정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고온 접촉식 탐상용 초음파 탐촉자 개발 및 평가

김기복,김병극,이승석,윤남원,윤동진,안윤국 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

고온(500℃) 환경에서 접촉식 탐상이 가능한 초음파 탐촉자를 개발하고 평가하였다. 고온용 탐촉자는 Curie 온도가 600 ℃ 이상인 bismuth titanate 계열의 압전세라믹 소자, 텅스텐 분말과 inorganic binder를 혼합한 후면재, 알루미나 튜브, 전면재, 하우징 등으로 구성되었다. 기본 공진주파수가 각각 1.04 및 2.08 ㎒의 2 종류 탐촉자를 제작하였으며 각종 고온용 커플런트의 온도특성을 시험하였다. 개발된 고온용 탐촉자를 이용하여 강재 시편을 대상으로 시편에서의 초음파 반사신호를 측정한 결과 시편의 온도가 증가함에 따라 반사신호의 크기는 감소하였다. 고온에서 반복측정 실험결과 500℃에서 연속적인 접촉식 초음파 탐상이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for high temperature contact measurement were developed. These high temperature ultrasonic transducers (HTUT) consisted of bismuth titanate piezoceramic element whose Curie temperature is higher than 600℃, a backing material of the mixture of tungsten powder and inorganic binder, an inner alumina tube, a wear plate and a housing. The operational frequencies of the HTUT were 1.04 and 2.08 ㎒, respectively. Various commercially available couplant for high temperature were evaluated and compared. As a couplant for high temperature ultrasonic testing between HTUT and test specimen, gold epoxy was selected. The peak amplitude of pulse-echo signals from steel test specimen decreased with increasing temperature. The operational temperature of the HTUT reached up to 500℃ at which the continuous contact measurement was possible.

정신장애인 치료에 중요 역할 담당자의 정신질환에 대한 태도조사

김병후,정선욱,강연화,김윤,김창엽,홍진표,한오수,조맹제,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5

Objectives : Attitudes of families of mentally ill, health personnels and community leaders to the mentally ill after the development and utilization of the community mental health program and reintegration of the chronically ill patients into society. This study was designed to compare the attitudes toward the mentally ill patient of the persons who have important role in treating the mentally ill and to find the variables influencing the attitudes. Methods : We measured attitudes toward mental illness in psychotic patients' families(N=139), community leaders(N=180) and health personnels(N=324) including mental health personnels before the implementation of community mental health services in Yonchon county and Seodaemun district area. The instrument used to measure attitudes was Opinion about Mental Illness(O. M. I.) scale. Results : 1) Health personnel showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores on the average than community leaders and psychotic patients families. 2) Current residence affect the attitudes in psychotic patients' families, not in community leaders and health personnels. Families in urban area showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and Social Restrictiveness(Factor D) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores than in the rural areas. 3) Many patient variables were correlated to the attitudes of families. Duration of illness, number of recurrence, number of admission, age of patient and family burden were positively correlated mainly to Social Restrictiveness(Factor D). 4) Sex and religion of respondents showed no or weak relationship with the factor scores. Conclusions : Education for community leaders and families is required to achieve successful community mental health services. Community support program should be developed for chronic, recurrent and burdensome psychiatric patients in the first place.

저염김치제조에 관한 기초적 연구 : 무우의 소금절이 과정중 소금의 침투와 칼슘의 용출 Movement of salt and calcium in the processing of salting

김순동,박병윤,강명수 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1986 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The relation between salt penetration and elution of moisture,calcium during salting process of radish were investigated at differentsalt concentration as a basic research for the fermentation of lowsalted radish kimchi. And also, measured to the most desirable saltconrentration of kimchis from houses and department stores by sensoryassessment. Almong 20 kimchis, 8 kinds were selected by sensory assessment andtheir salt concentration were at range of 1.2~2.2%. The result mayinvolve increasing in preference for low salted kimchis. Moisture audcalcium of radish were lossed in proportion to increasing the saltconcentration. Desirable salting times were estimated to 2 hours at3%, 1 hour at 5% and 30 minutes at 10% salt concentration. Thetreatment of high concentration of salt shortened the salting time,but brought a great nutritional loss.

기존 축열벽 시스템과 투명단열 축열벽 시스템의 열성능 평가 실험 연구

김병수,윤종호,윤용진,이진숙 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.10

TI-wall is an Mass-wall with TIM used instead of an usual single, double and triple glassed windows. The aim of this study is to analyze the thermal performance through Test-Cell of TI-wall in domestic climate. This study is carried out as follows: 1) Test-cells of TI-wall and Mass-wall are designed through the investigation of previous paper and work. The type of the TIM used in test-cell is small-celled(diameter 4㎜ and thickness 50㎜) capillary and cement brick(density 1500㎏/㎥) is used by thermal mass. 2) individual and combination test with various variants, such as thickness(190㎜, 380㎜) and surface absorption(60%, 95%) of thermal mass wall, measured for winter and spring, and the thermal effects are analyzed. Finally, as results indicated that the peak point time of the temperature of in-and-out surface is cut down approximately by an hour when the surface absorption of thermal mass wall is changed from 60% to 95% In case of applying for 1B(190㎜) in thickness of thermal mass wall. In case of applying for 2B(380㎜) in thickness of thermal mass wall, the temperature difference between in-and-out surface is showed about 23℃ in terms of Spring and Autumn. It means that the heat could not be delivered enough because the distance for heat transmission is too far. Therefore, in case of more than being 2B in thickness of thermal mass wall, it is not right for heating in Winter, Spring and Autumn. Experiment in term of su㎜er, the thermal mass wall is heated enough by outside temperature and solar radiation, the temperature difference between in-and-out surface is indicated 10℃. Also, inside temperature is sustained more than average 28C. Therefore, radical temperature rising will be released by changing its thickness, but the inside temperature still remains in high.

