정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유전특성에 미치는 선형 저밀도 폴리에틸렌과 에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트 혼합비 영향

김원종,정의남,임윤희,심낙순,박하용 三陟大學校 2002 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The physical and electrical properties of electrical insulating materials due to the mixing ratio of linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) are studied. Specimens are selected as LLDPE and EVA of mixing ratio of 50 : 50, 60 40, 70 : 30, 80 20 and virgin. To analyze the physical properties of specimens, Fourier transform infra-red spectrum, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry are used. To investigate the influence on dielectric characteristic due to Physical structural change of specimens, we investigated the frequency and temperature dependency of tan f for virgin specimen and mixture specimens in the temperature range of 25[t]~120['c], frequency range of 30[Hz] ~l.5×10s[Hz]. For the value of tan 3, dielectric loss, at each temperature of 35, 75, 100, 120[℃], it is confirmed that as applied voltage increase, α and β peak moved to low frequency area at high temperature area, and also moved to high frequency at low temperature areas, the width of peak widen. it is considered to be caused by the molecular vibration, reduction of side-branch density, reduction of crystalline with increasing temperature.

일본근대문학의 그리스도교 수용과 전개

하태후,박영준,김윤택,박승호 한국문학과종교학회 2002 문학과종교 Vol.7 No.2

The influence of Christian religion to Japanese modern literature is seen from the Meiji dynasty, But we can not help be disappointed about the influence. Until late 20th century, the Christian religion literature which was accepted as the thought of Christianity, could not escape from an immature stage. Starting with Tokoku and Toson, it was the same as the situation to the writers of socialism, the Minyusha group, the Shirakaba group and naturalism. Christian religion was not giving them the power to live ultimately. And the relation of Christian religion and the writers has succeeded to Catholicism literature R. Akutagawa → T.Fori → S. Endo, and Protestantism literature R. Akutagawa → O. Dazai → R. Shiina. In the case of R. Akutagawa, it was not in the Christian Dogma, the church as a system or believer's behavior that he thought important. He discovered that the origin of the human existence itself, and the appearance of the suffering which carries 'Worldwide pain' itself at the existence to be called Christ. As he wrote in "The Western Man", 'I began to pay attention to Jesus Christ who is not only from the people of the path, but also from modern people looking back.' His confession is connected here deeply. Dazai read The Bible and he enlarged the consciousness of sin and resisted consciousness about impurity. The motive which Dazai read The Bible, was to throw away the thought of communism. It was for him filling the blanks of spiritually up due to the guiltiness of society. In any difficult situation, Dazai touched strongly upon the one spirit of the human, K.Uchimura, who overcame life to the support of his incompatibilities. He confessed that he entered, by foot, into the world of the faith and he was fascinated more with The Bible because he did the love of reading The Bible. After this, The Bible was melted and entered his works as the manual of life and ethics. It became civilized as the ethics to resist and to criticize the period. R.Shiina entered Christianity faith finally by influence of the Dostoevsky's literature that treated the problem of God in Christian religion. According to his trace of the spirit, Shiina's works are divided into three parts. First, the time to keep himself in existence as to fight hard with the despair and the nothingness. Namely, the works of the time which is groping for God. Second, the works of the time which reaches Christian religion faith. Third, the works of his later years which is subjected to the problem on freedom of the human, with he to fight against the heart disease of paroxysm. The works and life of Shiina as a whole, we can say, was walking to pursue the freedom and the problem of God that rescues the human. The problem of the authentication which the West differs from the East in "The Sea and Poison" by S.Endo is progressed as the problem of East reception of Christian religion and as the subject to be a motherhood faith in "The Silence". Via "The Edge of the Dead Sea", it is developed as a universal Jesus who 'a companion Jesus' to orientals. As it is reached "The Warrior", it presented a typical model of Christian religion of reception to the Japanese. In "Deep River", it is passed over the range of the religion and progress for an origin problem, a reality of the human and solution for existence. Since a visit to Japanese shores by Admiral Perry, a course of reception of a non critical though of Western Europe had happened. Endo's literature reflects constructive resolutions about a traditional thought of Japan and complicated problems which have agonized the solution in Japanese modern history.

금속분말사출물에서 이성분 혼합 초임계유체를 이용한 바인더 제거

김용호,임종성,이윤우,이창하 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

최근 들어, 금속사출성형공정에서 구졀합체로 많이 시용되는 paraffin wax를 제거하기 위한 용매로 초임계 CO_2에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비극성 유기물질에 강한 용해력을 보이는 propane의 특성을 이용하기 위해서 CO_2와 propane의 혼합유체를 용매로 선택하였고, 초임계 조건에서 탈지실험을 수행하였다. 탈지 실험은 온도 348.15K, 압력 15MPa-25 MPa의 조건에서 propane의 함량을 변화시키면서 수행하였고, 시간에 따른 탈지율을 비교하였다. 또한 탈지속도를 Fick의 diffusion model에 적용시켜 계산하였으며, 이를 실험치와 비교해 본 결과 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 허용하여 paraffin wax의 확산도를 구하였다. In recent years, the study of supercritical CO_2 that can be used as solvent which extracts paraffin wax in metal injection molding process is going on. In this work, we used binary mixture of CO_2 and propane in supercritical conditions in order to use a special property of propane that has strong solubility for nonpolar organic material. Debinding experiments were performed by varying weight ratio of propane at constant temperature(348.15 K) and various pressure (15-25 MPa). The binder removal rates at each condition were compared. Moreover, kinetics of debinding was studied by applying the Frick's diffusion model. The calculated debinding rate showed good agreement with experimental data. By using this model, we could evaluate diffusivity of paraffin wox.

