ERK1/2 activation in quercetin-treated BEAS-2B cell plays a role in Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression

이윤진,Jun-Hwan Song,Myung-Ho Oh,Yong-Jin Lee,김용배,Jae-Hyuk Im,이상한 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2011 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.7 No.4

Quercetin, a member of the flavonoids,has been heralded as chemopreventive agent, generally because of its free radical-scavenging and antiproliferative activities. In this process, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) plays a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage; however, the exact mechanisms in which bronchial epithelial cells respond to quercetin by activating Nrf2 are not fully understood. Here, we report the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in response to quercetin. Quercetin treatment decreased the viability of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ERK1/2 was activated within 10 min of quercetin addition and then remained increased above control level throughout 48 h, whereas AKT phosphorylation was suppressed from the first 1 h of quercetin treatment. Inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation attenuated quercetin-induced loss of cell viability. Nrf2levels in both nuclear and whole cell lysates increased after quercetin treatment and was accompanied by the increase of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein level,indicating that increased HO-1 expression is Nrf2-mediated. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 system after quercetin treatment was suppressed by the pretreatment with MEK inhibitor, PD98059. Also, silencing Nrf2 with siRNA decreased cell viability and augmented cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug LBH589. Overall, our results indicate that quercetin induces the up-regulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, at least in part, via MEK/ERK1/2 signaling, as an adaptive mechanism which may provide advantages for cell proliferation and enhance survival despite endogenous and/or exogenous oxidative insults.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Ring형 섬유사 여재를 이용한 강우유출수내 미세입자 제거 특성 평가

이준호․이명진 한국교통대학교 2019 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.54 No.-

In this study, H-fiber HS-P, developed to increase microbial adhesion in sewage treatment plant, was applied to upstream filtration rainfall runoff treatment system to evaluate treatment characteristics and backwashing effects. In case of ring type media (35, 40 mm), SS showed more than 80% of treatment efficiency when filtered at 20 m/h linear velocity. Did not go beyond. The result of analysis through particle size analysis is considered to satisfy the design factors and filter selection conditions of the filter type non-point pollution reduction facility proposed by the Ministry of Environment (Korea Environment Corporation). As a result of estimating the solid mass balance, the backwashing efficiency was high because the column residue was measured at 40 mm lower than 35 mm. Experimental results showed that the treatment efficiency was low at high linear velocities for both 35 and 40 mm media based on 20 m/h. There is no difference between the 35 and 40 mm media in the relationship between the flow rate and the SS treatment efficiency, and the rate of decrease for the speed change is small.

SBR공정 방류수내 총인 제거를 위한 파일럿 플랜트 적용

이명진․이준호 韓國交通大學校 1967 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.51 No.-

The purpose of this study is to remove total phosphorus in the SBR effluent by combining coagulation, flocculation and inclined settler. The results of Jar test showed that PACS-2, optimum dosage was 2.0~5.0 mg/L. The water quality of the pilot plant effluent were pH 6.7~6.9(mean 6.7), Conductivity 309.3~386.2 μ S/cm(mean 345.2 μS/cm), Turbidity 0.1~0.5 NTU(mean 0.3 NTU), SS 0.0~0.6 mg/L(mean 0.4 mg/L), TN 3.85~5.12 mg/L(mean 4.39 mg/L), TP 0.05~0.19 mg/L(mean 0.13 mg/L), CODcr 1.9~7.3 mg/L(mean 4.5 mg/L), BOD 1.1~3.8 mg/L(mean 2.1 mg/L), respectively. The range of removal efficiency of itemized were Turbidity 46.3~92.2 %(mean 71.5 %), SS 66.7~100.0 %(mean 83.3 %), TN 0.0~15.9 %(mean 7.3 %), TP 60.9~91.6 %(mean 80.2 %), CODcr 30.0~80.0 %(mean 58.8 %), BOD 37.5~68.7 %(mean 54.6 %), respectively. Accordingly, the pilot plant of the present study were evaluated the physical and chemical treatment process can be applied to the biological treatment step the rear end. In addition, it were judged to be able to satisfy the concentration range of less than 0.2 mg/L for enhanced the Effluent Water Quality Standards of Ministry of Environment.

