정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

지방산 유지 원료에 따른 고형비누의 특성에 관한 연구

정명선,배한수,이봉연,민경혜,류덕환 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The experimental results on the washing efficiency of detergent made from corn oil, wasted cooking oil and pig fat oil are as follows ; Laundry factors in this experiment are detergent concentration, laundry temperature and laundry time. 1.The surface tension of each detergent showed the lowest in 0.2% concentration corn oil 60.84, wasted cooking oil 61.11, pig fat oil 60.73dyne/cm. 2.The wasthing efficiency based on different concentration of detergents showed the highest in 0.2% concentration. 3.The highest washing efficiency appeared in 0.2% concentration 40℃ temperature and 40~50 min. time. There showed no difference in the washing efficiency according to the volume of water. It can be said that the frictional force of bearing rather than the volume of water worked on the efficiency.

전기자극 스트레스 또는 심리갈등 스트레스가 흰쥐 비장 임파구 증식과 Interleukin-2 생산능에 미치는 영향

한상진,김정목,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the relastionship between stress and immunologic function as a possible mechanism of stress and disease process. The authors investigated how the psychological stress induced by avoidance-avoidance conflict model or physical stress of electric shock do impact the immune function, measuring proliferation and interleukin-2(IL-2) production of rat splenic lymphocytes stimulated with various mitogens such as concanavalin-A(Con-A). phytohemagglutinin-M(PHA) and phorbol 12-myristate l?-acetate+calcium inophore A23187(PMA+A23187). In this experiment, female Sprag-Dawley rats were used an subjects. Animals were separated into 4 group according to different stress conditions. Conflict group received psychological conflict stress with electric shock depending on the coping behaviour and Yoked group was not in psychological conflict situation but received as same amount of electric shock as conflict group. Skinner-Box control group was immobilized without electric shock and Home-cage control group had no stress condition. The results are as follows : 1) There is significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation in case of Con-A and PMA+A 23187 between Skinner-Box control group and Yoked group at the high current condition. 2) There is significant difference in IL-2 production in case of PHA and PMA+A23187 between Skinner-Box control group and Yoked group. 3) There is more significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation in case of all of mitogens, Con-A. PHA and PMA+A23187 between Yoked group and Conflict group regardless of high or low current condition. 4) There is significant difference in IL-2 production in case of PMA+A23187 between Yoked group and Conflict group. This results suggest that psychological stress could reduce the immue function more profoundly than physical stress and also means the importance of coping and appraisal in the stress-immunology relationship.

달걀버섯(Amanita hemibapha subsp. hemibapha DGUM 28001)의 균사체 생육을 위한 배양조건의 최적화

한영환,함정혜 東國大學校 1999 東國論叢 Vol.38 No.-

In many recipes, Amanita hemibapha subsp, hemibapha has been regarded and used as an excellent edible mushroom. However, so far, no artificial production of this mushroom has been reported. It has usually found in the mountain or the plateau from summer through autumn. The culture condition and media composition for the enhanced mycelial growth of A hemibapha subsp. hemibapha DGUM 28001 were investigated. Optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were 30℃ and pH 5.0, respectively. Among the complex media tested, SYSP(starch yeast extract soytone pyridoxine) was the most favorable complex medium for enhancing the mycelial growth. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium, starch of polysaccharide was very excellent as a carbon and energy source. Sucrose and xylitol were very good carbon source for disaccharide and monosaccharose, respectively. In general, an organic complex nitrogen source was better than an inorganic one. Among the organic complex nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract was the best as a source of nitrogen. As a phosphorus source for the mycelial growth, the most favorable one was NH_4H_2PO_4. When folic acid, vitamin, was supplemented to the minimal medium, mycelial growth was enhanced. These results could be used to produce biologically-active substances from the mycelial culture and for the artificial production of A. hemibapha subsp. hemibapha.

