delinquent adolescents.

분리 유채단백의 전기영동 패턴에 미치는 Phytate의 영향

조희경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1992 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

영양 저해인자로 알려진 phytate를 제거한 분리 유채단백(low-phytate rapeseed protein isolate)을 제조하여 유채단백질과 phytate와의 결합양상에 미치는 pH 및 phytate 첨가량의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동법을 수행 하였다. 가용화된 분리 유채단백은 pH2.0과 pH5.0에서 phytate 첨가량이 증가할수록 가용성 단백질 band의 수가 감소하였으며 pH11.5에서는 band의 변화가 없었다. pH2.0에서 대조군의 18개 band중 7개의 band(105.8,52.3,27.3, 34.8, 36.3, 21.3, 18.4 KDa)가 100mg phytate 첨가시 침전되었으며 150mg 첨가시에는 6개의 band (78.8, 46.5, 19.4, 16.8, 11.7, 8.5KDa)가 더 사라졌다. ph5.0에서는 대조군과 비교하여 15개의 band중 4개의 band( 34.8, 21.3, 18.4, 16.8KDa)만이 phytate 첨가시 침전되었다. 따라서 유채단백을 식품소재로 이용하기 위해서는 phytate 함량을 낮춤으로써 그의 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pH and phytate level on the solubility of the protein due to binding between phytate and low-phytate rapeseed protein isolate by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the number of protein bands decreased by the increasing amount of phytate added to the soluble extreact at pH 2.0 and 5.0 whereas there was no change at pH 11.5. Among 18 bands of rapeseed proteins at pH 2.0 seven bands (105.8, 52.3, 37.3,26.3,21.3,18.4 KDa) were removed by precipitation with 100mg phytate addition and six bands(78.8, 46.5, 19.4, 16.8, 11.7, 8.5KDa) further disappeared by 150mg phytate addition. Among 15 bands at pH 5.0, only four bands disappeared by phytate addition. It is suggested that thefunctionality of rapeseed protein isolate can be improved by lowering the phytate content.

산발성 장형 위선암 환자의 Microsatellite Instability와 병리학적 양상

조창희,홍유찬,안지현,최경현,이상호,신영명,윤기영,정민정,장희경 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Background : Through many researches, microsatellite is expected to be a good diagnositic and prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and the others. The prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in gastric carcinoma has reported variously, 13~44%. Purpose : We aimed to determine the prevalence of MSI-high and the relationship between MSI and pathological characteristics of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma of stomach. Material and Methods : We analyzed 106 sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma specimens excised from patients who were over thirty-five years old to determine the statue of microsatellite by DNA sequencing. The tissues were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. DNA were extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MSI was determined using five markers recommended by National Cancer Institute (NCI). Specimens were also studied with five patholical factors-differenciation of tumor cells, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and perineural invasion- to determine pathological state. Result : The microsatellite statue was determined as MSI-High in 5 cases (4.7%), no MSI-low, and MSS (microsatellite stable) in 101 cases (95.3%). Within the frequency, there was no large gap in the distinction of gender in MSI cases, but in MSS cases, there was three-times more cases in male. MSI cases had moderate-to-poor differenciation and trend to invade toward serosa. All MSI cases showed no perineural invasion. But we could not find any statistical significance between MSI and pathological characteristics of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Conclusion : Results suggest that MSI can not make any certain pathological significance in sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Even though less than 5% of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma patients showed MSI, it can be used as a influential prediagnostic factor of gastric cancer. Further study with large scale of cases will be followed to verify these results.

분리 대두단백의 소화율과 전기영동패턴에 미치는 Phytate의 영향

윤재영,조희경,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1993 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Phytate 함량이 다른 두 분리 대두단백(HSPI; high-phytate soy protein isolate, LSPI; low-phytate soy protein isolate)을 제조하여 pH 및 phytate 첨가량이 그들의 용해도와 소화율에 미치는 영향을 알아보았고 분리 대두단백을 용해도에 따라 분별한 후 그들의 특성을 전기영동을 통하여 알아보았다. LSPI와 HSPI 모두 분자량이 13.6~81.1 kDa 에 이르는 단백질 성분으로 이루어져 있으며 산성 pH에서 18.0~35.0 kDa의 단백질은 phytate와 잘 결합하지 않는 특성을 가졌다. LSPI를 용해도에 따라 분별하였을 때 gliadin을 구성하는 단백질은 pH2에서 phytate와 쉽게 결합하지 않았다. 대두 단백질은 pepsin 소화율은 phytate 첨가량이 증가할수록 크게 저하되었다. This study was carried out to examine the effects of phytate addition on the solubility and digestibility of the low-phytate soy protein isolate (LSPI) and high-phytate soy protein isolate (HSPI). In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soy protein isolate, different patterns of proteins were observed in both HSPI and LSPI at various phytate and pH levels, suggesting that phytate may bind specifically to certain protein fractions at a particular pH. For example, proteins of M.W. 1.8~3.5kDa resisted phytate binding at acidic pH. LSPI was fractionated into albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutelin; and phytate was shown to bind with difficultly to all three gliadin bands. Effects of phytate on the pepsin digestibility of soy proteins were apparent, especially in the short term digestion.

지구온난화 가스인 이산화탄소의 촉매개질반응에 의한 재자원화

윤조희 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.1

都心地內 사무소 건축물의 大型化·高層化는 도심권의 교통량 집중으로 이어지고 있어 도심권에서의 交通大亂은 중요한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이들 사무소 건축물 부설주차장의 경우 주차공간의 확보는 법제상으로 보다 강화되어 가는 추세를 보이고 있다. 그러므로, 건축물 부설주차장의 주차공간 확보 문제는 건축계획단계에서 아주 중요한 결정인자로 작용하고 있다. 그러나 지금까지는 내부 주차공간 계획을 중심으로 연구가 주로 행하여져 왔다. 또한, 도로에서 부지내로의 진출입, 지상주차 및 車路, 지하주차장의 주차출입구와 관련된 외부 주차공간의 연구는 피상적인 내용으로 일관되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 점에 착안하여 주차장 계획 및 설계시 효율적이고 합리적인 접근방법을 모색하고자, 전국에 散在한 130개의 사무소 건축물을 대상으로 하여, 垈地가 道路에 接하는 조건에 따라 대지면적 및 용적률에 따른 주차유형을 분류하여 이들에 대한 기준을 설정하고자 하였다. Recently, the office building inside downtown in the large city seems to be enlaged and high-rised, which has caused the traffic jam and been the important social problem. And so, the raws and regulations about parking will be regulated strongly enough to satisfy such increased parking demand. Therefore, it is the most important deciding factor in the planning stage to make the parking area enough and approach it easily. But the study was performed mainly on the focus of indoor or underground parking. And in the case of outdoor parking space from the main road to the entry ramp, the reasonable parking system was seldom studied on the basis of the conditios of the site and te building scale, and the checking schemes about those systems contain only superfical contents. On those concepts, we investigated existed parkng systems and extracted the most reasonable parking system necessary for the preliminary stage of planning and designing. Performing the study on the above-mentioned purpose, we found out and compared the relations of the parking types(like mechanical, one-way or two-way type) with arterial roads, site area and floor area ratio.