순무(Brassica campestris ssp. rapa) 뿌리로부터 지질화합물의 분리 및 동정

방면호,오영준,유종수,한민우,정해곤,정태숙,최명숙,이경태,김세영,백남인 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

순무 뿌리로부터 활성 물질을 분리 동정 하기 위하여 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출하고 이를 여과, 감압 농축하여 MeOH추출물을 얻었다. 이를 EtOAc분획, n-BuOH분획, H_(2)O분획으로 나누었으며, EtOAc분획에 대해 silica gel column chromatography를 실시하여 3종의 지질화합물을 분리 정제하였다. ^(1)H-NMR, ^(13)C-NMR, DEPT spectrum 및 Mass spectrum등을 통하여 palmitic acid methyl ester(compound 1), linolenic acid methyl ester(compound 2), linoleic acid methyl ester(compound 3)으로 구조를 결정하였다. In order to isolate and identify the active compound from the Brassica campestris ssp rapa, the roots and the root skin were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and H_(2)O. From the EtOAc fraction, three compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of spectral data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compound were determined as palmitic acid methyl ester (compound 1), linolenic acid methyl ester (compound 2), linoleic acid methyl ester (compound 3).

측정값의 상황 의존성

김명석,최상돈,조상규,김정호,전헌무,김호일 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1998 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.22 No.-

We review the contextuality of measured values in quantum mechanics from point of view of a conventional interpretation of quantum mechanics. We will, in particular, concentrate on Bell-KS theorem which, seemingly, disproved the existence of a hidden-variable interpretation of quantum mechanics. We introduce ways to accommodate the contextuality so that Bell-Ks theorem no longer holds and therefore the existence of a hidden-variable interpretation becomes possible.

계층적인 탐색점 배치와 화소 간축을 이용한 움직임 추정 기법

박준호,류명춘,김준한,김신희 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.1 No.1(B)

In motion estimation of moving pictures compression, fast block matching method using hierarchical search point displace and the pixel decimation is supposed. The method is based on TSS(Three step Search) method and pixel decimation. This method improves image quality and local minima by increasing search points, but operation counts that resulted from increasing search points are reduced by the pixel decimation method. So, the method can improve image quality and operation counts are nearly the same with TSS. MP@ML video is simulated by this method, which shows good results compared with TSS.

체육교육에서 피그말리온 효과

정명수,문호준 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1995 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

A 1948 paper by Robert Merton established that certain social events were, to a large extent, influenced by the expectancy effects in different social settings. It wasn’t until 20 years later that Merton’s concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy came to the attention of educational researchers (Clark, 1963; Goldberg,1963). Since the Oak Elementary School experiment, researchers have conducted well over 100 studies relative to teacher expectations. It is also important to note that impressions about a certain student may not be the same for two or more teachers. Futhermore, after an extensive review of the literature, Brophy and Good(1974) concluded that teachers, irrespective of gender, are more negative toward young males, particularly regarding their potential as behavior problems. In a follow-up study(Martinek & Karper, 1984a), it was discovered that the attractiveness cue was more influential in expectancy formation for older age groups than for younger ones. These data suggested that as children get older, attractiveness becomes increasingly related to performance expectations.

