정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

國土分斷의 背景과 經緯에 對한 考察

鄭基東 群山大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Although our country had been at the point of being divided till 1945, it had never been divided fortunately. But in the middle of the twentieth century our country was divided into two parts at last. After liberation from Japan we have suffered from the division for about forty years. The first division of our country was plotted by Japan during the Hideyoshi Invasion in 1592. After the wicked Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea and gained a powerful cause, he proposed to Myeong that they should divided Korea. But the plot was not achieved because of Myeong's refusal. Just before the sino-Japanese War England offered the division of Korea to China and Japan. Though the crisis of division rose before and after the Russo-Japanese War, we passed through it with God's help. After the Second World War Korea was divided unfortunately. Some say that the division was decided at the Yalta Conference; some say at Potsdam and others say at Pentagon. But any case may not be an established opinion. All the three cases were related to the division, I think. The division of Korea originated at Yalta; it came near to the bud at Potsdam, and it was decided at Pentagon. Here it is clear that the United States and Soviet Union divided Korea into two parts, so they have responsibility to unite the two divided parts. But we also must make more efforts for the uniting the parts than the United States and Sovit Union. We must bear in mind that our neighboring countries(Soviet Union, Red China, Japan) don't want Korea to be strong and rich through unification. We never forget the today's Soviet Union, Red China, Japan are the descendants of the old Russia, Ching an Jap respectively which invaded and tormented our country through about a thousand year.

人間疎外의 槪念과 그 史的考察

鄭基東 群山大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Erich Fromm said, "God died in the ninetieth century and man died in the twentieth century." In other words, the scientific development in the nineteenth century denined the mistery of God and the mechanical development in the twentieth century ignores the ability of man. From the industrial society of the twentieth century, man has his subjectivity lost owing to mammonism and a desire of material gain ; so it is said the age of dehumanization and alienation. It shows the phenomenon of fetishism which means that man is governed by man-made machine and man-made money. The twentieth century is said the age of human animalization, in which man has fallen to the level of the beasts by unhuman doings. B. Pascal said, "Man exists at the middle of God and animals," so he tries to escape from the realm of animals and to approach that of God. As the time passes, man should be nearer to God. But today man tends to follow the nature of animals. I tried to study the process of dehumanization. The point of studying human alienation is, in short, the study of the restoration from dehumanization to humanization.

하악후방이동수술후 기도, 혀 및 설골의 위치변화에 관한 연구

정동희,이기수 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.4

이 연구는 하악전돌증의 하악후퇴수술후에 기도의 크기변화, 혀의 공간적 위치 및 형태변화, 설골의 위치변화를 계측하여 이들의 순응양상을 관찰하기 위하여 시행되었다. 하악전돌증의 하악후퇴수술후 최소 6개월이상의 추적관찰기간중 임상적으로 양호한 수술결과를 보이는 37명을 대상으로 촬영한 수술직전, 수술직후 및 최소 6개월이상의 추적기간경과후에 촬영된 측모 두부 엑스선 규격사진을 연구자료로 하여 계측, 통계처리 및 분석을 통하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비인두부와 후두인두부의 기도크기는 수술에 의한 변화가 없었으나, 구강인도부의 기도크기는 수술직후 경미한 감소를 보였고, 추적조사기간중에 감소상태로 순응하였다. 2. 두개저에 대한 설골의 위치는 수술직후 후하방이동하였고, 추적조사기간동안에 복귀되는 양상을 보였으나, 수술전에 비해 후하방이동된 위치에서 순응하였다. 설골에서 이극까지의 거리는 수술직후 감소하고, 추적조사기간중에도 계속 감소하는 순응양태를 보였다. 3. 두개저에 대한 혀의 위치는 혀의 배면이 수술직후 하방으로 이동하였다가, 추적조사기간중에 상방이동하여 원래의 위치에서 순응하였고, 수술직후 후퇴하여 그 위치에서 순응하였다. 혀의 후상방부는 수술직후 변화 없다가 추적조사기간에 상방으로 이동하여 순응하였고, 수술직후의 추적조사기간에 전후방적변화가 없었다. 설근부는 수술직후에 후하방으로 이동하여 추적조사기간중 그 위치에서 순응하였다. 4. 혀의 형태변화는 설골에서 설배면까지의 거리가 수술직후 증가하였다가, 추적 조사기간에 감소하였으나, 수술전에 비하여 증가하였고, 설골에서 혀의 후상방부 및 설근부까지의 거리는 수술후 증가되어 추적조사기간중에 유지되었다. 5. 수술에 의한 하악골의 후방이동량은 기도, 혀 및 설골의 위치변화량 및 크기변화량과 전반적으로 상관성을 보이지 않았다. This study was conducted to investigate changes of airway size, tongue and hyoid position following orthognathic surgery in mandibular prognathism, and how they are adapted to new environment in time dependent manner. 37 patients, who had recieved orthognathic surgery, were selected for this study, lateral cephalogram of each patient was taken at preoperation, immediate postoperation, and over 6 month after operation, and were traced and analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. The size of airway was not changed at PNS and Epiglottis level after operation, but it was changed slightly at 2nd cervical vertebra level. 2. The hyoid was moved inferoposteriorly at immediate postoperation, and then it shifted toward preoperative position, but it remained slightly inferoposterior position. The distance from hyoid to genial tubercle decreased continuously. 3. The position of tongue was moved inferoposteriorly at immediate postoperation, and then it shifted toward preoperation position, but the root of the tongue remained inferoposteriorly. 4. The distance between tongue and hyoid was increased at immediate postoperation and slightly decreased during follow-up period. 5. The change of the mandibular position was not significantly correlated with changes of airway size, hyoid position, tongue morphology and tongue position.

만정 뇌경막하혈종에서 술전 CT음영 및 천두폐쇄배액술후 배액량과 재발과의 상관관계에 대한 연구

임동준,박윤관,정용구,김봉룡,정흥섭,이기찬,이훈갑,서중근 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.10

고등학교 지구과학 실험·실습 요목 비교 분석

정원우,이윤종,기우항,김영호,양승영,강용희,안병호,임성규,윤일희,김중욱,윤성효,강동진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school earth. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school earth science have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this, eighty eight earth science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of earth science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.

림프구성 뇌하수체염 - 증 례 보 고 -

임동준,정용구,이훈갑,이기찬,서중근 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.11

후방순환계 뇌동맥류의 임상분석

임동준,이훈갑,정흥섭,김봉룡,권택현,이기찬,서중근 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.11

척수원추내에 발생하여 외장성 성장을 보인 낭종성 기형종 -증 례 보 고-

임동준,박윤관,김애리,정흥섭,이기찬,이훈갑,서중근 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.10

선반 주축대 결합부가 주축계의 동특성에 미치는 영향

정인성,홍동표,박대원,유성기 全北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

Generally machine tool has a lot of blocks and contact surfaces for the reason of easiness to manufacture, repair and transport. Even though B.B.S(Building Block System) has lower static stiffness than solid system, B.B.S has advantages of vibration reduction and dynamic stability. In this study, the column model was fixed to the bed by means of inserting thin metallic sheets or gilding on contact surface and obtained the interesting result-these bolted joints improve dynamic characteristics as well as static stiffness-. The result of the model test was applied at the actual lathe by inserting 0.3mm metallic sheets between headstock and bed among the cycle of workpiece-headstock-bed-tool. Similar conclusion was obtained in the actual lathe, that is, dynamic characteristics of spindle system and surface roughness of workpiece are improved according to the hardness of inserted materials.