竹茹와 蘿蔔子가 實驗的 糖尿에 미치는 영향

明聖河,李學仁,金蓮燮 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

This experiment was performed into investigate the effect of Bambusae Caulis and Raphani Semen on the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Experimenal diabetes was induced by 55㎎/㎏ of streptozotocin injection and administered Bambusae Caulis and Raphani Semen extract during 3 days after streptozotocin injection. Glucagon and insulin granules in Langerhans islets were stained by use of immunohistochemical method and observed the relative amount of the each granules in Langerhans islet by light microscope and image analysis system. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Area % of insulin granules in Langerhans islets of Bamhusae Caulis extract adminstration group increased and showed the statistically significant difference with the control group at 7th day and 14th day. 2. Area % of insulin granules in Langerhans islets of Raphani Semen extract adminstration group increased and showed the statistically significant difference with the control group at 14th day. 3. Area % of glucagon granules in Langerhans islets of Raphani Semen extract adminstration group decreased and showed the statistically significant difference with the control group at 14th day. With the above result, we know that Bambusae Caulis and Raphani Semen has a control effect on glucagon and insulin granules in Langerhans islets of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin.

로손시약과 1,8-디케톤 화합물의 이상 반응

노동윤,이하진,김영윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

The new 1,3-dithiole-2-thione compound fused with diphenyl-containing ?? was synthesized by an unusual reaction of Lawesson's reagent ?? with 1,8-diketone and identified with FT-lR, El-MS and ^l3C-NMR. The reaction of Lawesson's reagent and diketone compounds gives different results depending on the property of functional group at a-position of ketone. This method can be developed as a new synthetic method of multisulfur compound which may be utilized as a precursor of organic conductors. Compound ?? will be a good candidate for the precursor of new TTF derivatives, too.

소중합 디엔체인 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-trithione의 Diels-Alder 형태의 [2+4] 고리화 첨가 반응에 관한 연구

노동윤,이하진,김영윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

A Diels-Alder type [2+4] cycloaddition reaction of oligomeric diene (1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-trithione : (C3S5)n) with dienophiles containing warious functional groups was studied. Extended multisulfur system was achieved via [2+4] cycloaddition of TTF(1). Quinone(4), dienophiles containing cyanyl group(5-7), triple bond(14-17) and conjugated double bonds (25,26), however, failed to form cycloadducts with (C3S5)n. the reaction of (C3S5)n with dienophiles containing electron withdrawing groups such as -Co2CH3(18), phenyl(19-24), ferrocenyl(27,28), pyridyl(29,32) group was readily achieved. In case of asymmetrical dienophiles such as 19, 27, 29 and 30, the electron withdrawing ability was more efficient than symmetric dienophiles. Dienophiles of 4-vinyl pyridine group(30,32) were more reactive than that of 2-vinyl pyridine group(29,31). This reaction also could be carried out by photoreaction as well as direct thermal reaction. Eventhaugh we observed no reaction between 6 and (C3S5)n by direct thermal method, it yielded some cycloadduct via photoreaction even in very low yield. The cycloadducts, EDT-DTT derivatives, were converted to EDT-DTO derivatives using Hg(OAc)2 in CHCI3. The EDT-DTT(O) DERIVATIVES can be good can-didates as precursors to organic electronic materials.

신경회로망을 이용한 용접잔류응력 예측 및 최적의 용접조건 선정에 관한 연구

차용훈,김하식,이연신,김덕중,성백섭 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.1

The objective of the study is the development of the system for effective prediction of residual stresses using the back propagation algorithm from the neural network. The achieve of this goal, the series experiment were carried out and measured the residual stresses using sectional method. Using the experimental results, the optional control algorithms using a neural network should be developed in order to reduce than the effect of the external distribution during GMA welding processes. Also, comparison with the measured and the calculated results from the FEM(finite element method) and verification of the developed system was carried out. This system can not only help to understand the interaction between the process parameters and residual stress, but also, improve the quantity control for welded structures. Then the results obtained from this study are as follows. Through comparison between the measured and calculated results, the neural network based on back propagation algorithm is the best techniques to predict the process parameter. A new techniques which predict the process parameter such as welding voltage, arc current, welding speed using the training the raw dates, will be proposed.

신경회로망을 이용한 용접잔류응력 예측에 관한 연구

차용훈,김일수,김하식,이연신,김덕중,성백섭,서준열 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.6

In order to achieve effective prediction of residual stresses, the series experiment were carried out and the residual stress-es were measured using the backpropagation algorithm from the neural network and the sectional method. Using the experimental results, the optiomal control algorithms using a neural network should be developed in order to reduce the effect of the external disturbances on residual stresses during GMA welding processes. The results obtained from the comparison between the measured and calculated results, showed that the neural network based on backpropagation algorithm can be used in order to control weld quality. This system can not only help to under-stand the interaction between the process parameters and residual stress, but also, improve the quantity control for welded structures. The development of the system is goal in this study.

대학 체육교육과와 체육학과의 전공교육과정에 대한 비교연구 : 과목명칭과 학점 및 시간수를 중심으로

이광재,하명수,김윤래 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1988 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.13

To identify the difference of Major Curriculum between Department of Physical Education in College of Education of both different department were compared as follows. Theoritical Subjects had more Score than Practical Skill, and elective Subjects had more score than required subject in a credit of Major subject. There was no differencies in the name of Subject. The numbers of credit according to theoritical area on major subject which consists more score than other major subjects were following orders; Teaching of P.E, Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Education, Health Education, and Sports Philosophy in P.E Dept. of Educational College. Sports Philosophy, Sports History, Measurement and Evaluation of P.E, and Administration of P.E in P.E Dept. of College of Sports Science. On the other hand practical skill of major subjects was following order. Ball Game, Gymnastics, Dance, and Tract and Field in both Department. But there is much more needs of course of study for handcapped.