기독교인의 신앙치료에 대한 태도 조사

김준호,변원탄,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

기독교 평신도들의 신앙치료에 대한 태도와 이와 관련한 신앙태도를 알아보기 위하여 부산시내에 거주하는 평균 연령 25세의 고 교육층 기독교 평신도 358명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 대상자들의 신앙치료에 대한 개념을 초자연적 개념과 심리적 개념으로 나누어 조사해 본 결과 심리적 신앙치료의 개념보다는 초자연적 신앙치료 개념에 더 많은 찬성의 태도를 보였다. 그러나 심리적 신앙치료 개념에 대해서도 약 반수에서 찬성의 태도를 보였다. 또한 이들이 초자연적인 신앙치료 개념을 가지고 있지만 축사, 정벌등의 무속적이고 부정적인 측면보다 그것을 축복과 은혜로 본다든지 기독교의 전파의 기능을 갖는다는등 긍정적인 측면에서 받아들이고 있었다. 이러한 신앙치료 개념은 신앙관과 밀접한 상관성을 띄고 있었는데 초자연적 신앙치료 개념은 보수적 신앙태도와 상관관계가 높았고 반대로 심리적 신앙치료 개념은 현실적 신앙태도와 상관관계가 높았다. 또한 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 심리적 신앙치료 개냠 사잉에는 역 상관관계가 있었다. 그 밖에 연령층과 교회내의 직분 유무에 대한 차이가 있었는데 나이 많은 계층의 신도들에서는 나이 적은 계층보다 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 보수적 신앙태도가 더욱 현저했고 교회내 직분이 있는 사람들이 없는 쪽보다 더욱 초자연적 신앙치료 개념과 보수적 신앙태도가 두드러졌다. 대상자들에게 정신질환의 원인을 물어본 결과는 위의 태도와는 대조적으로 초자연적인 원인보다는 심리학적인 혹은 생물학적인 원인으로 본 경우가 더 많았다. 이러한 모순점은 정신질환에 대한 개념이 지적인 측면에서는 상당히 합리적이면서도 그 치료 개념에서는 신앙의 영향을 받아 초자연적인 태도를 갖고 있는것으로 이해되었다. 이와같은 결과에서 저자는 우리 사회에서 무분별하게 시행되고 있는 신앙치료를 올바르게 유도하고 또한 향후 보다 건전한 신앙치료 개념을 정착시키기 위해서는 교회 밖에서의 사회 문화적인 영향도 중요하지만 교회 내어서의 건전한 신앙과 올바른 신앙치료에 대한 교육이 더욱 중요하다고 본다. In order to evaluate christians' attitude toward faith healing, the author conducted a survey by questionnaire method to 358 young christians with relatively high educational background who are living in Busan city. The results obtained were as follows; Their concept of faith healing was more supematural than psychological. However, approximately one half of the subjects also showed psychological concept of faith healing. Contrary to the previous notion that christian faith healing is totally shammanistic and primitive, even the attitude toward supernatural concept was positive in several ways: they saw the faith healing as a blessing or grace from God and as having a function of spreading their faith. Their concept of faith healing had a significant correla tion with their attitudes religion: supernatural healing concept was positively correlated with conservative attiude and psychological healing concept with realistic attitude. There was some variation difference toward the concept of faith healing according to their age and presence or absene of mission in church; the older age group was more inclined to supernatural healing concept and conservative attitude than the younger group, and those with mission in church also showed the same trend. However, there was no difference in their attitudes toward faith healing according to sex or duration of their faith. When the subjects were asked about their perceived causes of mental disorders, their answers showed a more rational or scientific understandings; they saw the causes of mental disorders as psychological or biological ones rather than supernatural ones. This trend was seen as contradicting to the above mentioned heavily supernatural attitude toward faith healing. Thus it was suggested that their attitude toward mental disorders was rational in intellectual level but their attitude to ward faith healing was still supernatural. From these results, the author suggests, for the eastablishment of healthier concept of faith healing in the future, that mental health education in the churches as well various socio-cultural influences outside of the churches, is very impotant.

Delphi방법을 이용한 일차의료 고혈압 진료지침 개발 및 적용

양윤준,홍명호 한국의료QA학회 1995 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.2 No.1

background: Guideline for practice is useful because it can be the standard for assessment and way to improve quality. We need to take account of expert opinion and consensus as well as scientific evidences to develope practice guideline because it should be practical. Delphi method has been developed to gather opinions from experts fairly. This study was designed to develop practice guideline and apply it to practices as a method to improve quality in primary medical care. Methods: Hypertension(in adults over 18 years old) was selected as a target problem. Self questionnaires about management of hypertensive patients were developed by a researcher with advice of 11 experts. The questionnaires were designed to response as a 5 pont scale. The results of previous questionary were given to respondents in second and third questionnaires. If needed, the questionnaires were changed on the previous responses. The items with medium greater than or equal to 4 point in 1st and 2nd responses were accepted in guideline. The items with medium lesser than or equal to 3 point were questioned again about whether they can be excluded or not. The criteria for assessment was made with reference to guideline and applied to 85 hypertensive patients of 9 family practitioners. At 3 months after practice guideline had been given to family practitioners, performance of same practitioners was assessed with 36 new hypertensive patients. Results: 23 professors in family medicine, 22 family practitioners and 6 cardiologists. responded among 50, 50, 15 respectively. Practice guideline with 33 items was developed as a result of 3 times questionaires. The difference of responses between professors in family medicine, family practitioners and cardiologists was not significant. Performance of practice was improved in diagnosis, history taking about 6 fields, Jaboratory examination and decision making about time fo pharmaceutical prescription. It was not improved in physical examination, life style modification, method of pharmaceutical prescription, choice of initial antihypertensives and history taking about duration of disease and diet habit. It was decreased in history taking about psychosocial factors. The assessment scores were low in history taking, physical examination and life style modification before and after use of practice guideline. Conclusion: Practice guideline for hypertension could be developed by Delphi method. Performance of practice improved partially after use of guideline.