논문(論文) : 언행록을 통해 본 선비의 행동양식과 그 정치사회적 의미 -퇴계(退溪) 이황(李滉)과 여헌(旅軒) 장현광(張顯光)을 중심으로-

김성윤 ( Seong Yun Kim ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

Behavior Patterns and Its Political-social Significance of Sun-Bi Considered from Chronicle of Sayings and Doings Kim, Seong-yun [Abstract] This article considered the influence to behavior patterns and emotion construction by socioeconomic change in history. The contents about self-restraint of trainee get an absolute majority in their behavior patterns. The attitude as follows restraint of desire, abandonment of enjoyment, thrifty living, pursuit of stillness, Keep distance from politics and society, abandonment of profit is affiliated to this. The salient feature of these social behavior is that pursuit of harmony and practice of reciprocity. Inhibition of feeling expression, elimination of aggression, modesty and reverence is affiliated to this. Such behavior patterns of Sun-Bi was prominent after 16th century. The change of social structure that formed the identity and behavior patterns of Sun-Bi is the diffusion of landowner system and the division of roles between Sun-Bi and bureaucrat after 16th century. The identity and behavior patterns of Sun-Bi was break out in such political-social change. Therefore behavior patterns of Sun-Bi proceed to two direction. The first, Share of daily etiquette to ease the competition and settle the conflict with refined mode in the ruling establishment. The second, Aiming to attract the support about their social control power, and promotes the stable reproduction of regional community. In conclusion, the behavior patterns of Sun-Bi was positively related to the social-domination method of ruling establishment.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 체내 총항산화능 측정의 의의

윤여일,윤석기,김선규,김용현,남일송,차건영,황의원,김영선 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background: The diabetic patients are at significantly increased risk of developing vascular disease. It's etiology may involve oxidative damage by free radiacals and protection againse such damage can be offered by antioxidants. We investigated that oxidative stress as assessed by measurement of total antioxidant status may play a role in development of diabetes mellitus. Method: We measured total antioxiant status using merchandised kit, glycated hemeglobin(HbA1c) in 46 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy matched control subjects. Result: The total antioxidant status(TAS) was 2.10(±0.04) mmol/L in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, 2.60(±0.03) in controlled type 2 DM patients and 2.70(±0.16) in healthy control subjects. TAS was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, but no significant association between in controlled type 2 DM patients and healthy control subjects. The TAS was 2.00(±0.17) mmol/L in complicated type 2 DM patients and 2.10(±0.29) uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. There was no significant associations between complicated type 2 DM patients and uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced TAS in type 2 DM patients. TAS was thought indirect index that predict glycemic control of type 2 DM patients.

두경부 마사지가 중환자실 환자의 수면과 불안에 미치는 효과

김미용,전선영,송윤희,최은진,김재희,김미성,주명순,김남선 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: This study was to apply head and neck massage to patients in intensive care unit and to inventigate the effect of that massage on sleep and state anxiety. Method: The subjects in this study were 27 patients who were admitted in medical intensive care unit. The study was performed from June thru September of 2005 on the One-group pretest-posttest design and the sleep, state anxiety of the subjects were measured before and after head and neck massage. For data analysis, paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized. Result: The first hypothesis that the subjects might have a better sleep after being exposed to head and neck massage was accepted. The second hypothesis that the subjects might feel less state anxiety afrer being exposed to head and neck massage was accepted. The third hypothesis that the sleep of the ICU patients maight be correlated to their anxiety was accepted, as there appeared correlation between their sleep and anxiety. Conclusion: Head and neck massage is identified as one of independent nursing interwentions to improve the sleep of ICU patients and ease their anxiety, and it is necessary to apply it to clinical practices.

중증 미만성 뇌축색손상 환자의 MRI소견 및 임상적 고찰

김한겸,김성호,송시헌,김관태,김윤 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.1

The distribution and extent of traumatic lesions were evaluated with MRI in 31 patients with diffuse axonal injuries(DAI). Authors also analyzed patients with diffuse axonal injury, clinically. The patients with DAI showed statistically significant lower incidence of lucid interval, fracture of the skull and intracranial hematoma. Combined injuries, intracrnial hematomas and distribution of lisions were porved to be poor prognostic factors of DAI. Diffuse axonal injury is most commonly involved in the white matter of the frontal and temporal loves and the splenium of the corpus callosum. Patients with lisions in brainstem and cerebellum revealed worst prognoses. In our studies, the sensitivities of the imaging techniques for diffuse axonal injures were 7.3% with CT scan, 75.6% with T1WI, and with 97.6% in T2WI of MRI, respectively. The authors concluded that MRI has clear advantages over CT in evaluating diffuse axonal injuries.