투명단열 축열벽 시스템의 하절기 과열현상 방지에 관한 실험 연구

윤종호,김병수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

Korea has been introducing passive solar systems in order to save the heating energy of a building from the past. Among them, a Mass-wall system as a component of construction structure has been applied to various types since it had excellent application and function. However, because of characteristics of Korean climate, the Mass-wall system is excellent to the reducing effect of a heating energy in winter, and in summer, cooling energy consumption by over heating might be increased. The purpose of this paper is to analyse overheating of summer using the experiment model of a Mass-wall system with doble glass and Mass-wall system with TIM, and to research the effect and selection of a overheating protector. The process of this paper is as follows : 1) After establishing a experiment model which sets up doubled glass and TIM as collector respectively, it analysed overheating through a summer experiment. 2) Solar shading effect was analysed after putting blinds on all sides of collector in order to reduce overheating phenomenon of a Mass-wall system applying TIM. 3) After installing a natural ventilation device between blinds and air-gap, the overheating effect by solar shading and natural ventilation was analysed. As a result of the experiment, overheating phenomenon of a Mass-wall system applying doubled glass and TIM was almost same. In the case of a thermal mass wall set with only blinds for solar shading, although the increasement of temperature of a thermal mass wall and air-gap was stopped by solar shading, an indoor temperature was increased 32℃ which was about 2℃ higher than outdoor temperature. In the case of setting up blinds and a natural ventilation device at the same time, the blinds and natural ventilation device blocked overheating of air-gap, a thermal mass wall and indoor temperature by solar and outdoor temperature effectively, and they kept up indoor temperature as average 27℃.

DP-Matching과 HMM을 이용한 온라인 필기 한자 인식

윤병훈,김형태,하진영 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2007 정보통신논문지 Vol.11 No.-

On-line handwritten Chinese character recognition systems should be fast and yield accurate results in order to be practical systems. DP-matching method for variable length input requires building several allographs (multiple models) per class, which inevitably reduces the recognition speed. HMM is a good alternative, since one HMM per class is usually sufficient to model large variation of data. We proposed a recognition system in which HMM and DP-matching method are combined to improve the recognition speed and recognition accuracy at the same time. The HMM method using structure code features produces recognition candidates, then DP-matching method using chain code features reorders the candidates to get more accurate results. In doing so, we accomplished fast and accurate recognition results for 2,362 Chinese character classes. We also adopted result verification method to discriminate confusable character classes. We got 97.44% recognition accuracy using the proposed method in 113 ms per character in average.

흰쥐에서 부신 적출이 양성 가속도(+Gz) 노출에 의한 위산분비 감소에 미치는 영향

윤신희,김대중,박병옥 공군본부 의무감실 1992 항공의학 Vol.40 No.1-2

타가메트정 400㎎에 대한 신일시메티딘정 400㎎의 생물학적동등성시험

윤미경,이병무,이성재,김선규,이재휘,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.6

Cimetidine is a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist, used for the treatment of endoscopically or radiographically comfirmed duodenal ulcer. pathologic GI hypersecretory conditions. and active, benign and gastric ulcer. Simple method for determining cimetidine in human plasma has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure for cimetidine showed a linear relationship in the concentration ranges from 0.05 to 5 pg/ml. Coefficient of variance (CV, ° o) for intraday and interdav validation and relative error (RE. ° o) were less than ±150 o. Based on this analytical method. the bioequivalence of two cimetidine 400 mg tablets, reference (Tagamet 400 mg) and test drug (Sinil CIMETIDINE 400 mg) was evaluated according to the guidelines set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Release of cimetidine from the tablets in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II with various dissolution media (pH 1.2. 4.0. 6.8 butter solutions and water). Twenty-four healthy volunteers. 21.38±1.86 years in age and 68.71±8.68 kg in bode weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2x2 cross-over study was performed. After oral administration of a tablet containing 400 mg of cimetidine. blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of cimetidine in plasma were determined using HPLC equipped with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of the two tablet formulations were very similar at all dissolution media. In addition. pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, and C_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was employed for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results were revealed that the diterences in AUCf and Cma, between the two tablets were 4.17% and 0.97% respectively. At 90% confidence intervals. the differences in these parameters were also within ± 20° o. All of the above mentioned parameters have met the criteria of KFDA guidelines for bioequivalence, indicating that the test drug tablet (Sinil CIMETIDINE tablet) is bioequivalent to Tagamet 400 mg tablet.

복합 세라믹스(TiC-Al_2O_3)의 방전가공특성에 관한 연구

윤병주,김정두 한국공작기계학회 1995 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.4 No.4

TiC-Al_2O_3 composite ceramics has high hardness, high strength, high wear and corrosion resistance. Therefore, composite ceramics have been concerned significantly with some excellent properties and many functions as new industrial materials to the industry at large. In present research, experiments are carried out to obtain the machinability and machining properties by BDM. As a result, the most suitable machining conditions of TiC-Al_2O_3 composite ceramics was that the pulse duration is 10-60㎲, the peak current is 10-16A. The machining speed and the wear of the tool electrode increased with the increase in peak current.