독소루비신과 알로퓨리놀이 화학적 근절제에 미치는 영향

정원균,고한웅,강동희,구상환,박승하 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.3

보신 관광에서 감염된 수입성 Sparganosis 1예 : Intake of Thailand Snake during Trip

서환조,박명재,고경식,백영한,조유정,양현종,류경남,정형근,전정열 대한감염학회 1992 감염 Vol.24 No.1

Human sparganosois was reported more than 100 cases in Korean population. However no case reported yet in Korea as a patient was infected by sparganum from other geographical area, such as Thailand. The case we are reported here is a 38 year-old Korean male who had been suffered from mass being a small, round and soft consistance in upper portion of his right thigh. The patients stated that he had an opportunity to eat living snake in Bangkok, Thailand during trip. As therapy praziquantel (75㎎/㎏/day) was given p.o. for 14 days, but in vain to cure. Following medical treatment, surgical exicision was performed to remove a alive, soft, whitish-milky, mobile and elongated sparganum. Serlogical test by micro-ELISA for sparganum-specific antibody revealed a high serum antibody level of absorbance 0.67 (positive criterion: absorbance 0.22).

굽힘변형된 선박용 프로펠러의 보수방법의 개발

임명환,정의정,윤한용 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

Bending and fracture damages occur on marine propellers in services. A method by heating and hammering is generally used to repair the propellers. However, it is inevitable that the strength is degraded by using the method. A new method to increase the fatigue strength of propeller materials was suggested in the previous study. In this study, we adapted the method to repair bended propeller materials and proved its usefulness by the static and fatigue testing.

저장조건에 따른 단감 '부유'의 품질변화

안광환,강정한 Institute of Genetic Engineering Changwon National 1999 Gene and Protein Vol.3 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the causal factors affected to skin browning of 'Fuyu' Persimmon during storage. The storage experiments were done under CA(Controlled Atmosphere), MA(Modified Atmosphere) and CA+MA. The results were as follows ; 1. The skin browning was occurred in CA+MA-storage after 50 days of storage, and at this point, O₂level was bellow 1%, while CO₂ level was about 10%. 2. 'Fuyu' Persimmon under CA-storage was softened, while the content of glucose and fructose were content increased, the content of sucrose was decreased after 100 dags of storage.

전기자극 스트레스와 심리적 갈등상황을 받은 동물에서 Lymphokine-activated killer 세포능의 변화에 대한 연구

김정목,박호선,한상진,박장환,조양자 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1991 環境科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