정조의 경세론과 효제(孝悌)윤리

김성윤 ( Seong Yun Kim ) 한국실학학회 2012 한국실학연구 Vol.0 No.23

이 논문은 정조 경세론의 주요 측면들을 통하여 조선후기 실학의 전개 과정에서 정조가 차지하는 위치를 가늠해 본 것이다. 이 글에서 필자가 제기한 주요 논점은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 정조는 이기론에서 주희나 이황과는 달리 理를 氣의 내재법칙으로 축소시킴으로써 리가 갖는 先在性·초월성·규범성을 외면했다. 정조의 이러한 주기적 이기관은 그의 근본적 시각이 경험적 현실에 있음을 보여준다. 그가 실학자들이 주장해 온 ``道器一體論``을 계승한 것도 이와 같은 맥락에서 이해된다. 둘째, 정조는 인성론에서 ``性卽理``라는 주자학의 기본 명제를 부정하고, ``性卽氣``를 주장했다. 아울러 맹자의 성선설에 대해서 性=四端이라는 도식을 부정하고, 사단을 元亨利貞의 四德으로 고쳐서 이해해야 한다고 주장하면서 性四德說을 제기했다. 이러한 주장들은 그가 선험적인 원리나 윤리보다는 경험적 현실과 욕구 속에서 인간을 이해하고, 현실의 변화에 맞추어 새로운 사회원리와 윤리를 모색하려 했다는 점을 대변한다. 정조의 이기론과 인성론은 주자학의 정설에서 크게 이탈해 있었다. 셋째, 그는 도교, 불교, 양명학, 서학 등 제반 이단적 학문에 대해서 개방적인 자세를 취했다. 이러한 그의 학문적 개방성은 학문적 권위가 권력적 목적에 이용되는 것을 차단하고, 진정한 학문적·정치적 실익을 추구한 데에 자연히 뒤따르는 현상이었다. 넷째, 정조는 군주가 수신을 바탕으로 명분질서의 모범을 보이고 실제 정치에 관여하는 것은 자제해야 한다는 수신군주론이나 군주성학론의 도그마에서 탈피했다. 이에 따라 그의 통치 방식도 풍속을 돈독히 하는 禮敎的 방식에 치중하지 않고 제도 개혁과 효율성을 중시하는 접근방식을 보였다. 다섯째, 정조는 영조와 마찬가지로 자신의 정치적 준거를 三代之治 혹은 堯舜之治에 두었다. 그러나 그가 이해한 요순은 은둔적이고 수련적인 철학자의 모습이 아니라 세속적이고 권력적인 정치가였다. 이처럼 그는 ``무위에서 유위로`` 정치 개념과 군주의 역할을 새롭게 이해했으며, 君師로 자처하면서 의리 판별의 권한이 임금에게 있음을 주장한 영조의 정책을 계승했다. 그의 지지자에 의해 국왕이 사문의 도통을 계승했다는 ``君主道統論``이 제기되는 속에서 마침내 자신을 太極에 비유함으로써 자신이 天 혹은 上帝라는 절대군주론을 피력하기에 이르렀다. 여섯째, 정조의 군주론은 중개세력의 매개 없이 군과 민이 직접 소통하는 2단계 정치구조를 지향했다. 그는 이러한 절대왕정을 지탱할 통일된 사회윤리로서 孝悌를 제시하고, 太學序齒를 통해서 이를 시험적으로 실행했다. 태학서치는 군주 이외에 모든 臣民을 하나로 보고, 신민 사이에서는 신분이나 직업이 아닌 나이를 우선시하는 새로운 계서윤리를 선도하고 있었다는 점에서 실학이 추구하는 새로운 왕정이 결코 이론적 수준에 머무르지 않았음을 보여준다. 일곱째, 정조가 추구한 절대왕정은 국가를 家의 類比 내지 확장으로 보는 유교의 家族國家와 외연상 별 차이가 없어 보이나, 국가권력의 정당성을 도덕보다는 백성의 행복 증진에 두고 국가사회의 결속원리를 인간에 내재한 도덕심이 아니라 개인의 주체적 개별적 연계 속에서 모색했다는 점에서 종래의 유교적 왕정론과는 질적인 차이가 있었으며, 여기에는 차후 근대국가론의 형성으로 나아갈 수 있는 소지가 다분했다. 여덟째, 실학사상의 한말 민중운동으로의 전유와 관련하여 정조의 역할이 있었을 가능성을 지적하였다. 그의 주역 연구와 文王에 대한 특별한 관심은 한말 민중운동에 크게 영향을 끼쳤던 후천개벽설과 연관이 있어 보인다. The main points of this thesis can be centered on several points as follows. First, Jeongjo emphasized that I(理) is the inherence rule of Gi(氣). These Jugijeok Igi-gwan(Gi-centred Philosophy of I and Gi) shows that his fundamental viewpoints focus on an empirical actuality. Second, In theory of human nature, Jeongjo contradicted seong-jeung-ni(性卽理. nature is based on i which is innate in all creatures) and advocated seong-jeung-gi(性卽氣. nature is based on gi). And he advocated that human nature is saduk(四德. the four virtues), not sadan(四端. the four beginnings). Third, Jeongjo had opened up towards the unorthodox. His academic openness was the phenomenon following his utilitarianism. Fourth, Jeongjo`s ruling methods had attached importance to effectiveness of system, not convert. Fifth, He had made the way of the sage King Yao and Shun(堯舜之治) as his political authority. He emphasized that he himself is taegeuk(太極. Great Ultimate). This meens he had announced the absolute monarchy. Sixth, He presented Hyoje(孝悌. filial piety and friendship) as the moral foundation for his absolute monarchy, and practiced it with Taehakseochi(太學序齒). Seventh, There is a possibility that Jeongjo had a influence on the theory of hucheongaebyeok(後天開闢. Great Transformation for the world after the creation of heaven). This related with the Silhak(實學)`s transformation to the popular movement at the close of Joseon dynasty.

