http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Passivation Effect during the C4F8 + N2 Etch Process for SiOCH Low-k Films
Seung-Kook Yang,박세근,Beom-hoan O,El-Hang Lee,Han-Hyoung Kim,Han-Seok Yoo,이승걸,장성필,Jong-Geun Lee,Ho-Young Song 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.6
Plasma-induced damage to low-k dielectric layers is a key issue in developing multi-level interconnection technology based on copper and low-k dielectrics. Changes in the chemical composition of the dielectric films after plasma processes often increase the dielectric constants of low-k materials. In this work, SiOCH low-k dielectric films were studied and etched by using a C₄F8+N₂ plasma for patterning. Nitrided fluorocarbon polymer films were observed after C₄F8+N₂ plasma etching. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to monitor the chemical bonding changes of the polymer films in terms of N₂ content in the C₄F8+N₂ mixture. With 40 \% N₂ in the mixture, the etch condition was optimized for high etch rate and selectivity. After photoresist stripping by using a N₂ plasma and removal of nitrided fluorocarbon polymer by HF dipping, the SiOCH layer had recovered its original dielectric constant of 2.80 without any pattern size change.
이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
Han, Sang Beom,Baek, Seung-Hee,Park, Jeong-Sook,Yang, Hee Kyung,Kim, Ji-Young,Kim, Chong-Kook,Hwang, Jeong-Min Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2011 Cornea Vol.30 No.12
PURPOSE:: To evaluate the effect of subconjunctivally injected liposome-encapsulated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on the absorption rate of subconjunctival hemorrhages (SHs). METHODS:: SHs were induced in 1 eye each of 36 rabbits by subconjunctival injection of 0.05 mL of autologous blood. After 8 hours, randomized subconjunctival injections were performed: 26,000 IU/mL liposome-encapsulated tPA (0.05 mL) in 9 eyes (group A), free-form tPA (26,000 IU/mL; 0.05 mL) in 9 eyes (group B), only liposomes (0.05 mL) in 9 eyes (group C), or no injection in 9 eyes (group D). The sizes of the SHs at 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after induction were measured using an image analyzer and were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS:: Group A showed significantly more rapid absorption rates than all the other groups at 24, 48, and 72 hours and had the significantly shortest mean elapsed time for the complete resorption of SHs. The tPA activity in ocular tissue except conjunctiva and plasma were negligible beyond 24 hours after SH induction with both forms of tPA. In the conjunctiva, the tPA activity was significantly prolonged in the liposome-encapsulated tPA group than in the free tPA group. CONCLUSIONS:: Subconjunctival injection of liposome-encapsulated tPA seems to enhance SH absorption in rabbits, especially during the early stages with minimal systemic and ocular absorption.
Han-Hyoung Kim,Seung-Kook Yang,Sang-Hyun Sin,Seong-Jong Kim,Hai-Joong Park,Se-Hwan Sim,Seung-Gol Lee,Beom- Hwan O,El-Hang Lee,Dong-Wha Park,Se-Geun Park 대한전자공학회 2008 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
A novel simple method is proposed to fabricate multilevel or three dimensional structures for integrated optoelectronic devices using modified two-step photolithography. First photolithographic step uses an epoxy type photoresist such as SU-8 and the second step uses a novolak type photoresist such as AZ1518. Because solubility of one photoresist to the other’s developer is different, the conventional exposure and develop process can be done consecutively without affecting the pre-existing patterns. However, flat deposition of the second novolaktype photoresist on patterned uneven surface by spin coating is difficult and in this work we suggest a method to get flat surface before the second exposure. This method has been applied successfully to prepare 3-D structures on optical printed circuit board.
Posttranscriptional Crossregulation between Drosha and DGCR8
Han, Jinju,Pedersen, Jakob S.,Kwon, S. Chul,Belair, Cassandra D.,Kim, Young-Kook,Yeom, Kyu-Hyeon,Yang, Woo-Young,Haussler, David,Blelloch, Robert,Kim, V. Narry Elsevier 2009 Cell Vol.136 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The Drosha-DGCR8 complex, also known as Microprocessor, is essential for microRNA (miRNA) maturation. Drosha functions as the catalytic subunit, while DGCR8 (also known as Pasha) recognizes the RNA substrate. Although the action mechanism of this complex has been intensively studied, it remains unclear how Drosha and DGCR8 are regulated and if these proteins have any additional role(s) apart from miRNA processing. Here, we report that Drosha and DGCR8 regulate each other posttranscriptionally. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex cleaves the hairpin structures embedded in the DGCR8 mRNA and thereby destabilizes the mRNA. We further find that DGCR8 stabilizes the Drosha protein via protein-protein interaction. This crossregulation between Drosha and DGCR8 may contribute to the homeostatic control of miRNA biogenesis. Furthermore, microarray analyses suggest that a number of mRNAs may be downregulated in a Microprocessor-dependent, miRNA-independent manner. Our study reveals a previously unsuspected function of Microprocessor in mRNA stability control.</P>