스트레스를 받은 개체는 면역능이 변화되어 그 결과 여러 병원체에 대한 감염 또는 종양에 대한 감수성이 증가된다는 사실이 알려지고 있다. 따라서 스트레스에 의한 LAK 또는 자연살해 세포에 대한 영향은 면역능의 약화를 초래하여 인체에 커다란 위험요소로 작용하리라 추정된다. 본 연구는 회피-회피 갈등 상황을 유발시킬 수 있는 Skinner box를 이용하여 전기적인 물리적 스트레스와 의사 결정에 따르는 심리적인 갈등상황 스트레스를 유발시킨 rat를 대상으로 비장세포 임파구를 분리하여 IL-2(1,000U/㎖)로 자극을 가한 LAK 세포의 YAC-1 세포에 대한 활성능을 검토하였다. 전기자극 강도에 따른 세포 독성능의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 전반부 24시간 동안의 전기 쇼크의 강도를 1.0㎃부터 12시간 후 1.3㎃로 증가 시킨 뒤, 후반부 12시간을 1.6㎃, 그리고 나머지 12시간을 1.9㎃로 자극을 가한 고전류군(high current group)과 전반부 24시간 동안은 1.0㎃, 그리고 후반부 24시간 동안을 1.3㎃로 자극을 가해준 저전류군(low current group)과의 세포 독성능을 비교한 결과, conflict group의 경우 고전류군과 저전류군의 평균 % 세포독성능은 6.25 : 1 에서 6.1±2.18% 및 9.5±2.70%였고, 12.5 : 1 에서 11.0±1.87% 및 11.6±2.90%, 25 : 1 에서 14.0±3.52% 및 21.5±1.92%, 50 : 1에서 28.0±4.57% 및 33.4±3.65%, 100 : 1에서 37.8±4.58% 및 44.2±1.64%를 나타내어서 저전류군에 비하여 고전류군에서 평균 세포 독성능이 더욱 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 갈등사황 없이 무기력 조건이 제시되는 yoked group의 경우 고전류군과 저전류군의 평균 % 세포독성능은 6.25 : 1에서 6.3±1.74 및 12.6±2.04%였고, 12.5 : 1 에서 13.5±2.28% 및 18.4±3.04%, 25 : 1 에서 19.6±2.60% 및 28.3±1.585, 50 : 1 에서 35.0±2.12% 및 37.0±1.76%, 100 : 1 에서 46.9±2.11% 및 53.6±2.13%였다. 전기자극을 받지 않은 Skinner-box control의 경우 평균 % 세포 독성능은 6.25 : 1 에서 11.0±3.52%, 12.5 : 1 에서 18.7±1.79%, 25 : 1 에서 28.7±2.25%, 50 : 1 에서 43.2±1.33%, 그리고 100 : 1 에서 58.1±2.14%로 home cage control에 비하여 활성능이 감소를 나타내었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 전기자극이라는 물리적인 충격과 더불어 심리적 갈등상황에 의하여 면역능이 감소될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고 이런 감소는 충격의 강도가 증가할수록 심하였고, 특히 외부 자극에 반응해야 하는 심리적인 갈등이 면역능을 더욱 억압할 수 있음을 제시하여 주었다. Exposure to stress can suppress the immune system and contributes to the progress of certain diseases, such as neoplasia and infectious diseases. Lymphokine-activated killer(LAK) cells are capable of lysing fresh, natural killer-resistant tumor cell targets. Recent evidences suggest that LAK activity can be attributed primarily to interleukin-2(IL-2)-activated natural killer(NK) cells. NK cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously recognize and selectively kill certain tumor cells and bacteria or virus infected cells and hence seem to be particularly involved in immune surveillance against neoplastic diseases. Thus activity of LAK or NK cells may be markedly reduced in experimental animals by stress. This study investigated the effects of physical stress by electric shock and psychological stress of the conflict stimulation using Skinner box on LAK cell cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocytes in rats. During a first 24 hour-session, the conflict animals received the feedback of the shock termination (or delay) by their lever-pressing coping behavior so that the animals could escape the stress stimulation. During a second 24 hour-session, they were briefly shocked as the first feedback and the shock termination (or delay) as the second feedback of the lever-pressing coping behavior as in the first session. In this way, an avoidance-avoidance conflict condition was induced experimentally. The yoked group did not receive the feedback of shock termination or delay as a result of their lever-pressing behavior, thus these animals were helpless ones under the uncontrollable condition. They received exactly the same amount of shocks as the conflict subjects because their electrodes were wired in series with the conflict animals. Skinner-box control were retained only by way of the tail electrode to which no voltage was applied during the entire session. After a 48hours period, splenic lymphocytes were obtained and were incubated with recombinant human IL-2(1,000unit/㎖) for 72hours. The cytotoxicity of LAK cells was determined by a ?? release assay using YAC-1 murine lymphoma cells. As the effector : target(E/T) ratio was increased and the current was decreased, the LAK cell cytotoxicity was increased. The conflict group showed lower cytotoxicity than yoked group and Skinner-box control. The Skinner-box control was also lower cytotoxicity than home-cage control. These results suggest that LAK cell activity may be suppressed by stress such as psychological(conflict) and physical stress(restriction and electric shock).

가축분뇨 비료성분 부하수준을 고려한 지역별 적정사육두수 설정

김재환,박치호,한정대,박백균 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2001 농업경영정책연구 Vol.28 No.2

In relation to pollution load, 166 towns and cities set the following optimum number of livestock, according to cultivated area, the amount of fertilizer ingredient for crops and wastes. According to the analysis of the total capacity for waste based on cultivated area and fertilizer requirement, N was 279,884 M/T, P2O5 140,464 M/T and K2O 182.559 M/T. Total amount of nutrient production according to the number of livestock were 222,331 M/T N, 64,716 M/T P2O5 and 86,670 M/T K2O, which are 86.7%, 53.6% and 52.7% of the fertilizer requirment. It is estimated that 45 regions showed an overload capacity of fertilizer per hectare in N, 11 regions in P2O5 and 13 regions in K2O, The converted optimum number of livestock was 13,415,000 Livestock Unit (LU).