전국 단위 감시체계의 현황과 전망

강성규,안연순,지영구,김형옥,하미나,권호장,백남종,김성아,홍윤철,김재용,강대희,정혜선,하은희 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

소아에서 발생한 골수이형성 증후군 2례

홍성진,윤석중,김성우,조형구,오명호,김기혁,이인성 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) is a group of acquired conditions characterized by progressive bone marrow failure associated with normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow that cannot be attributed to nutritional deficiency, chronic infection, or other chronic systemic illness, and cannot be reversed by the successful treatment of those conditions. Whereas the cases of secondary MDS occur at all ages, primary MDS is essentially a disease of elderly, though no age group is exempt and predomonant in men. The MDS is fundamentally clonal disorders at the level of the haemopoietic totipotent stem cell. Clinically, they are characterized by varing degrees of peripheral cytopenia(s) with morphological and functional abnormalities of blood elements. We have experienced two unrelated pediatric cases, who showed pancytopenia on admission and the characteristic marrow findings of MDS. The first case, a 12 months-old girl, showed increased reticulin with abnormal localization of immature precursor cells(ALIP) in her bone marrow, in addition to dysplastic features such as bi-and multi-nucleation of late normoblasts and internuclear bridging. She also showed 22% of blasts in her bone marrow cells thus classified in the category of RAEB-t after FAB classification. Also found were a chromosomal abnormality namely 46 XX t(14q21q), which was an unusual one. Her family brought her home and, 4 month later, she deceased. The second case, a 12 year-old boy, showed pancytopenia with Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly in neutrophils but no blasts in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow of this case also showed the picture of dyserythropoiesis with binuclearity, internuclear bridging, nuclear fragments, multinuclearity of late normoblasts, in addition to megaloblastoid change in the normoblasts and increased mitosis in granulocytic series. No chromosomal abnormality was found. Classified as RA after FAB classification of MDS. Showed good response to conservative management for anemia for more than one year.

우리나라 지역 직업성질환 감시체계의 현황과 전망

임종한,장성실,김성아,문재동,채창호,홍윤철,김수영,김진석,김영욱,한상환,이혜숙,원종욱,송동빈,하은희,강성규 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

기존의 특수건강진단과 작업환경측정을 통한 직업병 관리가 진폐증, 소음성난청 등의 소수 특정질환에 국한되고 실제 직업병 발생 규모 파악이나 신종 직업병의 발견에 한계를 보인다는 사실은 산업의학전문가들 사이에서도 공감을 이루고 있다. 미국과 영국 등에서의 직업성질환 감시체계에 대한 경험은 우리 나라의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축에도 새로운 자극제가 되면서, 1998년이후 인천, 대전, 여천, 구미, 부울경 지역에서 지역 직업성질환감시체계를 산업보건관리의 중요한 시스템으로 구축하려는 노력이 확산되고 있다. 새로이 구축되어지는 이들 지역 직업성질환 감시체계는 감시하고자 하는 대상질환, 활용 가능한 인적자원 및 자료원, 지역 의료체계의 특수성 등에 따라서 목적과 방법을 달리하면서 독특한 형태로 발전을 하고 있다. 각 지역단위 감시체계들이 그 상황에 맞게 독특한 목적과 전략들을 발전 시키면서도, 향후 발전할 국가적인 차원의 직업성질환 감시체계 구축을 위하여 직업성질환 감시의 기본 전략 등을 공유하는 등의 노력이 필요하다. 환례 정의 및 기본적인 등록 서식의 공유, 직업성질환 감시 자료원의 발굴, 공동의 정보 네트워크 및 직업성질환 감시 데이터베이스 구축 등 직업성질환 감시활동을 지원하기 위한 여러 기초 인프라 구축에 힘을 모아야 할 것이다. 우리 나라에서 직업성질환 감시체계를 성공적으로 구축하기 위해서는 수집된 자료의 질 관리를 위한 직업성질환 감시의 원칙 제정과 감시 전략의 공유 등이 필요하며, 전국적인 직업성질환 감시체계의 하부구조라고 할 수 있는 지역감시체계의 기초 토대 마련과 강화작업이 절실하게 필요하다.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.